Peracetic Acid Assay Merck

Disinfection control
Performance & Life Science Chemicals

Laboratory Business
Product Management Food & Environmental Analytics
Merck disinfection and residue monitoring tests - 2010
CONTENT
Disinfectant control of cleaning agents in various applications
Peracetic Acid
Glutaraldehyde
In-process control of disinfectants ideally with Merckoquant test strips
Quantitative results for Peroxide and Peracetic Acid with Reflectoquant
Disinfectants and the range of suitable test kits
Chlorine
Ozone
Chlorine dioxide
Hydrogen peroxide
March 28, 2010 Disinfection control Page 2

Disinfectant control of cleaning agents
in various applications
Most frequently the following disinfectants are used
Peroxide, Peracetic acid, Glutardialdehyde,

Quarternary ammonium compounds
Disinfectants are tested before the cleaning:

The agents concentration has to be high enough to be effective
....and after the cleaning process:

The agent has to be efficiently removed from the production equipments
after use. No residues must be left in the products!

Disinfectant control of cleaning agents
some typical application areas
Peracetic Acid
Filling equipment in breweries
Disinfection of 5-gallon bottle for drinking water
Endoscopic instruments in hospitals
Glutardialdehyde
Disinfectant agent control in hospitals
Peroxide
Production equipment in food and beverage industries

Where is Peracetic Acid used?
Food & Beverage industry, Pharma industry, hospitals

Cleaning of the pipes with alkaline PAA solutions to avoid
corrosion
Disinfection of the 5-gallon bottles or glass bottles
which are re-filled for drinking water supply
Surface disinfection in the production facility
Instrument disinfection in the hospitals
For disinfection in emergency cases,
for civil protection and for the army

Determination of Peracetic Acid
titration method vs. Merck Test Strips (1)
Titration of peracetic acid:

6 different reagents are needed Complex titration
Sulfuric acid solution Solutions have to be prepared.
Indicator solution A lot of glassware is required.
Cerium(IV) sulfate solution Many handling steps.
Potassium iodide
Starch
Sodium thiosulfate solution
The titration is divided into two steps Very time consuming
Titration of peroxide approx. 10 - 15 min for one result
(without preparation steps)
Titration of peracetic acid

Titration of Peracetic Acid
- Preparation
Reagents needed:
1.00716.1000 Sulfuric acid 25%
Preparation of Sulfuric acid solution 10%:
Add 10 ml of the Sulfuric acid 25 % in a calibrated or conformity-checked
25-ml volumetric flask and make up to the mark with water GR.
1.09161.0100 Ferroin indicator solution
1.09092.1000 Cerium(IV) sulfate solution 0.1 mol/l
1.05043.0250 Potassium iodide GR
1.01252.0100 Starch GR
Preparation of a Starch solution 5 g/l:
Dissolve 0.500 g of Starch GR with water GR in a calibrated or conformity-
checked 100-ml volumetric flask and make up to the mark with water GR.
1.09147.1000 Sodium thiosulfate solution 0.1 mol/l
1.16754.9010 Water GR for analysis

- equilibrium reaction
peracetic acid + water

acetic acid + hydrogen peroxide
Peracetic acid dissociates to some extent in acetic acid and
hydrogen peroxide in aqueous solution.
Peracetic acid is determined by iodometric titration. Peracetic acid
acts as oxidizing agent and oxidizes iodide into iodine. Iodine is
determined with starch and thiosulfate solution.
Hydrogen peroxide can act as oxidizing and reducing agent.
Hydrogen peroxide has to be removed before the iodometric
titration of peracetic acid.
Otherwise hydrogen peroxide would also oxidize iodide into iodine
and the results would be false-positive.

- H2O2 determination
Transfer 5.00 ml of the peracetic acid solution to be determined to an

Erlenmeyer flask using a pipette.
Add 50 ml water GR, 5 ml Sulfuric acid solution (10%) and 3 drops of the
Ferroin indicator solution and mix.
Titrate this sample immediately with Cerium(IV) sulfate solution 0.1 mol/l
from orange to blue.
At this stage the hydrogen peroxide is determined.
Calculation:
consumption of cerium(IV) sulfate [ml] x 1.7
[mg/l] peroxide = ------------------------------------------------------------ x 10000
sample volume [ml] x 10

- peracetic acid determination
After that add immediately 0.5 1.0 g potassium iodide GR and 5 ml

Starch solution 5g/l to the same sample solution.
Titrate the released iodine immediately with sodium thiosulfate solution
0.1 mol/l from brownish-violet to orange.
Calculation:
consumption of Na thiosulfate [ml] x 3,8
[mg/l] peracetic acid = -------------------------------------------------------- x 10000
sample volume [ml] x 10
Remark: Peracetic Acid solutions are extremely unstable. Especially
diluted solutions are stable for only a few hours and must be prepared
freshly at least daily.

