Aptitude Solved Problems

Problems On Numbers

Natural Numbers :

Counting numbers N = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, .. are called natural numbers.

Whole Numbers :

All counting numbers together with zero form the set of whole numbers
Thus,

W = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, .......... are called whole numbers.

0 is the only whole number which is not a natural number

Every natural number is a whole number

Even Numbers :

A number divisible by 2 is called an even number.

E.g. 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, etc.

Odd Numbers :
A number not divisible by 2 is called an odd number.
E.g. 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, etc.

Prime Numbers :
A number greater than 1 is called a prime number, if it has exactly two factors, namely 1
and the number itself.

Composite Numbers :

Numbers greater than 1 which are not prime, are known as composite numbers.
E.g. 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12.

Numbers greater than 1 which are not prime, are known as composite numbers.
E.g. 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12.

Important Formulas of Number System :

Formulas of Number Series :

1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + + n = n(n + 1)/2

(12 + 22 + 32 + ..... + n2) = n ( n + 1 ) (2n + 1) / 6

(13 + 23 + 33 + ..... + n3) = (n(n + 1)/ 2)2

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 Sum of first n odd numbers = n2

Sum o first n even numbers = n (n + 1)

Some Important Formulas :

(a + b)(a - b) = (a2 - b2)

(a + b)2 = (a2 + b2 + 2ab)

(a - b)2 = (a2 + b2 - 2ab)

(a + b + c)2 = a2 + b2 + c2 + 2(ab + bc + ca)

(a3 + b3) = (a + b)(a2 - ab + b2)

(a3 - b3) = (a - b)(a2 + ab + b2)

(a3 + b3 + c3 - 3abc) = (a + b + c)(a2 + b2 + c2 - ab - bc - ac)

When a + b + c = 0, then a3 + b3 + c3 = 3abc

(a + b)n = an + (nC1)an-1b + (nC2)an-2b2 + + (nCn-1)abn-1 + bn

Shortcuts for number divisibility :

A number is divisible by 2, if its unit's digit is any of 0, 2, 4, 6, 8

A number is divisible by 3, if the sum of its digits is divisible by 3

A number is divisible by 4, if the number formed by the last two digits is divisible by 4

A number is divisible by 5, if its unit's digit is either 0 or 5

A number is divisible by 6, if it is divisible by both 2 and 3

A number is divisible by 8, if the number formed by the last three digits of the given
number is divisible by 8

A number is divisible by 9, if the sum of its digits is divisible by 9

A number is divisible by 10, if it ends with 0

A number is divisible by 11, if the difference of the sum of its digits at odd places and the
sum of its digits at even places, is either 0 or a number divisible by 11

A number is divisible by 12, if it is divisible by both 4 and 3

A number is divisible by 14, if it is divisible by 2 as well as 7

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 Two numbers are said to be co-primes if their H.C.F. is 1. To find if a number, say y is
divisible by x, find m and n such that m * n = x and m and n are co-prime numbers. If y is
divisible by both m and n then it is divisible by x

Examples On Numbers
1. What is the largest 4 digit number exactly divisible by 88?
Answer: 9944
Explanation:
Largest 4 digit number = 9999
9999 88 = 113, remainder = 55
Hence largest 4 digit number exactly divisible by 88
= 9999 - 55
= 9944

2. {(481 + 426)2 - 4 481 426} = ?

