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SUMMARY
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Experiment 2A: Effect of RTD on the Reaction in a CSTR
1.0 RESULTS
Reactor volume= 10 L Flowrate = 200 mL/min
Table 1: Result of Experiment for Flowrate of 200 Ml/Min
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Experiment 2A: Effect of RTD on the Reaction in a CSTR
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Experiment 2A: Effect of RTD on the Reaction in a CSTR
Table 3: Reaction Rate Constant and Rate of Reaction for Each of the Flowrate
Flowrate (mL/min) Reaction Rate Constant, K (1/s.M) Rate of Reaction, -rA (mol/L.s)
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Experiment 2A: Effect of RTD on the Reaction in a CSTR
60
50.77
50 46.19
40.95
40
Conversion, X (%)
35.7
29.71
30 y = 1.3837x + 5.685
R = 0.9656
22.69
20
13.19
10
0
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Time, t (min)
Figure 1: Relationship between reaction time and conversion for 200 mL/min
60
50
40.18 40.53 41.28
37.88
Conversion, X (%)
40
32.58
30 y = 1.2366x + 11.757
R = 0.7558
19.69
20
10
0
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Time, t (min)
Figure 2: Relationship between reaction time and conversion for 300 mL/min
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Experiment 2A: Effect of RTD on the Reaction in a CSTR
Continuous stirrer tank reactors (CSTRs) are a reactor that basically builds up
from a reactor and a mixer such as a propeller or stirrer. The additional of mixer is
intended to an instant blending of feed chemical. Two feed chemicals in this were
introduced simultaneously in the reactor for this experiment. The composition of the
mixture is uniform across whole reactor. Also, with the same properties at the outlet
stream.
The main objective of this saponification process between NaOH and Et(Ac)
are to determine the effect of RTD on the reaction in CSTR. Other than that, the effect
of different residence time on the conversion and the reaction rate constant are
determined.
The experiment was conducted with two different flow rates which are
200mL/min and 300mL/min. The concentration for NaOH then was finds using the
calibration curve. For flow rate 200mL/min, the NaOH maximum concentration
0.03888 M which at the minutes 0 and he lowest is at 35th minutes with value 0.01914
M. Meanwhile for 300L/min flow rate, the highest concentration is also at minutes 0
with concentration of 0.01737 M and lowest is at 30 th minutes with concentration of
0.01020 M. Both of the concentration was seems to decrease over time which shows
the NaOH had occurred saponification process and reduce in concentration.
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Experiment 2A: Effect of RTD on the Reaction in a CSTR
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Experiment 2A: Effect of RTD on the Reaction in a CSTR
As for the conclusion, this experiment had been proven for the effect of RTD on
the reaction in a CSTR affect the saponification reaction between NaOH and Et( Ac ),
residence time on the extent of conversion and the rate of constant. Based from the
results, the higher the flow rate, the shorter the time taken for the reaction to happen
until the point that it achieved a steady conductivity value. The k value is 0.149 1/s.M
at 200 mL/min while 0.8724 1/s.M for the k value at 300mL/min. The highest
conversion in this experiment was at minutes 35, for 200mL/min which is 50.77%. As
for the lowest was at 300mL/min at minutes 30 which is 41.28%. The average
residence time is higher at 200mL/min which is 24.69 minutes compared to
300mL/min, 16.49 minutes. As the residence time increase, the conversion also
increase.
As for the recommendation, there are a few aspects that need to be considered
as to make this experiment more efficient. Firstly, we need to make sure the solution
that been used measured properly as we want to prevent any error in the results. Our
eyes also need to be perpendicular to the scale as to avoid the parallax error. We also
need to make sure the feed stock is sufficient until the conductivity is constant. Last
but not least, we need to make sure as the flow rate always at the desired flow rate or
in range as for a better results due to the inconsistent of the valves.
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Experiment 2A: Effect of RTD on the Reaction in a CSTR
4.0 Tutorial
Advantages Disadvantages
High in the volumetric unit of the Poor temperature control
conversion
Heat transfer rate increased using Undesired thermal gradient may exist in
more, thin tubes or fewer, thick tubes in the reactions
parallel
Can operate in longer time without Cost of the Maintenance is high than
maintenance Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor
(CSTR)
The model can work for many fluids The capital cost is high
Can be used up for multiple reactions During exothermic reaction the hot
spots will occur
Automatic controlling that allows fast Low flexibility usually occur
response change in operating such as
feed rate and concentration
Plug Flow Reactor consist of high exothermic or explosive energy involved the
chemical reaction to be carried. The safe heat transfer occur between the instrument
and surrounding. The static mixing of components makes it commonly used in a
reaction. These reactor work under condition of constant density and balance
conditions of reactor. Plug Flow Reactor carry out many type of reactions which is
Catalytic Hydrogenation. Catalytic Hydrogenation is supported by catalyst. The
pressure and temperatures increases based on the catalyst itself. Catalyst loading is
lower than in laboratory batch hydrogenation
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Experiment 2A: Effect of RTD on the Reaction in a CSTR
5.2 Write a one-paragraph summary of any journal article that studies chemical
reaction in a PFR. The article must have been published within the last 5 years.
Explain on the PFR reactor used in the study and its significance to the study
done.
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Experiment 2A: Effect of RTD on the Reaction in a CSTR
5.0 Reference
1. Ahmad, M. M. (2011). REACTION ENGINEERING School of bioprocess
engineering Course outcomes, (September).
2. Danish, M., Mesfer, M. K. Al, & Rashid, M. (2015). Effect of Operating Conditions
on CSTR performance: an Experimental Study. Journal of Engineering
Research and Applications, 5(2), 7478.
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Experiment 2A: Effect of RTD on the Reaction in a CSTR
6.0 Appendices
Chemical Preparation
Sodium Hydroxide, NaOH
30L of NaOH, (0.1M)
MW of NaOH = 40g/mol
MNaOH = M2 x MW x V2
= (0.1mol/L) (40g/mol) (30L)
= 120g
0.1 30
= 10.10 /
= 297.3 L
Residence Time
VCSTR
Residence Time, t =
F0
10
= 0.410 /
= 24.39 min
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Experiment 2A: Effect of RTD on the Reaction in a CSTR
Conversion, X
= 13.19
At 200 mL/min
k
C A0 CA
avg C 2A
(0.10.01914)
= 1481.4 3.663 104
= 0.149 s.M
-rA kC A2
= 0.149 s.M x 3.663 x 10-4 M
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