Merckoquant Test Strips
- Take a test strip
- Dip it briefly into the solution to be tested
- Compare the test strip with the color scale and read off
the corresponding concentration

You prefer quantitative and documented tests?

Use Reflectoquant test strips for disinfection control!
Step 1 Step 2
Press on/off, Dip test strip into
select TEST and sample solution
press START; and at the same
reaction time is time press
displayed. START again.
Step 3 Step 4
5 sec before Read off result
reaction ends from display.
insert strip into
the adapter.

item # Handling Graduation or measuring range

Merckoquant Peracetic Acid test strips (semi-quantitative results):
1100840001
1100010001
1179220001

Reflectoquant Peracetic Acid test strips (quantitative results):
1169750001 MR 1.0 - 22.5 mg/l

15 s
1169760001 MR 75 - 400 mg/l

15 s

titration method vs. Merck Test Kits (5)
Titration method: Merck test strips:

Complex titration Ready to use, easy handling
Preparation of solutions. Quick results (approx. 1 min)
A lot of glassware is required. Test strips for different accuracies
Many handling steps. and measuring ranges are available:
Semi-quantitative results
Very time consuming Merckoquant Test strips
approx. 10 - 15 min for one result Quantitative results
(without preparation time) Reflectoquant Tests, results are
documented (GMP)
RQdata software is available to
transmit results to your computer
Features and Benefits of the test strips

Easy to handle, quick results and low costs.
What are you waiting for?
Change now and save time and money!
Where is Glutaraldehyde used?
Glutaraldehyde is used for a number of applications:

a cold sterilant in the health care industry
an antimicrobial in water-treatment systems
a disinfectant in animal housing
In the health care industry, glutaraldehyde is most often used to
disinfect equipment that cannot be heat sterilized such as dialysis
instruments, surgical instruments, suction bottles, bronchoscopes,
endoscopes, and ear, nose, and throat instruments.
The chemical is most often used in a diluted form with solutions
ranging from 0.1% to 50% glutaraldehyde in water.

Determination of Glutaraldehyde NEW
with Merckoquant Test
Merckoquant Glutardialdehyde Test

Order no. 1.17984.0001
Graduation: 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5%
For control of effectiveness
100 test strips

In-process control of disinfectants
ideally with Merckoquant test strips!
Features and Benefits

Easy-to-handle test strips for on-site testing
High quality colour scales for reliable results
Low cost, ideal to screen the safety of the

disinfection process and ensure
high quality of customers products

A broad variety of semi-quantitative tests:
Merckoquant test strips
Order No. Test Graduation

1.17925.0001 Merckoquant Chlorine Test * 0.5 1 2 5 10 20 mg/l
1.17924.0001 Merckoquant Chlorine Test 25 50 100 200 500 mg/l
1.17984.0001 Merckoquant Glutardialdehyde Test * 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5% NEW
1.10084.0001 Merckoquant Peracetic Acid Test * 5 10 20 30 50 mg/l
1.10001.0001 Merckoquant Peracetic Acid Test * 100 150 200 250 300 400 500 mg/l
1.17922.0001 Merckoquant Peracetic Acid Test * 500 1000 1500 2000 mg/l
1.10011.0001 Merckoquant Peroxide Test * 0.5 2 5 10 25 mg/l

1.10081.0001 Merckoquant Peroxide Test * 1 3 10 30 100 mg/l
1.10337.0001 Merckoquant Peroxide Test * 100 200 400 600 800 1000 mg/l
1.17920.0001 Merckoquant Quaternery Ammonium 10 25 50 100 250 500 mg/l

Compounds
* Low ranges to control the residuals

* High ranges to control the effectiveness

Quantitative results for Peroxide and
Peracetic acid with Reflectoquant
Order No. Test Measuring range

1.16975.0001 Reflectoquant Peracetic Acid Test * 1.0 22.5 mg/l
1.16976.0001 Reflectoquant Peracetic Acid Test * 75 400 mg/l
1.16974.0001 Reflectoquant Peroxide Test * 0.2 20.0 mg/l
1.16731.0001 Reflectoquant Peroxide Test * 100 1000 mg/l
* Low ranges to control the residuals

* High ranges to control the effectiveness
Test strips are measured in the RQflex 10 instrument (1.16970)

RQflex 10 delivers quantitative results which are stored in the instruments
memory data bank, documentation made easy

Disinfection techniques for water
Disinfectants kill present unwanted micro organisms in water. There are

various different types of disinfectants:
Chlorine (dose 2-10 mg/L)
Chlorine dioxide
Ozone
Hypochlorite
Every disinfection technique has its specific advantages and its own application
area. In the table below some of the advantages and disadvantages are shown:
Technology Environmen- Byproducts Effectivity Investment Operational Fluids Surfaces
tally friendly costs
Ozone + + ++ - + ++ ++
UV ++ ++ + +/- ++ + ++
Chlorine dioxide +/- +/- ++ ++ + ++ --
Chlorine gas -- -- - + ++ +/- --
Hypochlorite -- -- - + ++ +/- --

Chlorine for disinfection
Chlorine is one of the most commonly used disinfectants for water disinfection.
Added to water in minute quantities, it quickly kills bacteria and other microbes.
Chlorine has the major advantage of ensuring clean water right up to the tap,
whereas the action of other disinfectants - such as ozone, ultraviolet light and
ultrafiltration - is only temporary.
Chlorine helps remove tastes and odours, controls the growth of slime and algae in
mains pipes and storage tanks, and helps to remove unwanted nitrogen compounds
from water.
Chlorine is also used for applications, such as swimming pool water and
wastewater.