Answer: 3025
Explanation:
Given statement is like (a+b)24abwhere a=481 and b=426
(a+b)24ab
=(a2+2ab+b2)4ab
=a22ab+b2
=(ab)2
= (481+426)24481426
= (481426)2
= 552
= 3025

3. 121 54= ?
Answer: 75625
Explanation:
12154=121(10/2)4
=12110000/16
=7.562510000
=75625

4. 719719+347347719347/719719719+347347347=
Answer: 1/1066
Explanation:
The given statement is in the form a2+b2ab/a3+b3
where a= 719, b= 347
= a2+b2ab/a3+b3
= a2+b2ab/(a+b)(a2 ab+b2)
= 1/a+b
= 1/719+347
=11066

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5. If the number 481*673 is completely divisible by 9, what is the the smallest whole number in
place of *?
Answer: 7
Explanation:
Let x be the smallest whole number in place of *
481x673 is completely divisible by 9
= (4+8+1+x+6+7+3) is divisible by 9
= (29+x) is divisible by 9
x should be the smallest whole number.
Hence, (29+x)=36
x=3629
=7

6. If n is a natural number, then (6n2+ 6n) is always divisible by:

Answer: Both 6 and 12
Explanation:
6n2+ 6n = 6n(n + 1)
n(n + 1) is always even when n is a natural number
Hence 6n2+ 6n is always divisible by 6 and 12

7. What is the smallest 3 digit prime number?

Answer: 101
Explanation:
102 is divisible by 2
=> 102 is not a prime number
100 is divisible by 2
=> 100 is not a prime number.
101<11
101 is not divisible by the prime numbers 2, 3, 5, 7
Hence 101 is a prime number.
Since 100 is not a prime number, 101 is the smallest 3 digit prime number.
107<11
107 is also not divisible by the prime numbers 2,3,5,7
Hence 107 is also a prime number.
But the smallest 3 digit prime number is 101

8. A number when divided by 75 leaves 34 as remainder. What will be the remainder if the same
number is divided by 65?
Answer: 9
Explanation:
Let the number be x
Let x75=p and remainder = 34
x=75p+34
x=(25p*3)+25+9
x=25(3p+1)+9
Hence, if the number is divided by 25, we will get 9 as remainder

9. In a two-digit number, if it is known that its unit's digit exceeds its ten's digit by 2 and that the
product of the given number and the sum of its digits is equal to 144, then the number is:
Answer: 24

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Explanation:
Let the ten's digit be x. Then, unit's digit = x + 2. Number = 10x + (x + 2) = 11x + 2
Sum of digits = x + (x + 2)
= 2x + 2(11x + 2)(2x + 2) = 144
2x2 + 26x - 140 = 0
(x - 2)(11x + 35) = 0
x=2
Hence, required number = 11x + 2 = 24.

10. A number consists of two digits. If the digits interchange places and the new number is added
to the original number, then the resulting number will be divisible by:
Answer: 11
Explanation:
Let the ten's digit be x and unit's digit be y.
Then, number 10x + y.
Number obtained by interchanging the digits = 10y + x.
(10x + y) + (10y + x) = 11(x + y)
which is divisible by 11.

11. The difference between a two-digit number and the number obtained by interchanging the digit
is 36. What is the difference between the sum and the difference of the digits of the number if the
ratio between the digits of the number is 1:2?
Answer: 8
Explanation:
Since the number is greater than the number obtained on reversing the digits, so the ten's digit is
greater than the unit's digit.
Let the ten's and unit's digits be 2x and x respectively.
Then, (10 * 2x + x) - (10x + 2x) = 36
9x = 36
x=4
Required difference = (2x + x) - (2x - x) = 2x = 8.

12. If the sum and difference of two numbers are 20 and 8 respectively, then the difference of their
square is:
Answer: 160
Explanation:
Let the numbers be x and y.
Then, x + y = 20 and x - y = 8
x2 y2 = (x + y)(x - y)
= 20 * 8
= 160.

13. If the sum of the two numbers is 22 and the sum of their squares is 404, then the product of the
numbers is:
Answer: 40
Explanation:
Let the numbers be x and y.
Then, (x + y) = 22 and x2+ y2= 404
2xy = (x + y)2- (x2+ y2)
2xy= 222- 404

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= 484 - 404
= 80
xy = 40

14. The sum of three consecutive numbers is 87. The greatest among these three number is:
Answer: 30
Explanation:
Let the numbers be x, x + 1 and x + 2
Then, x + (x + 1) + (x + 2) = 87
3x = 84
x = 28
Greatest number, (x + 2) = 30.

