Outline

Introduction
Why transparent conducting oxides
Why Indium tin oxide (ITO)
Characteristics of Indium tin oxide (ITO)
Why Zinc oxide (ZnO)
Characteristics of ZnO
Schema of a organic solar structure
Working principle
Problems to overcome
Methods use
Conclusion and perspectives
 Introduction

Organic photo voltaic devices offer great

technological potential to make renewable
sources of electrical energy.
The potential of organic photo voltaic resides in

their low cost, not because of the low price of the

materials applied but due to printing techniques
applied for their fabrication.
However they exist some challengers to

overcome in order to improve the efficiency and

lifetime of solar cell.
 Transparent conducting oxides

Transparent conducting oxides (TCOs) are

widely used as electrodes in a large variety of
optoelectronics devices due to their unique
combination of optical and electrical properties.
High transparency is the visible range.
High electrical conductivity
Example of TCOs are ITO, Zno and SnO2 etc
 Why Indium Tin oxide (ITO)

Since several years ITO attracts a lot of

attention .
Potential properties
Potential application like in display screen ,
solar cell etc.
 Characteristics of Indium tin oxide
(ITO)
Indium tin oxide (ITO) is an n-type semiconductor.
low electrical resistivity of the order of 10-4 ohm
cm.
high carrier concentration.
Indium Tin oxide has a wide band-gap (Eg=4.1eV)
deposited at high substrate temperature around
400C
 Why Zinc Oxide (ZnO)

ZnO hexagonal crystal structure.

Very abundant
Not toxic
Very cheap
Show exception proprieties
Potential candidate for replacing ITO.
 Crystal structure of ZnO

 Characteristic of ZnO

It is transparent to visible light

electrode in solar cell
ZnO is a II-VI n-type semiconductor.
having a direct band gap of 3.3 eV at room temperature.
His exciton binding energy is 60meV
The electrical resistivity of ZnO is determined by
rho=1/N*e*m*u,
Low temperature chemical-vapor deposition at (150 C)
Schema of a organic solar structure
Working principle
 Problems to overcome

Photon absorption doesn't means generation

of free charges carriers.
High binding energy of the exciton
Dissociation of the exciton at the interface with
a substantial energy lost.
The diffusion lengths of exciton and free charge
carriers are very small campare to the
penetration depth of the photon.
Methods use
 Conclusion and perspectives

Understanding the processes happening at the

interface in a key issue in order to improve the
conversion efficiencies or organic solar cell.
We will need also a deep understand how to
solve the exteriors factors effects on solar cell .
We can see again the influence of dopant in our
electrode .