Biotech Reviewer: Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

Photosynthesis - occurs in the chloroplasts of plants

- chlorophyll is the pigment inside the chloroplast that absorbs light for photosynthesis

A. Autotrophs - organisms that uses light energy from the sun to produce food
- auto = self

a. Photoautotrophs - uses suns energy (plants)

b. Chemoautotrophs - uses chemical energy (bacteria)
Pigments - light-absorbing compound
- absorbs some wavelengths of light and reflect others (colour our eyes see is the reflection of pigment)

PHOTOSYNTHESIS

Reactants: Carbon Dioxide + Water + Light = Products: Glucose + Oxygen

6CO2 + 6H2O + Light = C6H12O6 + 6O2

B. Heterotrophs - organisms that does not use light energy from the sun to produce food (animals. micro)
 Cellular Respiration - process by which the energy of glucose is released in the cell to be used for life

CELLULAR RESPIRATION

Reactants: Glucose + Oxygen = Products: Carbon Dioxide + Water

C6H12O6 + 6O2 = 6CO2 + 6H2O

The cow and the tree have a symbiotic

relationship. The cow and the tree rely on each
other. The cow benefits the tree by breaking
down sugar molecules and releasing carbon
dioxide. The plant needs carbon dioxide to
convert electromagnetic energy into food

The tree takes in electromagnetic energy

from the sun, carbon dioxide from the cow,
and water molecules from either inside the
plant cells or from the ground below. The
tree then produces glucose, also known as
sugar, and oxygen that the cow needs to
survive. Then the cycle, called
photosynthesis, repeats. The plant needs the
cow to survive, just as the cow cannot
survive without the plant.
1. Aerobic Respiration requires oxygen
occurs in the mitochondrion of the cell
36 adenosine triphosphate produced
C6H12O6 + 6O2 = 6CO2 + 6H2O + 36 ATP
2. Anaerobic Respiration no oxygen is available to the cell
called fermentation (used in food production)
less ATP is produced than aerobic respiration
a. Alcoholic Fermentation yogurt, cheese, bread
occurs in bacteria and yeast
process used in baking and brewing (making the dough rise and give bread its holes)
glucose ethyl alcohol + carbon dioxide + 2 ATP
b. Lactic Acid Fermentation occurs in muscle cells
produced in the muscles during rapid exercise when the body cannot supply oxygen to the tissues (burn sen)
glucose lactic acid + carbon dioxide + 2 ATP
3rd Alternative Pathway

Mitochondria and Oxygen needed

Uses NADH and FADH produced in previous reactions to make more ATP

Reasons Why Virtually Living Things are Aerobes

Lots of oxygen
Lots of mitochondria
Lots of ATP/ glucose
protective enzymes