15. Three times the first of three consecutive odd integers is 3 more than twice the third. The third
integer is:
Answer: 15
Explanation:
Let the three integers be x, x + 2 and x+ 4.
Then, 3x = 2(x + 4) + 3
x = 11
Third integer = x + 4 = 15.

16. The sum of three consecutive multiples of 3 is 72. What is the largest number?
Answer: 27
Explanation:
Let the numbers be 3x, 3x + 3 and 3x + 6.
Then, 3x + (3x + 3) + (3x + 6) = 72
9x = 63
x=7
Largest number = 3x + 6 = 27.

17. The product of two natural numbers is 17. Then, the sum of the reciprocals of their squares is:
Answer: 290/289
Explanation:
Let the numbers be a and b. Then,
ab = 17, a = 1 and b = 17
So, 1/a2+ 1/b2 = (a2 + b2)/a2b2
= (12 + 172)/(1 * 17)2
= 290/289

18. The sum of the numbers is 264. If the first number be twice the second and third number be
one-third of the first, then the second number is:
Answer: 72
Explanation:
Let the second number be x. Then, first number = 2x and third number = 2x/3.
2x + x + 2x/3 = 264
11x/3 = 264
x = 72

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19. The sum of two numbers is 22. Five times one number is equal to 6 times the other. The bigger
of the two numbers is:
Answer: 12
Explanation:
Let the numbers be x and (22 - x). Then,
5x = 6(22 - x)
11x = 132 => x = 12
So, the numbers are 12 and 10.

20. The sum of two numbers is 25 and their difference is 13. Find their product.
Answer: 114
Explanation:
Let the numbers be x and y.
Then x + y = 25 and x - y = 13.
x = 19; y = 6
xy = 19 * 6 = 114.

21. The difference between two integers is 5. Their product is 500. Find the numbers.
Answer: 20, 25
Explanation:
Let the integers be x and (x + 5). Then,
x(x + 5) = 500
x2+ 5x - 500 = 0
(x + 25)(x - 20) = 0
x = 20
So, the numbers are 20 and 25.

22. Thrice the square of a natural number decreased by 4 times the number is equal to 50 more
than the number. The number is:
Answer: 5
Explanation:
Let the number be x. Then,
3x2 - 4x = x + 50
3x2 - 5x - 50 = 0
(3x + 10)(x - 5) = 0
x=5

23. The sum of a number and its reciprocal is one-eighth of 34. What is the product of the number
and its square root?
Answer: 8
Explanation:
Let the number be x. Then,
x + 1/x = 34/8
8x2 - 34x + 8 = 0
4x2 - 17x + 4 = 0
(4x - 1)(x - 4) = 0
x=4
required number = 4 * 4 = 4 * 2 = 8.

24. Two-third of a positive number and 25/216 of its reciprocal are equal. The number is:

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Answer: 5/12
Explanation:
Let the number be x. Then,
2/3 x = 25/216 * 1/x
x2 = 25/216 * 3/2 = 25/144
x = 5/12

25. If one-third of one fourth of a number is 15, then three-tenth of that number is:
Answer: 54
Explanation:
Let the number be x. Then,
1/3 of 1/4 of x = 15
x = 15 * 12 = 180
So, required number = (3/10 * 180) = 54.

26. The sum of the two numbers is 12 and their product is 35. What is the sum of the reciprocals of
these numbers?
Answer: 12/35
Explanation:
Let the numbers be a and b. Then,
a + b = 12 and ab = 35.
(a + b)/ab = 12/35
= (1/b + 1/a) = 12/35
Sum of reciprocals of given numbers = 12/35.

