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Tool Review
Early Childhood Measurement and Evaluation (ECME), a portfolio within CUP, produces
Early Childhood Measurement Tool Reviews as a resource for those who conduct screening,
assessment, and evaluation. To learn more about ECME and CUP, provide feedback, or to
access additional reviews, visit our website at www.cup.ualberta.ca or email us at
cup@ualberta.ca
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Purpose:
TheBASC2isabehavioralassessmenttoolthatcanbeused:
fortreatmentprogramplanning,evaluation,andintervention,
toassistwithdifferentialdiagnoseswhenusedinconjunctionwiththeDSMIV,
todetermineeducationalclassificationandprogrammingassistanceeligibility,
withothertoolsfeaturingoverlappingnormsforincreasedaccuracyandreliability,
toassistindeterminingcausesofproblembehaviorforchildrenwithdisabilities,
forforensicevaluation.
AStructuredDevelopmentalHistory(SDH)interview/reportisalsoavailable;however,the
authorsdonotstatethelengthoftheadministration.Finally,theStudentObservation
System(SOS)isanadditionalmeasurethatallowsthecliniciantoobserveandevaluatethechild
oradolescentsdailyclassroombehaviordirectly,andtakesapproximately15minutesfor
observation.ThenewPortableObservationSystem(POP)canbeplacedonaPDAorlaptopand
offersastreamlinedwayofcollectingobservationaldataelectronically.Theamountoftime
requiredforthescoringandinterpretationofanyofthesemeasuresisnotdiscussedinthe
manual.
Thetoolconsistsof5differentkindsofreports/formsthatarecompletedbyanarrayofparents,
teachers,caregivers,theexaminee,andtheclinician:
TheTeacherRatingScales(TRS)areseparatedinto3forms:preschool(ages2to5),child
(ages6to11),andadolescent(ages12to21).TheTRShasbetween100and139items
thatareratedona4pointscaleofbehavioralfrequencyfromNevertoAlmostAlways.
TheParentRatingScales(PRS)sharethesameagegroupforms,andhavebetween134to
160itemsusingthesame4pointratingsystem.
TheSelfReportofPersonality(SRP)uses3separateforms:child(ages8to11),adolescent
(ages12to21),andcollege(ages18to25).Anoralinterviewbasedformisalsoavailable
(SRPI)forchildrenaged6to7years.Childrenareorallypresentedquestionsandaskedto
respondwithasimpleyesornoresponse.
ThereisalsoanewParentRelationshipQuestionnaire(PRQ)thatcanbeusedin
conjunctionwithotherparentreportmeasuresoralonetogatherinformationaboutachild
oradolescentsrelationshipwiththeirparents.
Totalrawscoresforeachscaleareconvertedintocompositescores,scaled(normative)
scores,percentilescores,andplottedasbehavioralprofiles.
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Materials:
ThepublisherclassifiestheBASC2asaLevelCqualificationthatistargetedtoinstitutionswith
personnelpossessingmastersordoctoratesofpsychologyoreducation,and/orhaslicensureina
relevantareaofassessmentwithaprovincialornationalorganization.
TheBASC2kitisavailablefromthepublisherinavarietyofpackages,rangingfromCDN$139to
$1780.TheBASC2HandScoredStarterSet(CDN$620)includesthemanual,manualsupplement
forSRPI,25ofeachhandscoredformsfortheTRS,PRS,SRP,SRPI,ParentFeedbackReport,SDH
andSOS.ScoringsoftwareisavailableforscannersandmanualentryforbothWindowsandMac
platforms.Thepublisheralsocarriesadditionalscoringformpacks,testitemsonCD,andtraining
videosinDVDandVHSformat.Forparentsandstudentsthathavedifficultywithreading,test
itemsareavailableonaudioCDinbothEnglishandSpanish(PRSandSRP).