Measurement of higher chlorine concentrations in
bottled drinking water according EU limits
Disinfectant Maximum Type of test Order no. Measuring range / No. of

concentration which can be graduation deter-
of disinfectant used minations
Microquant 1.14978.0001 0.1 - 0.2 - 0.3 - 0.4 - 0.6 - 0.8 600

Chlorine 1.2 mg/l Cl2 - 1.0 - 1.5 - 2.0 mg/l Cl2
as free Microquant 1.14976.0001 0.25 - 0.5 - 0.75 - 1 - 2 - 4 - 8 1000
- 10 - 15 mg/l Cl2
1.14978.0001 (liquid DPD) 1.14976.0001 (powder DPD)

Measurement of low chlorine concentrations in
bottled drinking drinking water according EU limits
Disinfectant Concentration of Type of test Order no. Measuring range / No. of

disinfectant after which can graduation deter-
purification be used minations
Aquaquant 1.14434.0001 0.01 - 0.025 - 0.045 - 0.06 - 300

Chlorine max. 0.3 mg/l Cl2 0.08 - 0.1 - 0.15 - 0.2 - 0.3
mg/l Cl2
min. 0.1 mg/l Cl2
Microquant 1.14978.0001 0.1 - 0.2 - 0.3 - 0.4 - 0.6 - 600
0.8 - 1.0 - 1.5 - 2.0 mg/l Cl2
1.14978.0001 (liquid DPD)
1.14434.0001
(powder DPD)

Microquant test kits for
medium to low concentrations
Microquant colour disk comparator

The specialist for:
Turbid samples
Coloured samples
works according to the transmitted
light method
Measurements in the field
under robust conditions
since the comparator and the test
vessels are made of plastic and are
thus extremely durable, even in wet
and dirty environments.

Microquant test kits with robust plastic
testing vessels
NEW
Use Microquant test
kits in In-Process
control in Food & Beverage industries without
any risk
Unbreakable test vessels
No contamination of products with broken

glass pieces.
For more safety and high quality in your

on-site analysis

Aquaquant test kits to test low
concentrations
The Aquaquant system

The specialist for:
Flexibility of use
Highly sensitive analysis thanks to
long-tube tests with a large optical
path length down to ppb range
Less sensitive measuring ranges
covered by a short-tube test with a
small optical path length
Colour cards of a high print quality

Microquant/Aquaquant Refill Packs
NEW
These refill packs are suitable for use

with both the Microquant tests and
the Aquaquant tests
(short-tube and long-tube versions).
The bottles fit directly in the corresponding original Microquant

or Aquaquant test kit.
Each new refill pack has been assigned a uniform item packaging
number, namely the .0002 suffix.

Quantitative measurement of chlorine in
Use of the Spectroquant test kits

Disinfectant Maximum Concentration of Order no. Measuring range No. of Instruments
concentration of disinfectant after deter-
disinfectant purification minations
Chlorine 1.2 mg/l Cl2 as max. 0.3 mg/l Cl2 1.00598.0002 0.010 6.00 mg/l 200 Picco, Multy,
free min. 0.1 mg/l Cl2 1.00598.0001 Cl2 1200 NOVA 60,
Pharo 100,
Pharo 300
Picco Multy
Procedure of
free Chlorine Test 1.00598:
NOVA 60 Pharo 100 / 300

Features of the Spectroquant
Chlorine Test using DPD
according EPA 330.5,

US Standard Methods 4500-Cl2 G, and EN ISO 7393
Measuring range: 0.010 6.00 mg/l Cl2
Item no: 1.00598. free chlorine
Handling:

Features of the Spectroquant
Chlorine Test using DPD
according EPA 330.5,

US Standard Methods 4500-Cl2 G, and EN ISO 7393
Measuring range: 0.010 6.00 mg/l Cl2
Item no: 1.00602. total chlorine
Handling:

Available Spectroquant Chlorine test kits
according EPA 330.5, US Standard Methods 4500-Cl2 G, and EN ISO 7393
Free chlorine
1.00598.0002 200 Tests 0.010 6.00 mg/l reagent test
1.00595.0001 200 Tests 0.03 6.00 mg/l cell test
Total chlorine
Free and total chlorine
1.00599.0001 each 100 Tests 0.010 6.00 mg/l reagent test
1.00597.0001 each 100 Tests 0.03 6.00 mg/l cell test
Important: when measuring both, free and total chlorine use the same
glass ware and glass cuvette for measuring!
After each determination of total chlorine rinse the cell with sulfuric acid 25 %
and subsequently several times with distilled water.
When glass ware as same as cells are not good cleaned, remaining KI will
react immediately with the total chlorine too when measuring the free chlorine
and therefore the result of free chlorine are too high and the total chlorine too
low. Therefore used glassware and cells must be carefully cleaned.
Spectroquant Chlorine test kits
What happens if I have to work

in the field / drinking water
sampling stations and it is
raining?
What happens if I have to work
in humid environments in the
production?
Will the powder get wet?

