Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
tactics
nomic development, through a set of documents: their member companies with the implementation of User-Driven Inno- operation Support) aims at supporting and further expanding the Eu- up with concrete policy recommendations on the following topics rele-
vation and recommendations to policy makers to develop and implement ropean Cluster Alliance, and contributes to the development of better vant to cluster policy: fostering international cluster cooperation, chan-
Key messages and practical recommendations from the TACTICS appropriate policies. cluster policies and practical tools for implementation in Europe. The nelling RDI funding through excellent clusters, fostering user-driven in-
project highlights three key messages for policy makers with recommen- Channelling RDI funding through clusters project is one of the three INNO-Nets within the PRO INNO Europe novation through clusters, supporting cluster marketing and branding,
tactics
dations on concrete actions and implementation. The document is based The paper proposes a focus on the capacity of clusters/cluster organisa- initiative under the Commissions Competitiveness and Innovation evaluating impact of cluster-based policies, using excellent clusters to
on cluster trends in Europe and conclusions from TACTICS six task forces. tions to attract and manage RDI funding, including new activities, actors Programme from DG Enterprise and Industry. address emerging industries (including innovative services).
Cluster internationalisation and the role within smart specialisation strategies. It also provides TACTICS
The handbook provides a practical guide, illustrated with tools and case contribution to the State Aid rules consultation for clusters. TACTICS, coordinated by OSEO, the French national organisation TACTICS claims that cluster initiatives can
studies, for policy makers and cluster managers to address the Why? for Using clusters to address emerging industries and services supporting SMEs and mid-caps development, brings together seven improve the performance of the innovation support system
internationalisation and to progress through the ten steps of the Interna- The paper tackles the issue of using clusters to catalyse emergence of new of Europes leading national and regional innovation and cluster policy leverage the renewal of European industry
tionalisation Journey. industries and renewal/upgrade of well-established ones. The document sum- organizations namely VINNOVA (SE), TMG Upper Austria (AT),
engage SMEs in research and innovation support programmes
Cluster marketing and branding marizes case examples and discussions held with participation of TACTICS Manchester Metropolitan University (UK), IWT Flanders Innova-
The handbook examines different cases of cluster branding strategies with partners and external experts. tion Agency (BE), Veneto Innovazione (IT), and PARP (PL). The play an important role within smart specialization strategies
a view to draw useful recommendations for policy makers, bringing about Where the cluster winds are blowing in Europe partners, committed to improving policy cooperation and with a track gain competitive advantage by internationalising, boosting
concrete suggestions for the improvement of cluster policies. The paper includes contributions from about 30 European regional and Better cluster policies and tools for implementation record of experience with clusters, have been assisted by a Reflection their visibility and attractiveness, and involving users in innovation
Impact evaluation of cluster-based policies national policy making organisations, and highlights the trends in the use Group of external cluster policy experts. processes.
Cluster internationalisation Cluster marketing and branding Impact evaluation of cluster-based policies
Key messages and practical recommendations from the TACTICS project
Fostering User-Driven Innovation through clusters Channelling RDI funding through clusters Using clusters to address emerging industries and services Where the cluster winds are blowing in Europe For its covers, TACTICS series of publications gets inspiration from several works of art or uses digital pictures recalling the positivist and optimistic vision of pictorial movements flourished between the XIX
and XX century. Each image can be given an interpretation according to the main message of the publication. The works were chosen because their subject and the use of the light and the colours can be easily
associated with the idea of innovation, movement and progress embodied by the clusters.
This publication is released with no commercial purposes. The cover image, inspired by the above-mentioned work, has been freely reworked by the authors.
For its covers, TACTICS series of publications gets inspiration from several works of art or uses digital pictures recalling the positivist and optimistic vision of
pictorial movements flourished between the XIX and XX century. Each image can be given an interpretation according to the main message of the publication.
The works were chosen because their subject and the use of the light and the colours can be easily associated with the idea of innovation, movement and progress
embodied by the clusters.
This publication is released with no commercial purposes. The cover image, inspired by the above-mentioned work, has been freely reworked by the authors.
Supporting cluster marketing and branding
handbook
WHAT IS TACTICS?
TACTICS (Transnational Alliance of Clusters Towards Improved Co- Six task forces discussed actual or proposed policy actions, coming
operation Support) aims at supporting and further expanding the Eu- up with concrete policy recommendations on the following topics rele-
ropean Cluster Alliance, and contributes to the development of better vant to cluster policy: fostering international cluster cooperation, chan-
cluster policies and practical tools for implementation in Europe. The nelling RDI funding through excellent clusters, fostering user-driven in-
project is one of the three INNO-Nets within the PRO INNO Europe novation through clusters, supporting cluster marketing and branding,
initiative under the Commissions Competitiveness and Innovation evaluating impact of cluster-based policies, using excellent clusters to
Programme from DG Enterprise and Industry. address emerging industries (including innovative services).
TACTICS, coordinated by OSEO, the French national organisation TACTICS claims that cluster initiatives can
supporting SMEs and mid-caps development, brings together seven improve the performance of the innovation support system
of Europes leading national and regional innovation and cluster policy leverage the renewal of European industry
organizations namely VINNOVA (SE), TMG Upper Austria (AT),
engage SMEs in research and innovation support programmes
Manchester Metropolitan University (UK), IWT Flanders Innova-
tion Agency (BE), Veneto Innovazione (IT), and PARP (PL). The play an important role within smart specialization strategies
partners, committed to improving policy cooperation and with a track gain competitive advantage by internationalising, boosting
record of experience with clusters, have been assisted by a Reflection their visibility and attractiveness, and involving users in innovation
Group of external cluster policy experts. processes.
TACTICS RESULTS
TACTICS gives a fresh outlook on trends in cluster policy and provides a toolbox to policy makers and practitioners on how to better use
clusters for economic development, through a set of documents:
Key messages and practical recommendations from Fostering User-Driven Innovation through clusters
the TACTICS project highlights three key messages for policy The guide provides practical advices for cluster organizations to
makers with recommendations on concrete actions and implemen- support their member companies with the implementation of User-
tation. The document is based on cluster trends in Europe and Driven Innovation and recommendations to policy makers to de-
conclusions from TACTICS six task forces. velop and implement appropriate policies.
Cluster internationalisation Channelling RDI funding through clusters
The handbook provides a practical guide, illustrated with tools and The paper proposes a focus on the capacity of clusters/cluster
case studies, for policy makers and cluster managers to address organisations to attract and manage RDI funding, including new
the Why? for internationalisation and to progress through the ten activities, actors and the role within smart specialisation strategies.
steps of the Internationalisation Journey. It also provides TACTICS contribution to the State Aid rules con-
Cluster marketing and branding sultation for clusters.
The handbook examines different cases of cluster branding strate- Using clusters to address emerging industries
gies with a view to draw useful recommendations for policy mak- and services
ers, bringing about concrete suggestions for the improvement of The paper tackles the issue of using clusters to catalyse emergence
cluster policies. of new industries and renewal/upgrade of well-established ones. The
Impact evaluation of cluster-based policies document summarizes case examples and discussions held with par-
The guide suggests concrete steps for setting up an evaluation ticipation of TACTICS partners and external experts.
process of cluster-based policies. The document, targeting policy Where the cluster winds are blowing in Europe
makers and other cluster stakeholders, is a practical guide sup- The paper includes contributions from about 30 European regional
ported and explained by several cases. and national policy making organisations, and highlights the trends
in the use of clusters as a tool for innovation and economic growth,
today and in the future.
