EXAMPLE 7.2.1 Perform the circular convolution of the following two sequences: aula) = (261,21) 20) = 1.2.3.4) Solution, Each sequence consists of four nonzero points, For the purposes of illustrating the operations involved in circular convolution, itis desirable to graph each sequence as points on acircle. Thus the sequences ry(n) and x(n) are graphed asiillustrated in Fig, 7.2.2(a). We note that the sequences are graphed in a counterclockwise direction on a circle. This establishes the reference direction in rotating one of the sequences relative to the other. Now, x3(rm) is obtained by circularly convolving x)(n) with x2(n) as specified by (7.2.39). Beginning with m =0 we have 3 10) =F nina ((-m))v = -xa((—n)), issimply the sequence xo(n) folded and graphed on acicle asillustrated in Fig. 7.2.2(b). In other words, the folded sequence is simply .2(a) graphed in a clockwise direction, The product sequence is obtained by multiplying x(n) with .t((—A))., point by point. ‘This sequence is also illustrated in Fig. 7.2.2(b). Finally, we sum the values in the product sequence to obtain (0) = 14(1) a=? = aed 22-3 xO) =1 xg) =2 Folded sequence 30) =4 a) a2) =3 Folded sequence rotated by'one unit in time «@ wy «© x= 2 (223, x0) = 1 O) Bpad 10ay=2 0) = x)= 4)=4 Folded sequence rotated by two unité in time: a(2)=3 AO=4 4x(0)=1 Folded sequence rotated by three units in time (d) te)=I we have 2 ax) = Data =2)e Hiseasily verified that x3((1—n))4 issimply the sequence x3((~n)), rotated counterclockwise by one unit in time as illustrated in Fig. 7.2.2(c). ‘This rotated sequence multiplies x(n) to yield the produet sequence, also illustrated in Fig, 7.2.2(c). Finally, we sum the values in the Product sequence to obtain x3(1). Thus xy(1) = 16 For m 2we have 3 4Q) = nln =e c= Now 13((2 = me is the folded sequence in Fig. 7.22(b) rotated two units of time in the counterclockwise direction. The resultant sequence is illustrated in Fig. 7.22(d) along with the product sequence n()r2((@—n))s. By summing the four terms in the product sequence, we obtain 3Q) = 14 For m = 3 we have 8) = Satan —aye “The folded sequence ¥:((—n))s is now rotated by three units ia time to yield x2((3 — n))_ and the resultant sequence is multiplied by x(n) to yield the product sequence as illustrated in Fig. 7.2.2(e). The sum of the values in the product sequence is 3) = 16 We observe that if the computation above is continued beyond m = 3, we simply repeat the sequence of four values obtained above. Therefore, the circular convolution of the two sequences x)(1) and.x3(n) yields the sequence: xakn = (14,16, 14,16)