Spectroquant Chlorine liquid reagents
Diethyl-p-phenylenediamine (DPD)
Our solution for wet environments:

The new developed package concept for the liquid reagents
where bottles are easy to replace.
NEW
Reagents Cl2-1, Cl2-2

and Cl3-2 as single
bottles, sealed with
plastic film.
Shelf life 36 month at
+15 - +25C.

Measuring range: 0.03 6.00 mg/l Cl2 using 16 mm

Item no: 1.00086., 1.00087., 1.00088. and 1.00089.
Handling of analysis of free chlorine:

Measuring range: 0.03 6.00 mg/l Cl2 using 16 mm

Item no: 1.00086., 1.00087., 1.00088. and 1.00089.
Handling of analysis of total chlorine:

Spectroquant Colorimeter
Picco Cl2 / O3 / ClO2 / CyA / pH
for Chlorine, Ozone, Chlorine dioxide, Cyanuric Acid, pH
Application areas:
Drinking water NEW
Bottle water production
Waste water monitoring
Swimming pools
Hygiene monitoring
Order number: 1.73607.0001

Parameter Order No. Measuring range
SQ Chlorine Test 1.00598 / 1.00599 / 1.00602 0.02 5.00 mg/l Cl2 (free and total)
SQ Chlorine Test (liquid) 1.00086 / 1.00087 / 1.00088 0.02 5.00 mg/l Cl2 (free and total)
SQ Ozone Test 1.00607 0.02 3.40 mg/l O3
SQ Chlorine dioxide Test 1.00608 0.05 9.50 mg/l ClO2
SQ Cyanuric Acid Test 1.19250 2 - 160 mg/l Cyanuric Acid
SQ pH Cell Test 1.01744 6.4 8.8
Absorption Measurement - 0,100 - 2,500 A

Highlights:
Waterproof
Automatic Switch-Off
Real-Time-Clock and Date
Calibration Mode
Backlit Display
Storage Function

Spectroquant Multy colorimeter another
option for on-site analysis
Complete, portable and flexible

solution comes with a case
and can be used with mains or
power pack (rechargeable
batteries), all accessories are
included.
SQ Multy enables to perform a

broad range of parameters on
one instrument.
Advantage: Documentation of
the results via PC or printer. Spectroquant Multy Colorimeter

Spectroquant NOVA 60 and Pharo
photometers for highest flexibility
Easy to handle because of bar-code

reading and stored blank values
Automatically identification system
also for rectangular cell sizes
(10, 20 and 50 mm)
Spectroquant NOVA 60
Low concentration measurements by
using 50 mm cells
Analytical Quality Assurance system
Documentation of the results via PC
or printer
Open and flexible systems for the
future
Spectroquant Pharo
Quantitative control of chlorine
perfectly with Spectroquant systems

The broad ranges of the Spectroquant tests
kits avoid dilution and reduce chemical waste.
no additional parts to be purchased saves cost

NEW
Flexible portfolio of powder
and liquid reagents.
Moisture doesnt effect the

liquid chlorine reagents
they are always ready to use
and keep for long time

Spectroquant System -
a complete solution to an analytical task
Reliable and complete systems to meet customers needs
MERCKs Spectroquant Chargenzertifikat

Lot Certificate / Certificado del lote
Spec troquant CSB-Kvettentest
Spec troquant COD Cell Test / Spectroquant Te st en cubetas DQO
System and its professional

Art.Nr. / Cat.No. / Art. Nro. 1.145 40.00 01 n = 10
S ollw ert
Target v alue / Messergebniss
Result / Resultado
Messbereich 10 - 150 m g/l C SB/C OD /DQ O Valor nom inal
(Standard / P atrn)
M easuring Range / Intervalo de m edida (S tandard / P atrn)
m g/l CS B/CO D/D QO
m g/l CS B/C OD/DQ O
Charge-N r. / Lot no. / Lote nro. OC 245380 10 11
Verwendbarkeit 25 27
01/04
Analytical Quality Assurance