Cluster internationalisation Cluster marketing and branding Impact evaluation of cluster-based policies
Key messages and practical recommendations from the TACTICS project
tactics tactics
tactics
tactics tactics
tactics
Better cluster policies and tools for implementation Better cluster policies and tools for implementation
Channelling RDI funding through clusters Using clusters to address emerging industries and services
TACTICS - September 2012
This work has been coordinated by Veneto Innovazione SpA, with the contributions of TACTICS partners and Reflection Group members.
Editors:
Ivan Boesso, Maria Sole DOrazio, Alessandra Torresan
Legal notice:
Although the author has used reasonable skill and care in the preparation of this information, in the absence of any overriding obligations arising under a specific contract,
no representation, warranty (express or implied), or guarantee is made as to the suitability, accuracy, reliability or completeness of the information. The user thereof uses the
information at its sole risk and liability.
This publication has been produced as part of the PRO INNO Europe initiative. The views expressed in this report, as well as the information included in it, do not necessarily
reflect the opinion or position of the European Commission and in no way commit the institution.
This publication is financed under the Competitiveness and Innovation Framework Programme (CIP) which aims to encourage the competitiveness of European enterprises.
consortium
Table of contents
Keep your eyes on the stars and your feet on the ground.
Franklin D. Roosevelt
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 7
INTRODUCTION 9
A. REFERENCES 63
B. LINKOLOGY 67
D. TACTICS CONSORTIUM 71
F. EXTERNAL CONTRIBUTIONS 75
Executive Summary
Experts and practitioners are debating on the future of cluster policies in Europe, with a view to substantially raise the bar of clusters per-
formance. Most of them share the idea that a well-structured and consistent communication strategy definitely helps clusters to perform
7
better. This is even more evident if one thinks of the plethora of clusters composing the European scenario. Clusters striving for excellence
need to stand out as a point of reference in their field. This is why they need to brand and market themselves.
This handbook provides evidence for clusters and for policy makers to support cluster marketing and branding. Clusters will stick out and be
recognized for their uniqueness, they will be able to attract external interest and resources such as skilled people and capital, and to mobilise
local actors and potential members around a common vision and strategy. On the other hand, the image of the place and the perception of
the quality of life/quality of place in the mind of citizens and communities can be enhanced, and policy makers can use cluster marketing and
branding as a powerful tool to attract skilled workforce, investors, resources and to support the strategic development of the territory.
The handbook also clarifies how to place the marketing and branding strategy within a comprehensive process which requires a strong
analytical effort and the involvement of key stakeholders. As a first step, it is necessary to understand where the cluster is positioned in
relation to the market and to the surrounding ecosystem (local institutions, business associations, innovation actors, other clusters). Sec-
ondly, a strategic and forward-looking approach has to be adopted with a view to define where the cluster and its members are heading
to, clearly setting the mission, values and goals cluster members can easily identify with. Reaching a consensus on this point is a valuable
result to better build a regional branding strategy and to enlarge the participatory process to key stakeholders.
Whether the inward-looking (cluster membership) or the outward-looking (potential clients, internationalisation activities) perspective is
considered, the clusters reputation can be strengthened only if a sense of ownership from the cluster members and from the institutions/
organisations supporting the cluster is fostered.
It is important to clarify who leads the process, in order to carry it out in a structured way, and to make sure to have the right tools to man-
age it. Once agreed how the cluster has to be perceived, it is important to develop a communication strategy accordingly to the messages
to convey and to the target groups and use the suitable set of communication tools to reach the planned objectives.
Finally, the handbook provides an overview of existing policies supporting cluster marketing and branding and draws useful recommenda-
tions for policy makers willing to undertake the process. On the whole, it is suggested to smartly allocate resources on cluster marketing
and branding, valorise territorial branding, ensure a broad participatory process and sense of ownership from the community around the
cluster and promote the use of a new generation of communication tools.
8 ANALYSE YOUR KEY ASSETS CREATE YOUR POSITIONING PLAN AND IMPLEMENT YOUR TOOLS
What are the benefits of marketing and branding? How can marketing and branding foster regional and cluster development? How can
cluster initiatives/organizations use the identified brand and marketing strategy to increase visibility in the global market, attractiveness
9
and inter-cluster linkages? What is the cluster organizations (or other intermediarys) role in the definition of a shared cluster identity/
brand? What is the role for policy action in this area? These questions are commonly raised and discussed in international fora on the
future of cluster policies, and these are the questions this handbook aims to address.
Purpose The Handbook examines different cases of cluster branding strategies with a view to draw useful recommendations for policy
makers, bringing about concrete suggestions for the improvement of programmes and funding schemes. The handbook does not repre-
sent a guide to steer clusters to build their brands or to better focus their marketing actions; it is indeed addressed to policy makers who
have to set up or to update cluster policies. For this reason, it presents cases and examples showing different approaches related to dif-
ferent aims, contexts and visions so that the policy makers can, at the same time, have an overview of existing situations, improve their
knowledge about the matter and find a support in the decision making process.
Target groups The Handbook addresses in particular policy makers and all those stakeholders who are involved in the decision-making
process, with the aim to increase their awareness on this emerging topic. To a larger extent, due to the actuality of contents, the handbook
can provide interesting inputs for a wider audience of cluster managers, experts and practitioners.
Methodology The Handbook gathers contributions and inputs from different sources. A seminarial activity was carried out by a task
force of experts, who were asked to present different cases of cluster branding and to generate ideas in brainstorming sessions. Cluster
managers of the selected cases provided a feedback on the content concerning their cluster. The relevant primary literature and elec-
tronic sources were looked up. Finally, useful comments and recommendations have been collected during the dissemination events held
throughout the project lifetime.
Structure The Handbook consists of three main sections.
The first part (ch. 1-2) reflects upon the relevance of branding and marketing activities for clusters and policy makers in a social and eco-
nomic context rapidly changing. The second part (ch. 3-4) illustrates the process leading to the identification of a cluster marketing and
branding strategy, analyzing different cases of cluster branding strategies and actions at policy level and highlighting suggestive cases
and best practices. The final part draws a set of recommendations for policy makers, aggregating the key messages and considerations
from the cases. The recommendations aim to increase the awareness of policy makers on the topic of marketing and branding and shall
be used as an input to planning future programmes at national and regional level.
10
1. Why branding for clusters
tactics tactics 11
clusters
TACTICS RESULTS
Globalisation has dramatically increased the need for specializa-
TACTICS gives a fresh outlook on trends in cluster policy and provides a tool-
uster organizations to support
box to policy makers and practitioners on how to better use clusters for eco-
Fostering User-Driven Innovation through clusters
The guide provides practical advices for cluster organizations to support
WHAT IS TACTICS?
TACTICS (Transnational Alliance of Clusters Towards Improved Co- Six task forces discussed actual or proposed policy actions, coming
WHAT IS TA
TACTICS (Tra
tactics tactics
entation of User-Driven nomic
Inno- development, through a set of documents: their member companies with the implementation of User-Driven Inno- operation Support) aims at supporting and further expanding the Eu- up with concrete policy recommendations on the following topics operation
rele- Sup
ers to develop and implement vation and recommendations to policy makers to develop and implement ropean Cluster Alliance, and contributes to the development of better vant to cluster policy: fostering international cluster cooperation, chan-
ropean Cluste
Key messages and practical recommendations from the TACTICS appropriate policies. cluster policies and practical tools for implementation in Europe. The nelling RDI funding through excellent clusters, fostering user-driven in- policie
cluster
project highlights three key messages for policy makers with recommen- Channelling RDI funding through clusters project is one of the three INNO-Nets within the PRO INNO Europe novation through clusters, supporting cluster marketing and branding,
project is one
tactics tactics
and accelerate this process as they speed up innovation, boost the
y of clusters/cluster organisa-dations on concrete actions and implementation. The document is based The paper proposes a focus on the capacity of clusters/cluster organisa- initiative under the Commissions Competitiveness and Innovation evaluating impact of cluster-based policies, using excellent clusters to
initiative unde
ncluding new activities, actorson cluster trends in Europe and conclusions from TACTICS six task forces. tions to attract and manage RDI funding, including new activities, actors Programme from DG Enterprise and Industry. address emerging industries (including innovative services). Programme fr
Cluster internationalisation
gies. It also provides TACTICS and the role within smart specialisation strategies. It also provides TACTICS
on for clusters. The handbook provides a practical guide, illustrated with tools and case contribution to the State Aid rules consultation for clusters. TACTICS, coordinated by OSEO, the French national organisation TACTICS claims that cluster initiatives can TACTICS, co
development.