27. The difference between a positive proper fraction and its reciprocal is 9/20. The fraction is:
Answer: 4/5
Explanation:
Let the required fraction be x. Then,
1/x - x = 9/20
20x2+ 9x - 20 = 0
20x2+ 25x - 16x - 20 = 0
5x(4x + 5) -4(4x + 5) = 0
(4x + 5)(5x - 4) = 0
x = 4/5

28. On dividing number by 56, we get 29 as remainder. On dividing the same number by 8, what
will be the remainder?
Answer: 5
Explanation:
Let x be the number and y be the quotient.
Then, x = 357 * y + 39
= (17 * 21 * y) + (17 * 2) + 5
= 17 * (21y + 2) + 5.
Required remainder = 5.

29. The difference of two numbers is 1365. On dividing the larger number by the smaller, we get 6
as quotient and 15 as remainder. What is the smaller number?
Answer: 270
Explanation:

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Let the smallest number be x.
Then larger number = (x + 1365)
x + 1365 = 6x + 15
= 5x = 1350
x = 270
Smaller number = 270.

30. How many of the following numbers are divisible by 132?

Answer: 4
Explanation:
132 = 11 * 3 * 4
Clearly, 968 is not divisible by 3
None of 462 and 2178 is divisible by 4
And, 5284 is not divisible by 11
Each one of the remaining four numbers is divisible by each one of 4, 3 and 11.
So, there are 4 such numbers.

31. 5358 * 51 = ?
Answer: 273258
Explanation:
5358 * 51 = 5358 * (50 + 1)
= 5358 * 50 + 5358 * 1
= 267900 + 5358
= 273258

32. 9 3/4 + 7 2/17 - 9 1/15 = ?

Answer: 7 817/1020
Explanation:
Given sum = 9 + 3/4 + 7 + 2/17 - (9 + 1/15)
= (9 + 7 - 9) + (3/4 + 2/17 - 1/15)
= 7 + (765 + 120 - 68)/1020
= 7 817/1020

33. - 84 * 29 + 365 = ?
Answer: -2071
Explanation:
Given Exp. = - 84 * (30 - 1) + 365
= - (84 * 30) + 84 + 365
= - 2520 + 449
= - 2071

34. (1000)9/1024 = ?
Answer: 1000
Explanation:
= (1000)9/1024
= (103)9/1024 = 1027/1024
= 10(27 24)
= 103
=1000
35. 8988 / 8 / 4 = ?

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Answer: 280.875
Explanation:
8988 * 1/8 * 1/4
= 2247/8
= 280.875

36. Simplify the following equation [(p - q)2- (p + q)2] / 4p = b/a

Answer: a q = -b
Explanation:
[(p - q)2 - (p + q)2] / 4p = b/a
=> [p2 + q2 - 2pq (p2 + q2 + 2pq)] / 4p = b/a
=> - 4pq/4p = b/a
=> q = - b/a
=> a q = -b

37. The sum of four consecutive even numbers is 36. Find the sum of the squares of these
numbers?
Answer: 344
Explanation:
Let the four numbers be x, x + 2, x + 4 and x + 6.
=> x + x + 2 + x + 4 + x + 6 = 36
=> 4x + 12 = 36 => x = 6
The numbers are 6, 8, 10 and 12.
Sum of their squares = 62 + 82 + 102 + 122
= 36 + 64 + 100 + 144
= 344.

38. The sum of five consecutive odd numbers of set p is 435. What is the sum of five consecutive
numbers of another set q. Whose largest number is 45 more than the largest number of set p?
Answer: 670
Explanation:
Let the five consecutive odd numbers of set p be 2n - 3, 2n - 1, 2n + 1, 2n + 3, 2n + 5.Sum of these
five numbers
=2n - 3 + 2n - 1 + 2n + 1 + 2n + 3 + 2n + 5
= 10n + 5 = 435 => n = 43
Largest number of set p = 2(43) + 5 = 91
The largest number of set q = 91 + 45 = 136
=> The five numbers of set q are 132, 133, 134, 135, 136.
Sum of above numbers = 132 + 133 + 134 + 135 + 136 = 670.