E xpiry date / Fecha de caducidad
40 40
Standard / Patrn H ydrogenphthalat / H idrogenoftalato 1.02400 55 57
Photom eter / Fotm etro Referenz / Referenc e / Referencia 70 69
W ellenlnge / W avelength / Longitud de onda 445 nm 90 92
Kvette / C ell / C ubeta 16 m m rund / round / redonda 10 5 105
Prfer / Tester / V erificador Fr. Orth 12 0 120
(AQA) concept make internal

Datum / D ate / Fecha 23.03.2004 13 5 136
D atei / File / Fichero 114540_OC 24538 0 15 0 149
S ollwert Charg enw ert

K alibrierfunktion / Calibration Function / Funcin de calibracin Ta rge t va lue / Lot va lue /
Va lor nom ina l Va lor de l lote
Steigung / Slope / P endiente + /- Tolerance / Tolerancia 1,00 0,03 0,9 9

Ordinatenabschnitt / O rdinate segm ent / Intersecto en ordenadas 1
quality control operations

Reag.blindw ert / Reagent blank / V alor en blanco del react + /- Tolerance / Tolerancia 1 ,6 00 0,0 20 1,608

Verfah rens sta nd ard ab weich ung /
4 mg/l 3 m g/l

Standard d ev iation of proc edu re / Des viac i n es tn d ar de l p roc ed im iento
Verfahrensstandardabweichung /
S tandard deviation of procedure / D esviacin estndar del proc edim iento 1,1 m g/l

V erfahrensvariationskoeffizient /
Coefficient of variation of procedure / C oeficiente de v ariacin del proced im iento
2,5 % 1,4%

reliable and secure

Ozone for disinfection
Ozone can be applied as a disinfectant

Ozone can also aid the removal of contaminants from water by means of oxidation.
Ozone then purifies water by breaking up organic contaminants and converting
inorganic contaminants to an insoluble form that can be filtered out.
The Ozone system can remove up to twenty-five contaminants.
Chemicals that can be oxidized with ozone are:
Absorbable organic halogens (AOX)
Nitrite
Iron
Manganese
Cyanide
Pesticides
Nitrogen oxides
Odorous substances
Chlorinated hydrocarbons
PCB's

Measurement of higher ozone concentrations in

Ozone 10 mg/l Microquant 1.18758.0001 0 - 0.15 - 0.35 - 0.50 - 0.70 - 100

1.4 - 2.7 - 5 - 7 - 10 mg/l O3

Measurement of low ozone concentrations
in bottled drinking water according EU limits
Disinfectant Concentration Type of test Order no. Measuring range / graduation No. of
of disinfectant which can be deter-
after used minations
purification
Ozone 0.05 mg/l O3 Aquaquant 1.18755.0001 0.00 - 0.007 - 0.017 - 0.030 - 300
0.040 - 0.055 - 0.070 - 0.10 -
0.14 - 0.20 mg/l O3

Quantitative measurement of ozone in

concentration disinfectant after deter-
of disinfectant purification minations
Ozone 10 mg/l 0.05 mg/l O3 1.00607.0001 0.010 4.00 mg/l 200 Picco, Multy,
1.00607.0002 O3 1200 NOVA 60,
Pharo 100,
Pharo 300
SQ Ozone Test 1.00607

Chlorine dioxide for disinfection
ClO2 is used principally as a primary disinfectant for surface

waters with odor and taste problems.
It is an effective biocide at concentrations as low as 0.1 ppm
and over a wide pH range.
ClO2 penetrates the bacterial cell wall and reacts with vital
amino acids in the cytoplasm of the cell to kill the organisms.
The by-product of this reaction is chlorite.
Chlorine dioxide disinfects according to the same principle as
chlorine, however, as opposed to chlorine, chlorine dioxide
has no harmful effects on human health.

Measurement of higher chlorine dioxide concentrations

Aquaquant 1.18754.0001 0.00 - 0.020 - 0.050 - 0.075 - 300

Chlorine 0.4 mg/l ClO2 0.010 - 0.15 - 0.20 - 0.30 -
dioxide 0.40 - 0.55 mg/l ClO2
Microquant 1.18756.0001 0.00 - 0.50 - 0.90 - 1.4 - 1.9 - 100
3.8 - 7.5 - 13 - 19 - 28 mg/l
ClO2
1.18756.0001
1.18754.0001

Measurement of low chlorine dioxide concentrations
Disin- Concentration of Type of test Order no. Measuring range / No. of

fectant disinfectant after which can be graduation deter-
purification used minations
Chlorine max. 0.20 mg/l ClO2 Aquaquant 1.18754.0001 0.00 - 0.020 - 0.050 - 0.075 - 300
dioxide min. 0.05 mg/l ClO2 0.010 - 0.15 - 0.20 - 0.30 -
0.40 - 0.55 mg/l ClO2

Quantitative measurement of chlorine dioxide in

concentration of disinfectant after deter-
disinfectant purification minations
Chlorine 0.4 mg/l ClO2 max. 0.20 mg/l ClO2 1.00608.0001 0.020 10.00 200 Picco, Multy,
dioxide min. 0.05 mg/l ClO2 mg/l ClO2 NOVA 60,
Pharo 100,
Pharo 300
Procedure of SQ Chlorine Dioxide Test 1.00608:

Hydrogen peroxide for disinfection
Hydrogen peroxide is widely used thanks to its properties

It is a safe, effective, powerful and versatile oxidant.
The main applications of H2O2 are oxidation to aid odour control and
corrosion control, organic oxidation, metal oxidation and toxicity oxidation.
Food & Beverage industry: aseptic filling of food and beverages

Pharma & hospitals: Sterilization of certain thermolabile medical devices
and surgical instruments
The most difficult pollutants to oxidize may require H2O2 to be activated

with catalysts such as iron, copper, manganese or other transition metal
compounds.

Quantitative measurement of peroxide in bottled
drinking water according EU limits

concentration of disinfectant after determ.
disinfectant purification
Peroxide 17 mg/l H2O2 1 mg/l H2O2 1.14731.0001 2.0 - 20.0 mg/l H2O2 25 NOVA 60,
1.18789.0001 0.015 - 6.00 mg/l H2O2 100 Pharo 100,
Pharo 300
SQ Hydrogen Peroxide Cell Test 1.14731: SQ Hydrogen Peroxide Test 1.18789:

Remember? Semi-quantitative and quantitative
measurement of peroxide with test strips
Order No. Test Graduation

1.10011.0001 Merckoquant Peroxide Test 0.5 2 5 10 25 mg/l
1.10081.0001 Merckoquant Peroxide Test 1 3 10 30 100 mg/l
1.10337.0001 Merckoquant Peroxide Test 100 200 400 600 800 1000 mg/l
1.16974.0001 Reflectoquant Peroxide Test 0.2 20.0 mg/l
1.16731.0001 Reflectoquant Peroxide Test 100 1000 mg/l
Merck test strips:

Ready to use, easy handling
Quick results (approx. 1 min)
Test strips for different accuracies and measuring ranges are available:
Semi-quantitative results Merckoquant Test strips
Quantitative results Reflectoquant Tests, results are documented (GMP)
RQdata software is available to transmit results to your computer

Make your choice for your disinfection control
from Mercks test kits evaluation systems!
Visual Methods
Test strips Colorimetric tests

Merckoquant Microquant
Aquaquant
Quantitative Methods
Photometry
Reflectometry Spectroquant
Reflectoquant

END
Page 55
Back up
Page 56
Spectroquant Chlorine test kits:
(DPD - method)
Reaction:
In weakly acidic solution free chlorine reacts with diethyl (or dipropyl) p-
phenylenediamine (DPD) to form a red-violet dye that is determined
photometrically. In the presence of potassium iodide, also combined
chlorine is measured in this reaction.
The method is analogous to EPA 330.5, US Standard Methods 4500-
Cl2 G, and EN ISO 7393-2.
The samples are measured at 550 nm.

Important hint for both, free and total chlorine:
Very high chlorine concentrations in the sample produce

yellow-coloured solutions (measurement solution should
be red) and false-low readings are yielded. In such cases
the sample must be diluted (plausibility check).

How is it applied?
Chlorine dioxide can be used in two ways.

The first is the on-site generation through a special process.
The second is the possibility to order Chlorine dioxide in its stabilised
form (stabilised Chlorine dioxide = SCD). SCD is activated on-site
whenever its usage is desirable. It can be dosed into an existing or new
process where disinfection is required.
This makes it an easy-to-use, safe and versatile disinfectant.

The dosing system is compact, safe, flexible and low on maintenance.
Page 59
Stabilised Chlorine dioxide
Chlorine dioxide is an oxidizing biocide and not a metabolic toxin.

Chlorine dioxide kills micro organisms by disruption of the transport of
nutrients across the cell wall, not by disruption of a metabolic process.
Stabilised chlorine dioxide is ClO2 buffered in an aqueous solution.
Adding an acid to the required concentration activates the disinfectant.
Page 60
How does it work?
Of the oxidizing biocides, chlorine dioxide is the most selective oxidant.

Both ozone and chlorine are much more reactive than chlorine dioxide, and
they will be consumed by most organic compounds.
Chlorine dioxide however, reacts only with reduced sulphur compounds,
secondary and tertiary amines, and some other highly reduced and reactive
organics.
This allows much lower dosages of chlorine dioxide to achieve a more
stable residual than either chlorine or ozone.
Chlorine dioxide, generated properly (all chlorine dioxide is not created
equal), can be effectively used in much higher organic loading than either
ozone or chlorine because of its selectivity.
Page 61
Where is it applied?
Legionella prevention and control