The handbook examines different cases of cluster branding strategies with partners and external experts.
rope a view to draw useful recommendations for policy makers, bringing about Where the cluster winds are blowing in Europe partners, committed to improving policy cooperation and with a track gain competitive advantage by internationalising, boosting partners, com
ut 30 European regional and concrete suggestions for the improvement of cluster policies. The paper includes contributions from about 30 European regional and Better cluster policies and tools for implementation record of experience with clusters, have been assisted
Better cluster policies andtheir
by a Reflection toolsvisibility and attractiveness, and involving users in innovation
for implementation record of expe
use
ighlights the trends in the Impact evaluation of cluster-based policies national policy making organisations, and highlights the trends in the use Group of external cluster policy experts. processes. Group of exte
Nowadays, no territory or cluster can think of itself as self-contained Cluster marketing and branding Cluster internationalisation
omic growth, today and in the The guide suggests concrete steps for setting up an evaluation process of of clusters as a tool for innovation and economic growth, today and in the
cluster-based policies. The document, targeting policy makers and other future.
cluster stakeholders, is a practical guide supported and explained by sev-
w.ECA-TACTICS.eu eral cases. You can download TACTICS publications at: www.ECA-TACTICS.eu
Impact evaluation of cluster-based policiesKey messages and practical recommendations from the Tactics project
Better cluster policies and tools for implementation
Cluster internationalisation
Better cluster policies and tools for implementation
Local actors and territories should define their position within global
value chains and re-think their functions within a global space.
tactics tactics tactics tactics tactics
tactics
tactics Better cluster policies and tools for implementation
Where the cluster winds are blowing in Europe This increases opportunities and visibility. Powerful brands can enable:
sations that lead most of them, are striving to be recognized as the Stronger and more profitable collaborations; Cover credits: StudioLanza.
Marketing and branding can be used as a concrete tool to stand out
Cover credits: Studio
The concentric wave
most competitive and excellent within a particular field and trying to Better visibility outside the parent organisation;
among a plethora of clusters. expands from local/r
communicate their superiority and uniqueness. In this competitive More effective outreach;
and dynamic environment, it is important for these clusters to dif- Shortened time to technology transfer;
ferentiate themselves, and this is the reason why many of them are More consistent and swift application of research results;
now putting a more strategic focus on developing a branding and Lower cost of licensing;
marketing strategy. Stronger partner loyalty;
In order to be an internationally competitive cluster (world class Competitive platforms for market impact;
cluster), it is necessary to be able to attract external interest and re- An effective means for greater, faster and more reliable funding;
sources such as skilled people and capital. At the same time there Lower costs of funding campaigns and capital;
is the need to attract the internal actors to join the cluster and to mo- Hiring of top talents.
bilise around a common vision and strategy. Marketing and brand- Other benefits for SMEs include the cut in communication costs and
ing are therefore key issues for the long term growth and future the higher degree of perceived quality.
competitiveness of clusters. For Regions and Countries, visible and excellent clusters and a suc-
Branding strategies have to be developed by cluster organisations cessful cluster marketing strategy bring several benefits. For instance
in order to plan and realize cooperative interventions and strategic it is possible to enhance the image of the territory and to establish
actions, uniting more realities under a unique image. linkages between the cluster itself and the place where it is located.
12 one possible goal in supporting cluster branding is to link the branding strategy of
a region/country to its strong and well known clusters.
Policy makers have to take into account that creating a brand and
structuring a branding strategy requires launching a complex and
comprehensive process to analyse the strengths and the potentiali-
Helping clusters to increase their awareness brings relevant ben- ties of the cluster, the goals that the cluster aims to achieve and the
efits for the whole area: a well performing cluster, with a reliable and strategy to reach these goals effectively.
consolidated image, is a powerful tool to attract talents, companies The public support for branding activities should therefore not be
and investors since it acts as multiplier and catalyst of opportunities limited to initiatives supporting clusters promotion but could be-
and resources. come a tool to sustain their innovative development.
it consolidates a virtuous cycle that avoids the emigration of talented people and supporting branding means supporting the strategic development of clusters and
contributes to the increased perception of the quality of life/quality of place in thereby the economic development of the areas where they are located.
the minds of citizens and communities.
CASE THE PAPER PROVINCE. A BRANDING STRATEGY THAT CREATES VALUE
13
The Paper Province was formed in 1999. It is a cluster organisation Independent surveys are carried out each year to measure the per-
for the pulp and paper industry in the Swedish region of Vrmland formance of the organisation and its impact on member companies.
and surrounding areas. The cluster organisation is owned and man- Seven out of ten member companies confirm being part of The Pa-
aged by around 100 memb er companies, representing the entire per Province will lead to new products and services. More than one
value chain and associated services, active in more than 100 coun- in three companies considers that sales have risen, while one in
tries. five says that membership has led to the recruitment of new staff.
In 2007 The Paper Province identified a need to make the mem- These positive signs are strengthened by the fact that the pulp and
ber companies more visible and to secure long-term public invest- paper industry has invested an average of 100 million Euros per
ments. With a rather small marketing budget, public relations were year in the region over the past decade.
chosen as the main communication tool for the cluster. Marketing
and branding through public relations was perceived as a quick, The Paper Province sought publicity in order to get media atten-
cost-effective and trustworthy way to reach many people within the tion. Through a consistent work sticking to messages supporting
different target groups (existing and potential member companies the main strategy, The Paper Province used different tools to build
and public investors). the desired image of its brand via media, such as direct contacts
After identifying a vision and once stated the goals, The Paper with journalists, press releases and debate articles.
Province moved on to creating messages as well as an action plan When getting positive publicity, The Paper Province used press
in order to increase their awareness as much as possible. The main clippings to get even more out of the media coverage, amongst
strategy was to promote the excellence of the cluster, focusing on others by sending them directly to persons within the target groups.
the good effects and results for the member companies, as well as This made it easy for others to speak positively about the cluster
the contribution to regional and national attraction, competitiveness organisation in their networks.
and economic development.
14 In 2005-2010 period the number of press clippings in Swedish
newspapers increased by more than 1300 % (from 33 in 2005 to
paper companies involved in The Paper Province. This has been
translated into an escalation in number of member companies (from
442 in 2009). The interest from Swedish and international pulp and 7 in 1999 to 91 ten years later), international interest, contacts and
paper magazines has also grown, and overall awareness on the visits as well as long-term public investments.
cluster and its activities has increased.
The Paper Province has frequently been described in terms like As a result, by actively planning for and seeking publicity The Pa-
The Hollywood of the pulp and paper industry, comparing it with per Province successfully used strategic communication and PR to
the film industry in California, a region gathering a large number of increase the competitiveness of the cluster and of member compa-
key players in an industry and making it a profitable business. nies, thus contributing to the development of the regional economy.