39. The product of two successive numbers is 4556. Which of the following is the larger of the two
numbers?
Answer: 68
Explanation:
Let the two successive numbers be n, n + 1.
It is given that n(n + 1) = 4556.
=> n2+ n - 4556 = 0
=>n2+ 68n - 67n - 4556 = 0
=> n(n + 68) - 67(n + 68) = 0
=> n = 67 and (n + 1) = 68.

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40. By how much is 3/5th of 875 greater than 2/3 of 333?
Answer: 303
Explanation:
3/5th of 875 is greater than 2/3rd of 333
= 3/5 * 875 - 2/3 * 333
= 525 222
= 303.

41. When 732 is subtracted form the square of a number, the answer that is obtained is 5280. What
is the number?
Answer: 103
Explanation:
Let the number be x
x2 732 = 5280
x2 = 5280 + (70+3)2
= 5280 + 4900 + 420 + 9 = 10609
= 10000 + 2(100)(3) + 32
= (100 + 3)2
x = 100 + 3 = 103.

42. If all the fractions 3/10, 1/16, 4/11, 2/9, 1/7, 5/14 and 5/24 arranged in descending order of
their values, then which one will be the third?
Answer: 3/10
Explanation:
3/10 = 0.3, 1/16 = 0.0625, 4/11 = 0.36, 2/9 = 0.22, 1/7 = 0.14, 5/14 = 0.36 and 5/24 = 0.21
4/11 > 5/14 > 3/10 > 2/9 > 5/24 > 1/7 > 1/16
3/10 will be the third.

43. How many figures are required to number the pages the pages of a book containing 365 pages?
Answer: 987
Explanation:
1 to 9 = 9 * 1= 9
10 to 99 = 90 * 2 = 180
100 to 365 = 266 * 3 = 798
= 9+180+798
= 987

44. A laborer is engaged for 30 days on the condition that he receives Rs.25 for each day he works
and is fined Rs.7.50 for each day is absent. He gets Rs.425 in all. For how many days was he
absent?
Answer: 10
Explanation:
30 * 25 = 750
= 750 425
= 325
25 + 7.50 = 32.5
325/32.5 = 10

45. In a division sum, the quotient is 120, the divisor 456 and the remainder 333, find the
dividend?

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Answer: 55053
Explanation:
120 * 456 + 333 = 55053

46. How many numbers up to 300 and 700 are divisible by 2, 3 and 7 both together?
Answer: 9
Explanation:
= (700 300)/42
= 9 22/42
= 9 Numbers

47. The sum of the squares of three numbers is 138, while the sum of their products taken two at a
time is 131. Their sum is:
Answer: 20
Explanation:
Let the numbers be a, b and C. Then,
a2 + b2 + c2 = 138 and (ab + bc + ca) = 131
(a + b + c)2 = a2 + b2 + c2 + 2(ab + bc + ca)
138 + 2 * 131 = 400
(a + b + c) = 400
= 20

48. In a pair of fractions, fraction A is twice the fraction B and the product of two fractions is 2/25.
What is the value of fraction A?
Answer: 2/5
Explanation:
A = 2B => B = 1/2 A, so AB = 2/25
1/2 A2 = 2/25
A2 = 4/25
A = 2/5

49. A two-digit number is such that the product of the digits is 8. When 18 is added to the number,
then the digits are reversed. The number is:
Answer: 24
Explanation:
Let the ten's and unit's digit be x and 8/x respectively.
Then, (10x + 8/x) + 18 = 10 * 8/x + x
9x2 + 18x - 72 = 0
x2 + 2x - 8 = 0
(x + 4)(x - 2) = 0
x=2
So, ten's digit = 2 and unit's digit = 4.
Hence, required number = 24.

50. 17+161.6+141.3=?
Answer: 60.8
Explanation:
=17+161.6+141.3
=17+25.6+18.2
= 60.8

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