In the prevention and control of legionnaires disease causing microbes, chlorine
dioxide has taken an eminent roll. The specific characteristics of the disinfectant
make sure ClO2 gets the job done where others fail.
Biofilm in the piping can protect legionella from most of the disinfectants.
ClO2 however removes the biofilm and kills the bacteria, spores and viruses.
Other advantages are:
The bactericidal efficiency is relatively unaffected by pH values between 4 and 10
The required contact time for ClO2 is lower
Chlorine dioxide has better solubility
Chlorine dioxide does not react with NH3 or NH4+
It destroys THM precursors and increases coagulation
ClO2 destroys phenols and has no distinct smell
Page 62
reduction of biofilms
A biofilm is a layer of micro organisms contained

in a matrix (slime layer), which forms on surfaces
in contact with water. Incorporation of pathogens
in biofilms can protect the pathogens from concen-
trations of biocides that would otherwise kill or
inhibit those organisms freely suspended in water.
Biofilms provide a safe haven for organisms like
Listeria, E. coli and legionella where they can
reproduce to levels where contamination of
products passing through that water becomes inevitable.
It has been proven beyond doubt that chlorine dioxide removes biofilm from
water systems and prevents it from forming when dosed at a continuous low
level. Hypochlorite on the other hand has been proven to have little effect
on biofilms.
Page 63
How effective is chlorine dioxide?
The effectiveness of chlorine dioxide is at least as high as chlorines, though

at lower concentrations. And there are more important advantages:
1. The bactericidal efficiency is relatively unaffected by pH values between 4 and 10;

2. Chlorine dioxide is clearly superior to chlorine in the destruction of spores, bacteria's,
viruses and other pathogen organisms on an equal residual base;
3. The required contact time for ClO2 is lower;
4. Chlorine dioxide has better solubility;
5. No corrosion associated with high chlorine concentrations. Reduces long term
maintenance costs;
6. Chlorine dioxide does not react with NH3 or NH4+;
7. It destroys THM precursors and increases coagulation;
8. ClO2 destroys phenols and has no distinct smell;
9. It is better at removing iron and magnesia compounds than chlorine, especially
complex bounds
Page 64
Cooling towers treatment with
Chlorine dioxide
Cleaning and disinfecting cooling towers is essential for several reasons. Most of which are
well known. Clean pipes mean higher heat exchange efficiency, pump lifetime improvement
and lower maintenance costs.
Most people however, are unfamiliar with the fact that cooling towers pose a possible health
risk. The high temperature is ideal for the growth of several pathogen organisms (like
legionella).
The usage of chlorine dioxide comes with several advantages:
It is a very powerful disinfectant and biocide
It prevents and removes biofilm
Unlike chlorine, Chlorine dioxide is effective at pH between 4 and 10. No dumping and filling with fresh
water required
The corrosive effects of chlorine dioxide are minimal compared to the corrosive effects of plain tap
water
The bactericidal efficiency is relatively unaffected by pH values between 4 and 10. Acidisation,
therefore is not required
Chlorine dioxide can be used as a spray. All parts therefore, can easily be reached
And last but not least: less environmental impact
Page 65
Scrubbers treatment with
Chlorine dioxide
Scrubbers are similar in design to cooling towers. The primary

difference between the two is that scrubbers are pressurized
systems, while cooling towers are vacuum systems.
Scrubber's re-circulate water and spray it across the top of the
system, counter-currently to the airflow. The function of re-
circulating water is to absorb odour-causing species from the
air.
Chlorine dioxide added to the re-circulated water reacts rapidly
with odour-causing species that have been absorbed in the
water, as well as those species that remain in the air. Usually,
a very low chlorine dioxide residual, around 0.2 ppm, is
sufficient to ensure odour control.
Page 66
Potable water disinfection with
Chlorine dioxide
Chlorine dioxide has been used for years in potable water disinfection (US since
1944). The need arose when it was discovered that chlorine and similar products
formed some dangerous DPD's (disinfection by-products) like THM
(trihalomethanes).
Since then many UK and US based water companies have started using ClO2.
There are however more reasons to use chlorine dioxide:
The bactericidal efficiency is relatively unaffected by pH values between 4 and 10
Chlorine dioxide is clearly superior to chlorine in the destruction of spores, bacteria's,
viruses and other pathogen organisms on an equal residual base
No corrosion associated with high chlorine concentrations. Reduces long term
maintenance costs
It is better at removing iron and magnesia compounds than chlorine, especially complex
bounds
Page 67
Vegetables washing with
Chlorine dioxide
Chlorine dioxide is an excellent product for washing vegetables. The ability