The successful media coverage has had a number of positive ef- For more information on this case:
fects and has contributed to increasing the benefits for pulp and www.paperprovince.com - info@paperprovince.com
CONSIDER THAT:
It is important creating a branding strategy coherent Branding supports the local economic development;
with the development strategy of the cluster;
It is possible to strongly connect the image of
Marketing actions have to be planned to promote a brand to a specific geographical area
the brand; (e.g. Province).
Visible clusters attract new companies, investments
and resources;
2. How to include new cluster
trends in marketing and branding
BELLUNO BELLUNO
16
linea architettura
Rovereto
public, both in Italy and outside, the region has become the epitome
S. Don di Piave
Cittadella Castelfranco V. Vedelago Paese TREVISO
Valdagno
Malo S. Don di Piave
TREVISO Roncade
Malcesine
Valdagno
Bovolone
Piove di Sacco
Monselice
Bovolone
Legnago
ing and marketing in the very same industries, and the emergence
Este
Chioggia
Isola della Scala
Monselice Cavarzere
ROVIGO
questioned by players in emerging economies. aims at communicating adequately the transition of the economic
The entrepreneurial fabric of the region is undergoing a process of structure of the region from manufacturing to creative industries.
transformation. Existing firms in traditional industries are increas- Started in 2008 by Fuoribiennale, an association of artists and crea-
ingly investing in marketing, design and information technologies, tive professionals gravitating around the Biennale of contemporary
thus shifting their focus from manufacturing to intangible proc- art of Venice, INNOVeTION Valley is based on a Manifesto that was
esses and phases. The outcomes of these processes of upgrading signed by firms, institutions, research centres and universities. The
need to be communicated and promoted. idea behind is to re-brand the North-East of Italy as a creative hub,
The answer to such a demand came out of the self-organisation far from the traditional manufacturing image.
and emergent process of identity construction of the most dynamic The conceptual operation connects the typical specialisations of the
firms and associations of the region. INNOVeTION Valley (where region in mature industries with its artistic and creative liveliness.
INNOVeTION constitutes a conjunction between innovation and Ve Palladio, Tiepolo, and many other relevant artists of the Italian Ren-
as Venice, the capital of the region), is a bottom-up initiative that aissance were from Veneto or worked in the Region, while Venice
is one of the eminent hubs of contemporary and
modern art in the world, technological innovation,
2. Events: given the substantial proximity of the
initiative to the world of contemporary art, Fuori-
17
design and fashion. The entire region is charac- biennale, in collaboration with the actors that
terized by the existence of: subscribed the Manifesto, organised a series of
Ceative hubs, e.g. Venice; national and international events in the most im-
Technological hubs, e.g. scientific and techno- portant places of contemporary art. Events were
logical parks in Venice and Padova; designed as art exhibitions, where artists, entre-
Numerous emerging small firms in tertiary ac- preneurs and professionals explained and made
Please
disturb
tivities, eg communication, marketing, IT; visible the creativity of their products and work.
A changing population of firms operating in the These events are usually very interactive and aim
design, manufacturing and commercialization at creating a conversation on issues such as fash-
of a variety of Made in Italy products. ion cultures, the intersection between contempo-
These elements need to be connected coherent- rary art and industry, sustainability and the like.
ly in order to communicate a new identity of the 3. Internet: both the magazine and the events
region to the relevant constituencies in Italy and organised are communicated through a series of
una mappa del veneto contemporaneo
on foreign markets. INNOVeTION Valley aims at specialised websites, where materials prepared
a map of contemporaneity in veneto
creating this shared identity Veneto as the area with the highest for the events as well as multimedia contents related to the events
degree of creativity in the world, as the payoff of the initiative reads is uploaded, discussed and commented. The websites are also inte-
and promoting it internationally. grated with major social networking tools, such as Facebook, where
As far as the communication and marketing levers are concerned, the initiative started a group participated by hundreds of entrepre-
the initiative aimed at promoting the new identity of the region neurs and subscribers of the Manifesto. The objective of the web
through the following initiatives: initiatives is to keep the conversations started through the magazine
1. INNOVeTION Valley magazine, distributed monthly nationally or the events alive and to consolidate relationships among the mem-
and internationally. The magazine, graphically elaborated and bers of the initiatives.
structured as a high-end lifestyle publication, mixes a variety of INNOVeTION Valley represents an original cluster branding initiative
contents whose objective is that of giving visibility to examples of for several reasons. First, it is an emergent project, started by actors
creativity in the Region: firms, artists, institutions, stories, emerg- gravitating around the world of contemporary art, who wanted to ex-
ing cultures; plicitly describe and communicate the cross-fertilization among typical
18 Made in Italy industries and professionals in the creative industries.
Another element is the geography of the initiative. The project aims at
through events held in the places of art and creativity, e.g. museums.
It uses an evocative register of communication that aims at raising
communicating the complex transformation of the regional economy awareness not only among practitioners but also among the gen-
through the explication and the clear narration of dynamics involving eral public. The magazine and the events are strongly influenced,
the world of art and creativity and firms in traditional industries. Such in terms of their structure, objectives, visual styles and the like, by
dynamics are happening at the intersection of many clusters. While publications on the fashion industry: a strong reliance on graphics,
clusters are clearly recognisable and one of the strengths of the re- vivid and creative accounts of economic facts, detailed presenta-
gional economy, INNOVeTION Valley clearly states that there is an tions of firms and entrepreneurs as if they were artists and ateliers.
inter-cluster space within which cross-fertilization and renewal is hap- This initiative was launched to valorise the existing skills and compe-
pening. The space is a metropolitan area that comprises major centres tences of those manufacturing firms which were already very strong in
such as Venice, Treviso, Padova, Vicenza and many small towns in design and communication (even though their core business is manu-
the region. The geography of the creative dynamics is neither stable facturing) and the investment was directed to increase the awareness
nor fixed. It is the adherence to the objective of the initiative to deter- of such competences, link together and connect them also to the re-
mine the boundaries of the Valley and its geography varies in time. search institutes specialized in the area. In this framework, the pur-
The levers and strategies used for communication and promotion pose of the policy support is enabling a bottom-up initiative that aims
are a third element of originality of the initiative. Instead of the tradi- at communicating adequately the transition of the economic structure
tional levers of territorial and cluster marketing, e.g. industry events, of the region from manufacturing to creative industries.
technical publications oriented to professionals and practitioners,
the initiative aims at constructing a creative identity for the region For more information on this case: www.innovetionvalley.com
CONSIDER THAT:
Clusters represent very fluid phenomena: new Clusters can determine the landscape of a territory
networks and new aggregations can appear quickly economic evolution;
modifying radically the previous structure; Policy makers have to intercept the evolution of the
If it is up to the business level to catch the change and territory to create and consolidate regional branding
adapt, it is within the duties of policy makers to havea role strategies connected to the clusters ones.
in branding these initiatives;
3. Branding? marketing? promotion?
Lets set up the scene
through marketing you will set the goals and the actions according
to the different targets you have defined as strategic but on the top
you need to have in mind the value and the position of your brand to
identify what you are, how you are perceived and what you strive to
achieve for in the future.
since clusters are embedded in their respective territories and often supported
by public administrations, the branding process should take into account also the
branding strategy of the place in which they are located.
