edx cybersecurity fundamentals unit 5 32 trminos GwonnyWong

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NIC network communication goes out of machine physically

program or service network communication goes in and out a machine

logically

service program runs in background independent of logon,

provides functionalities on system

workstation machine Windows client machines have it running in background,

allows for connections to remote network resources

daemons workstation services in linux

FTP server file transfer protocol

web server self explanatory

ports way into and out of program or service, a logical
number, source and destination ports: 0-1023 (used by
major protocols and services) well known, used by FTP
servers on 21 and web servers on 80, 1024-49151
(assigned by IANA) registered, 49152-65535 (used by
client applications on as needed basis) dynamic

layer 4 TCP segments, UDP datagrams, for ports, encapsulates

data coming from layer 5,6,7

IANA internet assigned numbers authority

web server browser opens up port 60000 to send request to web

server through port 80 with encrypted HTTP, web server
connection is complete and browser closes opened
port but web server port is open (80) for incoming
connections, browser opens up at different ports

HTTP hyper text transfer protocol

TCP transmission control protocol segments, establishes

connection for reliable data transfer and flow control, at
an acceptable rate, all bytes sent with tcp are ordered
and sequenced, guarantees that every byte sent will be
received with integrity, used in file transfers, emails,
websites, accuracy

UDP user datagram protocol datagrams, connectionless, no

flow control, real-time communication, streaming,
conferencing, DNS, DHCP

DNS domain name system

DHCP dynamic host configuration protocol

VoIP voice over internet protocol

RTSP real time streaming protocol, layer seven does ordering

for UDP

switch communicates among devices in same network, floods

the frame out of all interfaces except interface of
origination to find mac address of destination, uses SAT
to associate host macs with switch interface number,

SAT source address table, interface number is switch

 interface entrance connection if networks are separated
with double switches
ARP requests ALL BROADCASTS

ICMP internet control message protocol, routers send this

after dropping packet and unable to send to default
route or not knowing the destination

autonomous system collection of networks under a single administrative

control

ASN autonomous system number, independent of ISP so they

can maintain routing tables and exchange outing
information with multiple ISPs

ISP internet service provider

edge router connects to ISP in internal network to exchange packets

to external network

IGP interior gateway protocol, routing protocol allows

routers within an autonomous system to communicate
with each other: OSPF/EIGRP

metrics used to determine the fastest path between networks,

OSPF and EIGRP uses bandwidth as the main metric

OSPF open shortest path first

Cisco's EIGRP enhanced interior gateway routing protocol

EGP exterior gateway protocol

BGP border gateway protocol