to kill spores, viruses and fungi at low concentrations is essential.
ClO2 is a proven product that can be used to solve several food-related
problems. It does not affect taste, odour or appearance. It is safe to use
and complies with food regulations. Below are some examples where
chlorine dioxide has been applied:
Control of E.Coli and listeria bacteria's
Potatoes: protection against "late blight" and "silver scurf"
Lettuce, celeries and onions: compared to hypochlorite the vitamin-C content
resulted higher and the potassium content lower
Citrus fruits: protection against "green mould" and "sour rot" proved to be
successful at several pH values, low concentrations and limited contact time.
Page 68
Hot and cold water systems with
Chlorine dioxide
The advantages in using chlorine dioxide with hot and cold water systems
have already been shown at the descriptions on biofilm and legionella.
There are however more advantages:
The bactericidal efficiency is relatively unaffected by pH values betw. 4 and 10
Chlorine dioxide is clearly superior to chlorine in the destruction of spores,
bacteria's, viruses and other pathogen organisms on an equal residual base
(even cryptosporidium and giardia)
No corrosion associated with high chlorine concentrations. Reduces long term
maintenance costs
It is better at removing iron and magnesia compounds than chlorine, especially
complex bounds
Page 69
Oxidants for disinfection
Chemical oxidation processes use (chemical) oxidants to

reduce COD/BOD levels, and to remove both organic and
oxidisable inorganic components.
The processes can completely oxidise organic materials to
carbon dioxide (CO2) and water, although it is often not
necessary to operate the processes to this level of treatment.
A wide variety of oxidation chemicals are available. Examples
are:
Hydrogen peroxide
Ozone
Combined ozone & peroxide
Oxygen
Page 70
Oxygen for disinfection
Oxygen can be applied as an oxidant, for instance to realize

the oxidation of iron and manganese.
The reactions that occur during oxidation by oxygen are
usually quite similar.
These are the reactions of the oxidation of iron and

manganese with oxygen:
2 Fe2+ + O2 + 2 OH- -> Fe2O3 + H2O
2 Mn2+ + O2 + 4 OH- -> 2 MnO2 + 2 H2O
Page 71
Hypochlorite for disinfection
Hypochlorite is applied in the same way as chlorine dioxide

and chlorine.
Hypo chlorination is a disinfection method that is not used

widely anymore, since an environmental agency proved that
the Hypochlorite for disinfection in water was the cause of
bromate consistence in water.
Page 72
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Disinfection control

Performance & Life Science Chemicals

March 28, 2010 Disinfection control Page 2

Most frequently the following disinfectants are used

Peroxide, Peracetic acid, Glutardialdehyde,

Disinfectants are tested before the cleaning:

....and after the cleaning process:

March 28, 2010 Disinfection control Page 3

March 28, 2010 Disinfection control Page 4

Food & Beverage industry, Pharma industry, hospitals

March 28, 2010 Disinfection control Page 5

Titration of peracetic acid:

March 28, 2010 Disinfection control Page 6

March 28, 2010 Disinfection control Page 7

peracetic acid + water

March 28, 2010 Disinfection control Page 8

Transfer 5.00 ml of the peracetic acid solution to be determined to an

At this stage the hydrogen peroxide is determined.

March 28, 2010 Disinfection control Page 9

After that add immediately 0.5 1.0 g potassium iodide GR and 5 ml

March 28, 2010 Disinfection control Page 10

Merckoquant Test Strips

- Take a test strip

- Dip it briefly into the solution to be tested

March 28, 2010 Disinfection control Page 11

You prefer quantitative and documented tests?

March 28, 2010 Disinfection control Page 12

item # Handling Graduation or measuring range

1169750001 MR 1.0 - 22.5 mg/l

1169760001 MR 75 - 400 mg/l

March 28, 2010 Disinfection control Page 13

Titration method: Merck test strips:

Features and Benefits of the test strips

Glutaraldehyde is used for a number of applications:

March 28, 2010 Disinfection control Page 15

Merckoquant Glutardialdehyde Test

March 28, 2010 Disinfection control Page 16

Features and Benefits

High quality colour scales for reliable results

Low cost, ideal to screen the safety of the

March 28, 2010 Disinfection control Page 17

Order No. Test Graduation

1.10011.0001 Merckoquant Peroxide Test * 0.5 2 5 10 25 mg/l

1.17920.0001 Merckoquant Quaternery Ammonium 10 25 50 100 250 500 mg/l

* Low ranges to control the residuals

March 28, 2010 Disinfection control Page 18

Order No. Test Measuring range

* Low ranges to control the residuals

Features and Benefits

Test strips are measured in the RQflex 10 instrument (1.16970)

March 28, 2010 Disinfection control Page 19

Disinfectants kill present unwanted micro organisms in water. There are

March 28, 2010 Disinfection control Page 20

March 28, 2010 Disinfection control Page 21

Disinfectant Maximum Type of test Order no. Measuring range / No. of

Microquant 1.14978.0001 0.1 - 0.2 - 0.3 - 0.4 - 0.6 - 0.8 600

1.14978.0001 (liquid DPD) 1.14976.0001 (powder DPD)

March 28, 2010 Disinfection control Page 22

Disinfectant Concentration of Type of test Order no. Measuring range / No. of

Aquaquant 1.14434.0001 0.01 - 0.025 - 0.045 - 0.06 - 300

1.14978.0001 (liquid DPD)

March 28, 2010 Disinfection control Page 23

Microquant colour disk comparator