PLACE BRAND
More and more often countries, regions and territorial entities have
or are developing strategies to brand themselves to communicate
their excellences and their quality as place to live in, in order to at-
tract new companies or investors and reinforce the communitys Branding is a strategic process that should include not only the view
self-awareness. of the cluster organization and its members but also the perspective
of the stakeholders (including policy makers). It has to take into ac-
in this case the branding strategy of the clusters and of the territorial area in count the economical context in which the cluster is located.
which they are located should be harmonized to avoid confused messages and to It is also relevant to decide how to proceed to include these wide
dilute reciprocally the respective brands. and multi-faced views and goals.
CASE SILICON SAXONY. A LAYERED BRANDING STRATEGY
gion and reminds of the white/green colour of the regions flag, with
the apiary evoking the industriousness of Saxon people.
21
Further to the introduction of this new branding strategy at Saxony
level, the communication materials of the Silicon Saxony clus-
ter included both visual identity images in the attempt to preserve
The Saxony case presents an example of layering of different the messages behind them. The Silicon Saxony and the Saxony!
branding strategies worked out at different times. brands were presented along with in the same materials. As a re-
Silicon Saxony e.V., a network associating nearly 300 commercial sult, the MICRO! location concept, consistent with the Saxony!
enterprises and research institutions, is the worlds fifth largest clus- corporate identity, co-existed with the Silicon Saxony My Favorite
ter in the microelectronics industry. Silicon Saxonys members em- Place logo.
ploy 40,000 people, 20,000 of which work in Saxony. The term was
coined by a reporter at TIME magazine in April 1998 after a visit to SAXONY-ANHALT
AMD (Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.), a company that was just set- BRANDENBURG
with Silicon Valley and the media popularity already gained, in-
stead of elaborating its own branding strategy.
In 2008 Saxony Economic Development Corporation, the govern- MICRO!
mental agency for economic promotion, adopted a new corporate MICROELECTRONICS /ICT IN SAXONY
CZECH REPUBLIC
11/2010
22
CONSIDER THAT:
Cluster marketing and branding can be a powerful communication tool if it is in line with the regional innovation strategy
for smart specialisation;
The synergic branding and marketing initiatives of cluster organisations, cluster members and public authorities reinforce
reciprocally their identities;
Using elements taken from the tradition to promote clusters connected to technology and innovation is original and appealing;
Organising promotional initiatives targeted to the community (museums, awards, events for children, training...) is important to
consolidate the image of the cluster internally (in place where the cluster is located).
Using elements taken from the tradition to promote clusters connected to technology and innovation is original and appealing;
Organising promotional initiatives targeted to the community (museums, awards, events for children, training...) is important to
consolidate the image of the cluster internally (in place where the cluster is located).
26 3.2. THE BRAND BUILDING PROCESS BRANDED HOUSE AND HOUSE OF BRANDS
The issue is also called the dilemma of Branded House vs House of Brands.
Although cluster branding and promotion are perceived as relevant In the first case the company is the brand. All products and services within that company are
issues by practitioners, the available literature is very poor; con- subsets of the primary brand.
Although many product lines exist, their marketing strategy has to be consistent and encom-
cepts and methodologies have therefore to be taken from business
pass the branding strategy of the house.
branding and adapted to the cluster approach. This strategy has the benefit to allow scale economy, lowering the costs of brand building for
This adjustment however is not simple at all because while brand- all the lines and focusing only to build and sustain the image and the values of the primary
ing and marketing of products and services are managed by a brand. In the mind of consumers the brand value so built is automatically transferred to all the
products.
unique organization, managing the marketing and the branding of
clusters implies to include the view and the commitment of a variety
of actors that might have or prefer their own marketing and brand-
ing strategy.
In some way the same issue is handled by global companies which
have to decide which strategy to pursue to sustain their corporate
brand and simultaneously to expand the brand value and identity
for their multiple product lines. A good example of a branded house is Sony.
Clusters are facing a similar problem because they need to find a
sound compromise to make the brands of the members visible and
The House of Brands strategy instead goes around the multiple sub-brands. Each brand has
to sustain the brand of the cluster itself on the other hand. This is- it is own strategy, brand positioning and marketing while the primary brand is less known and
sue is quite critical because clusters have the goal to boost the de- low attention is given to increase its awareness.
velopment and the innovation of the companies and the members
which could be competing in the same market.
This is the reason why sometimes, especially when there are well
known and strong companies, it is preferred to put emphasis on the
brands of the companies themselves. The cluster is then seen as
the framework or the label the companies use to increase the level
of their visibility. This strategy might be risky for clusters because
if the brand of the cluster loses its importance, it loses also its role A good example of this strategy is Procter & Gamble
and its capacity to attract new members will decay.
On the contrary, when the members of the cluster are mainly small
27
and local companies, the cluster often opts toward a strategy that
valorizes the brand of the cluster itself. In this case, the companies
brands benefit indirectly from the reputation of the cluster brand and
from being part of the same branding strategy.
A good balance should be to integrate the two strategies so that,
at the same time, the cluster can be strong enough to attract new
qualified members and the visibility of the members brands con-
tribute and reinforce the whole strategy. For instance it is worth to
clarify and visualize the positioning and the added value that each
member brings to the cluster.
Anyway it has to be taken into account that while for global compa-
nies the strategy is decided at the top management level and then
consistently applied for the whole corporation, for clusters there is
the need to build the strategy upon a strong commitment.
CASE RE. BUILDING A VISION, BUILDING A DESTINATION
Responsible: Skistar - Holiday Club Responsible: re Local Authority Responsible: refretagarna Responsible: re Local Authority,
(hte local business association) refretagarna, Peak Innovation
CONSIDER THAT:
To build consensus on the brand strategy you need: Shared vision and identity;
Supportive institutional framework;
Close collaboration among the actors (with a
strong leadership from the private side);
Broad community involvement;
Formal and informal flows of information.
1
Nordin S., Tourism Clustering and Innovation, European Tourism Research Institute Mid-Sweden University, stersund, 2003.
2
From a presentation of Jan Andersson, Destination re and Peak Innovation, slides 18-19-20.
3
Peak Innovation, one of the eleven Vinnvxt clusters, is located in the region. The aim of the cluster is to stimulate research and business development in the areas of tourism, sports and the outdoors.
Peak Innovation is funded by Vinnova and Vinnvxt since 2005 but started a long time before that and is a result of several years work with mobilisation of the actors and the skills in the region.
CASE PLASTIC LOCATION UPPER AUSTRIA. AN EXAMPLE OF REGIONAL BRANDING THROUGH LOCATION DEVELOPMENT
CONSIDER THAT:
Clear definition of goals, responsibilities, milestones and timelines help to implement the project. Professional project
management and clear responsibilities are necessary;
Organisation an entity responsible for sustaining the message (and the quality of the experience) over a long term
Continuous dialogue of politicians, public authorities, economy, researcher community, education organisations and
intermediates creates broad acceptance for the project.
3.3. VISION AND IDENTITIES CONSOLIDATION
The process to define the brand usually starts with the elaboration For instance, the concept of Valley is used in many cluster logos
35
of a statement in which the key elements are included: because it is easily connected to the Silicon Valley example. This
1 Vision: the image you would like to transmit to your key audi- association gives to the cluster a sort of reputation. Besides the
ence: it is also a perspective toward the future; idea of the valley, a strong emphasis is put on the territorial con-
2 Mission: what you are doing; the purpose and the standards tiguity; it suggests that a critical mass of specialized companies is
against which you assess and balance your initiatives; located in a geographical specific area as well as (like in the Silicon
3 Values: the attitude and the key issues around which the strat- Valley) the innovation milieu is particularly positive and attractive.
egy is built.
Source:www.plasticvision.be/en
To create their identities, several clusters have used
the strategy to replicate consolidated templates and Since the valleys are proliferated year by year it is now quite chal-
mimic well-established and known cases. lenging to communicate their uniqueness and distinctive features,
thus other words should be chosen to create a positive identity.
CASE THE CRASHING STRATEGY OF TUCSON OPTICS VALLEY
36 More than 350 optics firms located in Southern Arizona, the majority
of them in Tucson, form the worldwide known Optics Valley. The term
dates back to 1992, year of creation of the cluster leading association
AOIA (Arizona Optics Industry Association). Arizona optics compa-
nies employ around 25,000 people, with a total annual revenue of
$2.3 billion, which has increased almost ten times until 2006.
41
The Glass Valley is the French world-class cluster of luxury glass is the reason why the cluster is also known as the Bresle Valley. The
bottles for perfumes and spirits. Its history dates back to 1999, when first glass-makers extracted the fluvial sand, recognized for its high
a local productive system was created (systme productif local), pureness, to fuse it into glass and used the surrounding forest of Eu
and later on 2001 when the association District de la Valle de la to get the wood for stocking the ovens.
Bresle was established with the aim to promote exchanges be- The companies represented in the Glass Valley belong to the whole
tween the glass companies, to support them in gaining productivity value chain: model and pattern makers, foundries, mold makers,
and to help them valorizing their know-how. The cluster, gathering glassmakers, sorters, decorators, accessories, filling and packag-
65 companies and more than 7.000 specialized employees, pro- ing, services to companies, artists and craftsmen, heritage promo-
duces approximately 75% to 80% of the world production of luxury tion, designers. The existence of a common tradition and history is
bottling, thus being an indisputable world leader in the sector. the main feature of the Valley, with all companies sharing the same
The Valley is located in the north-east of France between two re- values and having the same ideas on the innovation and growth
gions (High Normandy and Picardy), whose economic development strategy of the cluster. Another distinctive feature of the cluster is
has been relevantly supported by the glass industry. that companies in it possess complementary skills: this is not only
Many of the companies belonging to the cluster have lined the Bresle a gluing element for the cluster but it also provides an added value
river since the Middle Ages and they are mostly located between Le in front of end consumers.
Trport and Feuquires but also around Dieppe and Abbeville. This The branding strategy of the cluster has been relying on its histori-
42 Le Cornet. Glass factories began as little workshops, which had
throne pot ovens in the middle. The work was often painful for the
8-10 year old children who came from Brittany, Spain, Portugal
or Italy. They had to open and close molds and transport objects
in the arc. Often near the house of the head-glassmaker, was a
small castle, like the Glass factory of La Grande Valle. On the
Paris road, close to the glassworks and the castle, there was a
grocers shop, pub, bakery, etc. Here the glassmakers could live
by themselves.
The promotion of the historical heritage of the cluster
Two museums devoted to the glass industry are open to the
public at Eu (muse Traditions verrires) and at Blangy-sur-
cal roots, thus promoting a strong relation with the territory where Bresle (at the manoir de Fontaine).
the companies are located. In fact, among its major partners are the
Regions of High Normandy and Picardy which, together with the STORY TELLING AND CLUSTERS
state, have sustained both politically and financially the develop- The storytelling is a technique able to expand and strengthen the process of brand
building: copy strategy, storyboards, and claims are nothing more than the ingredients
ment programmes of the cluster (VICTOR programme and Glass of the narrative of a brand. Also clusters may refer to their historical origin, to their
Innov triennial plan of action), but have also intervened to support founders or tell the culture and identity that have led to the development. What matters
the sector in a slump period. is that it is consistent with the strategy and values of the cluster.
Storytelling supports the brand because is a way to differentiate themselves and to en-
Several elements make part of the branding strategy of the Glass gage more directly their stakeholders and clients: the stories are memorable, exciting,
Valley: evocative, credible, empathetic, viral.
The broad use of the storytelling techniques Stories and storytelling are a central part of organizational life. Traditionally has been
referred to storytelling as a tool to form the corporate culture and influence behavior of
The clusters website proposes a catchy and popular story of
people at work. However, recently it was recognized that storytelling can also perform
the creation and consolidation of the glass industry in the Bresle other functions: drive in solving problems and making decisions, generating commit-
Valley, starting from the Middle Ages. ment to change and then can become the means of sharing knowledge.
On the eve of the French Revolution, several glassmakers The telling of a story should not be seen only as a narration written to define the image-
ry representing the clusters values: the evocative power of words should be interpreted
worked in the valley of Bresle: Varimpr, Le Courval, La Grande and repeated across all elements of the communication strategy such as a video, a
Valle, Rtonval, Val dAulnoy, Romesnil, Sainte-Catherine and postcard, a newspaper page or a web page.
They show the history of glass and bottle-making, the different stag-
es of the process (from the base materials through to packaging),
encouraging them to look for new markets and to diversify their
customer portfolios. The traditional end customers are French per-
43
the tools and modern machines, the collections of perfume bottles fumers, who already have massive visibility in the international mar-
and demonstrations of glass-blowing by experts and they are a not kets, but Bresle Valley glassmakers have the ambition to diversify
to be missed stop in a touristic trip of the area. their markets and they are willing to conquer emerging markets,
The Glass Valley is also a partner of the Manoir de la Fontaine, a such as the Asian and the Middle East ones.
dynamic non-profit association which animates a rich programme Thus the Glass Valley is represented, jointly with several members
of cultural activities and promotes diverse demonstrations such of the cluster, in the most important international fairs of luxury, in
as temporary exhibitions and the organization of the Feast of the particular in Monaco and Dubai. In order to increase the visibility
glass taking place every year, the second weekend of August. of the companies located in the Bresle Valley, all companies rep-
The heritage promotion is also ensured by the collection of histori- resented in the fairs are recognizable through the presence of the
cal postcards of the glass factories of the Valley. clusters logo next to the companys logo.
With this strategy, the cluster wants to keep the focus on the small
and medium sized companies, which form the largest part of it, For more information on this case: www.la-glass-vallee.com
CONSIDER THAT:
It is sometimes possible to create a cluster brand that is located in two different regions;
The storytelling technique is useful to catch the imagination of the audience and communicate intangible values;
This is a good example to show that it is possible to balance the visibility of the cluster and that of the companies;
If the cluster opts to structure its brand strategy on values linked with the tradition and the history of its place, it is worth
to support the preservation of such a heritage through ad hoc initiatives (creation of museums, visual instruments,
dissemination events).
CASE A SPARKLING REGION. THE REFERENCE TO THE TERRITORY
45
The cluster of Prosecco 4 in Conegliano Valdobbiadene is a real This territorial system, made up of heterogeneous actors, was rec-
self-contained economic system. ognized in 2003 as the First Sparkling Wine District of Italy, a desig-
Thanks to the wine production that is the core business of the clus- nation that has opened up possibilities for developing economic and
ter, many related activities have started up, so as to create a verita- scientific research projects as well as promotional programmes.
ble value chain. For instance, member of the cluster are the compa- The core focus in the cluster brand strategy is the territory, which
nies that design and manufacture winemaking machinery together is recognized as the catalyst of the business and as viable tool to
with some of the most important firms producing technology for vine- increase the awareness of the Prosecco cluster brand itself.
yards and wineries around the world, as well as laboratories provid-
ing analyses and companies supplying winemaking products and At a previous time the nobles met in the halls of castles and villas,
services. Also of great importance is the role played by the scientific in the area around Conegliano-Valdobbiadene to celebrate, to so-
institutions, which each year train young professionals, and by the cialize and enjoy the pleasures of hospitality. Nowadays we invite
local institutions, which defend and promote the identity of the area. people into a great hall: the territory of Conegliano and Valdobbia-
The Prosecco cluster includes also the main players in the hospital- dene in which the typical product is not just Prosecco but the terri-
ity and accommodation sector, including restaurants, wine shops, tory, the tradition and the culture.
trattorie and agriturismi, where a glass of fragrant, bubbly wine pro-
vides an excellent welcome. The brand value is also focused on the quality of the product (due
also to the long tradition and the certified labellization). Besides,
emphasis is given to the association of this sparkling wine with the
suggestion of luxury, in the sense of pleasure and wellbeing, the
46
CONSIDER THAT:
heritage of noble castles, the colourful and charming landscape For some clusters, especially those anchored to the
where the Prosecco has been produced for centuries. values of their territory, it is strategic to promote the
Since the brand is so strictly connected to the territory, the market- place in order to reinforce their brand.
ing actions are therefore directed to preserve and promote the area This is a win-win situation because also the public
itself (that now is in the tentative World Heritage List). For instance, administration can count on a positive impact in terms
in 2003 the Prosecco wine road was established, going through of tourist presence, increase in attractiveness etc.;
the whole area and driving the guest along the routes to discover the
historic and artistic sights, as well as the most prestigious cellars. A cluster brand that is based on the territory implies a
strong commitment of all the actors, private and public,
For more information on this case: and a strong self awareness of the community.
www.prosecco.it; info@prosecco.it
4
Prosecco is a sparkling wine produced in a very defined area in Veneto
3.4. MAKING USE OF THE BRAND 47
Once the brand (as well as its identity and the core values) is con- to strengthen interest, commitment and engagement within the
ceptualized and shared among the members and the stakeholders cluster;
and the strategy is well developed, it is worth to plan the activities to further anchor and clarify/cement the cluster initiatives strat-
needed to make use of it. egy;
to recruit new members to the cluster;
it is important to start with a marketing plan in order to plan and synchronize the to increase visibility in the global market;
activities to promote and consolidate the brand. to increase attractiveness (i.e. attract human resources, part-
ners, investors, etc.); and
The marketing plan is a strategic approach to define the goals, the to foster inter-cluster linkages.
key target groups, the channels and the promotional activities. It is
also a tool to manage and monitor the budget as well as the timing It is important that the marketing plan follows and interacts with the
of the activities. strategic plan and the branding strategy otherwise the market-
Target groups can include: existing cluster members, potential clus- ing and branding can be a total failure (for instance the brand con-
ter members, financiers (including government on different levels), solidation toward members has to be done before you try to reach
owners, policy stakeholders, the press, as well as potential employ- external actors.)
ees/human resources or partners (including those located outside Several marketing levers and promotional actions can be used, in
of the region). fact, but they should be selected accordingly to the branding strat-
For each target group, the objectives of the communication activities egy. In general, clusters firstly work on a visual coordinated image
need to be agreed to guide the choice of tools and channels (e.g. of the cluster (logo, brochures, posters, roll-up videos etc.) but in-
web, print, events, etc.) and the timing of the marketing activities. deed many novel channels and tools need to be used to increase
Clusters can use the identified brands and marketing strategy for a the visibility of the cluster and to consolidate their brand images.
number of purposes:
CASE ESTONIAN TIMBER CONSTRUCTION CLUSTER. EMOTIONS IN PICTURES
49
The Estonian timber construction cluster is a typical example of a The country carried out the Brand Estonia project in early 2000s,
small and recently established cluster which needs a strategic brand producing the Estonia Style brandbook. The main concepts includ-
design in order to differentiate itself from the plethora of similar clus- ed in it have been embraced by the Timber construction cluster, in
ters in the same geographic area. In fact, timber clusters are a con- particular:
stant element in North European countries. Moreover, the cluster Clear communication;
operates in the framework of a small country, Estonia, which is itself Rootedness (history, language, indigenous culture, natural, he-
striving for gaining external recognition but also national self-aware- roic, romantic, traditions, heritage, civilization);
ness (one concept of the I love Estonia brand is rootedness). Nordic influence (clean, northern, purity, freshness, quality,
strength, clarity, nature, elegance, simplicity);
The cluster aims at promoting the partners and their products/serv- Progress (first, fast, infrastructure, business environment, adapt-
ices on export markets and at enhancing the image of the wood as ability, creativity, modernity, resourcefulness).
building material on the domestic market. In fact, the use of tim-
ber for building purposes in Estonia is not as common as it is in Location matters and the image of the cluster focus on it with a
other Northern countries (i.e. Sweden or Finland) and the need to photo- and video story. The idea is quite simple: the business en-
conquer the internal market is as pressing as it is penetrating the vironment is based on unique natural resources, competence and
external market. common values. The branding strategy deliberately avoids to use
50 long written descriptions (words could tell the same story for several
other countries or regions in Northern Europe), but it aims to cap-
targeted products. Wood is considered in terms of furniture, log
houses, architecture and design connection.
ture the attention of the receiver with pictures conveying positive At the same time, the internal market is addressed. Wood is the re-
emotions. source of the future: sustainable, renewable, environmental-friendly
As a consequence, the belonging to the Nordic area is communi- and handy.
cated as a positive and adding-value element, which concurs to
consolidate the role of Estonia as a timber constructions producer. For more information on this case:
What is more, the cluster focuses on personalized and specifically www.estoniantimber.ee ; info@empl.ee
CASE DESIGN DISTRICT HELSINKI. DESIGN EMBEDDED IN EVERYDAY LIFE
Baltfood network was born as a project under the Baltic Sea Region
Programme 2007-2013 with the aim to establish the food industry
55
in the Baltic region as a source of affordable, high-quality products
mainly for the regional market. Bringing together partners repre-
senting business, research and public bodies from six countries,
Baltfood wants to enhance the competitiveness of the food industry
in an increasingly competitive market with some 80 million consum-
ers. The network engages in research and analysis activities useful
to quickly recognize trends in the food sector, and advises SMEs in
the realization of marketable products for the international markets.
The forward-looking studies and services provided by Baltfood are
complemented by a special attention paid to the development of a
joint place branding concept for the transnational food cluster, in or-
der to increase the awareness on the potential outcomes of such
synergy. This place branding concept takes into account the common
belonging of the partners to the Baltic region and the sharing of com-
mon values and traditions. The basis for the Baltfood brand rests on:
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and Branding, Venice 28-29 October 2010.
TACTICS Reflection Group Task Force on Supporting Cluster Marketing and Branding, Input Paper for Task Force Workshop.
enice 28-29 October 2010, 2010.
Thaln J., Trostemo P., Peak Innovation Summary, stersund, 2011.
Welz M., Weldstadt Hamburg A case of tactical marketing?, School of Business, Stockholm University Research report n. 2011-01.
Williams M., From white spot to World Class Cluster, presentation at Workshop of the TACTICS Task Force on Supporting Cluster Marketing and
Branding, Venice 28-29 October 2010.
Zyglidopoulos S.C., DeMartino R., McHardy Reid D., Top of Mind. Cluster Reputation as a Facilitator in the Internationalization of Small and
Medium-Sized Enterprises, Corporate Reputation Review (2006) 9, 79 - 87.
Linkology
Austria
Clusterland Upper Austria
Helsinki Design Week
www.helsinkidesignweek.com
Invest in Saxony
www.invest-in-saxony.net
67
www.clusterland.at Helsinki Expert Saxony Economic Development Corporation
Plastic Location Upper Austria www.helsinkiexpert.com www.wfs.sachsen.de
www.kunststoff-cluster.at World Design Capital Helsinki 2012 Silicon Saxony Cluster
TMG Upper Austrias location and www.wdchelsinki2012.fi www.silicon-saxony.de
innovation agency Spitzencluster initiative
www.tmg.at France www.hightech-strategie.de
La Glass Valle
Estonia www.la-glass-vallee.com Italy
Cluster Conference Inspiring Clusters in the Les ples de comptitivit Valenza Jewelry Cluster
Beginning of the New Decade, Tallin, March 2011 www.competitivite.gouv.fr www.divalenza.it
www.clusterconference.eu INNOVeTION VALLEY
Enterprise Estonia Germany www.innovetionvalley.com
www.eas.ee Bwcon: Baden-Wrttemberg connected National Observatory for Industrial Clusters
Estonian Forest and Wood Industries Association www.bwcon.de www.osservatoriodistretti.org
www.empl.ee Cool Silicon Cluster Conegliano Valdobbiadene Prosecco Cluster
Estonian Timber Cluster www.cool-silicon.de www.prosecco.it
www.estoniantimber.ee Kompetenznetze Deutschland
www.kompetenznetze.de Norway
Finland Faszination-fuer-technik programme ARENA programme
City of Helsinki www.faszination-fuer-technik.de www.ekstranett.innovasjonnorge.no/
www.hel.fi Hamburg Aviation Cluster templates/Page_Meta____57487.aspx
Food Sightseeing www.hamburg-luftfahrtstandort.de Innovation Norway, National Agency for Innovation
www.foodsightseeing.fi Hamburg Marketing GmbH www.innovasjonnorge.no
Helsinki Design District www.marketing.hamburg.de Norwegian Centres for Expertise
www.designdistrict.fi www.nce.no
68 Sweden
Are Municipality
General websites related to clusters
and branding
www.are.se Brand Channel OECD
Paper Province Cluster www.brandchannel.com www.oecd.org
www.paperprovince.com Brand Driven Innovation PRO INNO EUROPE
VINNOVA www.branddriveninnovation.com www.proinno.net
www.vinnova.se EUC2C, Inter-sectoral group of organisations TCI Network
for innovation and competitiveness in companies www.tci-network.org
Spain www.euc2c.com The Financial Brand
22 Barcelona project European Cluster Collaboration Platform www.thefinancialbrand.com
www.22barcelona.com www.clustercollaboration.eu U Brander
ACC1 Catalan Agency for Innovation and www.ubrander.wordpress.com
Competitiveness European Cluster Observatory
www.acc10.cat/ACC1O/cat www.clusterobservatory.eu
Bephysic Medicon Valley Alliance
www.physicbcn.net www.mva.org
Generalitat de Catalunya Nation Branding
www.gencat.cat www.nation-branding.info
Glossary of key terms
Brand
Mixture of attributes, tangible and intangible, syn-
Cluster members or constituents
Cluster members or better constituents (since to
Cluster Organisation
Cluster initiatives are increasingly managed by
69
thetized in a symbol, which creates value and in- be part you do not need to sign a membership) specialised institutions, known as cluster organi-
fluence. include end product or service companies; suppli- sations, which take various forms, ranging from
ers of specialized inputs, components, machinery, non-profit associations, through public agencies
Branded House and services; financial institutions; and firms in re- to companies. (EC Communication: Towards
When the company brand is the dominant source lated industries. Clusters also often include firms world-class clusters in the European Union: Im-
of identification and meaning, and all product and in downstream industries (that is, channels or cus- plementing the broad-based innovation strat-
service brands are clearly connected and coher- tomers); producers of complementary products; egy- SEC(2008) 2637} 17 October 2008, p.8). A
ent to it. specialized infrastructure providers; government Cluster Organisation does not necessarily have
and other institutions providing specialized train- members, but it provides services to the cluster
Brand Equity ing, education, information, research and techni- initiative participants.
The value, both tangible and intangible, that a cal support (such as universities, think tanks, vo- Note: Cluster organisations have different names
brand adds to a product/service. cational training providers); and standard setting in different countries, e.g. comptitivit ples, cen-
agencies. Government agencies that significantly tres of expertise, innovation networks and compe-
Branding influence a cluster can be considered part of it. Fi- tence networks etc.
The active process of brand development. nally, many clusters include trade associations and
other collective private sector bodies that support Cluster Development
Brand Strategy cluster members. (Michael E. Porter, On Competi- The cluster development process encompasses
A plan for the systematic development of a brand tion, Harvard Business Press, 1998, p.215-216). a range of organised efforts aimed at increasing
to enable it to meet its agreed objectives. the growth and competitiveness of the organisa-
Cluster Initiative tions in the cluster. Efforts are usually based on
Cluster Cluster initiative: an organised effort to increase an evaluation of the clusters strengths and capa-
A cluster is a geographical proximate group of the growth and competitiveness of a cluster within bilities (a mapping exercise), from which a vision
interconnected companies and associated institu- a region, involving cluster firms, government and/ for the cluster is formulated and objectives articu-
tions in a particular field, linked by commonalities or the research community. (rjan Slvell, Gran lated. Targets and actions plans specific to indi-
and externalities. (Michael E. Porter, On Compe- Lindqvist and Christian Ketels, The Cluster Initia- vidual clusters are developed. Results are then
tition, Harvard Business Press, 1998, p.215) tive Greenbook, Vinnova/TCI, 2003. monitored and evaluated.
70 Cluster Manager
The Cluster Manager is the head of a Cluster Or-
Innovation
Innovation is what drives productivity/competi-
Location branding (or place branding)
The practice of branding geographic locations
ganisation. The term can also refer to all senior tiveness and prosperity. It is the creation, de- (countries, regions, cities and towns) as a key
members of staff in a Cluster Organisation. velopment and implementation of new products, driver for tourism, inward investment and/or ex-
processes or services, with the aim of improving port revenue. It is related to the notion that places
Cluster Members efficiency, effectiveness or competitive advan- compete with other places for people, resources,
Cluster Members are the Businesses, universi- tage. Innovation may apply to products, services, and business.
ties, policy makers, other public sector organisa- manufacturing processes, managerial processes
tions and other private sector organisations that or the design of an organisation. It is most often Policy maker
actively participate in a Cluster Initiative. They viewed at a product or process level, where prod- A person with the power to influence or determine
may pay a membership fee to the Cluster Organi- uct innovation satisfies a customers needs and policies and practices at an international, national,
sation. process innovation improves efficiency and effec- regional, or local level.
tiveness. Innovation is linked to creativity and the
Corporate Identity creation of new ideas, and involves taking those Storytelling
It is consists of the elements by which the compa- new ideas and turning them into reality through It is a means for sharing and interpreting experi-
ny/cluster differentiates itself from other organiza- invention, research and naew product develop- ences. In advertising, storytelling is a technique
tions and it tells how it wishes to be viewed by oth- ment. (Source: Economist.com). One output of used to create emotional power and build cus-
ers, and how others recognize and remember it. innovation is the creation of new firms through tomer loyalty.
spinouts or start-ups. Innovation can also change
House of Brands the structure of an industry. Umbrella brand
A house of brands is when a major brand adds It is an overarching brand used across multiple
new products but labels them with distinct brand Cluster labellization related products.
identities. Policy action aimed at empowering existing clusters.
Visual Identity
It consists of the visual aesthetic of the brand
meaning, among other things, its logo, logotypes,
symbols, colours, and other visual elements.
TACTICS consortium
71
Isabelle Lebo Michel Ganoote Cecilia Johansson Emily Wise Anke Iris Reingruber
(coordinator) (former coordinator) Merkl-Rachbauer
Bill Greenhalgh Annie Renders Eric Sleeckx Ivan Boesso Maria Sole DOrazio Dorota Fraczek