Accessibility:
TheBASC2(manualsandforms)areavailableintheEnglishandSpanishlanguages.Themanual
alsonotesthatindividualswithlimitationsofvisionandhearingcanbeassessedusingthetool,
howeverwheninterpretingtestscorestheseshouldbeconsidered.
Subscales:
TheBASC2consistsof16primaryscalesand7optionalscales,alongwith5compositescales.
Sincesomescalesarenotapplicabletocertainagegroups(i.e.theActivitiesofDailyLivingscale
doesnotapplytoadolescents),thenumberofsubscalesuseddependsupontheageofthechild
beingmeasured.Furthermore,somesubscalesarealsonotapplicabletocertainformsfor
exampletheLearningProblemsscaledoesnotapplytotheParentRatingScalesform.TheBASC2
compositescalesconsistof:AdaptiveSkills,BehavioralSymptomsIndex,ExternalizingProblems,
InternalizingProblems,andSchoolProblems.Dependingupontheagegroupsandratingforms
used,theindividualwillhave45compositescorescomprisedof1116primaryscales.Depending
upontheindividualsbehaviouralcircumstances,17optionalcontentscalescanbeexaminedat
thediscretionoftheclinician.
Documentation:
ThemanualincludedintheBASC2kitcontainsspecificproceduresforadministration,scoring,
andextensivesectionsoninterpretation.Themanualalsohaslengthysectionsdiscussingthe
normativesample,standardization,validityandreliability.
SincetheBASC2isthenewestversionoftheBehaviorAssessmentSystemforChildren,veryfew
academicreviewsorstudiesofthetestareavailable.
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Normative Sample:
TheBASC2wasnormedusingtwopopulations:(1)ageneralpopulationsampleofAmerican
childrenandadolescentsfromvarioussettings:public/privateschools,mentalhealth
clinics/hospitalsandpreschools/daycares,and(2)aclinicalnormsampleofAmericanchildren
andadolescents(ages418)whowerediagnosedwithemotional,behavioural,orphysical
problems.
Thegeneralpopulationsamplehadatotalof4,650TeacherRatingScalesreports,4,800Parent
RatingScalesreports,and3,400SelfReportonPersonalityreports.Intermsofagegroups,there
were2,250TRSandPRSforpreschoolages25,3,600TRS,PRSandSRPforchildrenages611,
and5,500TRS,PRSandSRPforadolescents(ages1218).Itshouldbenotedthatlimitedsample
sizesareavailableforages2and18,althoughtheauthorsclaimthatthishashadanegligible
effectonthenorms.Intermsofgenderandethnicrepresentation,thegeneralsampleisextremely
closetoU.S.populationestimates.DatawerealsocollectedfortheSRPCOL(CollegelevelSRP)for
ages1825usinganAmericansampleof706students.
Theclinicalsamplehadatotalof5,281reportsacrosstheTRS,PRSandSRPscales.Thesample
wascomprisedof317preschoolaged(25)children,673childrenages611,and789adolescents
ages1218.Thechildrenusedinthissamplehadavarietyofdiagnoses,includingspecificlearning
disabilities,speech/languageimpairments,emotional/behaviouraldisturbances,hearing
impairmentandADD/ADHD.Additionaldemographicinformationforbothsamplesisdetailedin
themanual.
Reliability:
TheBASC2manualdiscussesthreekindsofreliabilitymeasuresthatwereestablishedbasedon
thetwoaforementionedsamples.
InternalConsistency:Ananalysisofinternalconsistencyyieldedcoefficientalphareliabilities
generallyinthe.90sforthecompositescales,andreliabilitiesgenerallyinthe.80sforindividual
scalesacrossallforms(TRS,PRS,SRP)inboththegeneralsampleandtheclinicalsample.
TestretestReliability:Samplesofindividualsdistributedacrossthethreeagegroups,thatwere
partofboththegeneralandclinicalsamples,wereretestedwiththeBASC2onetoeightweeks
afterthefirstadministration.ThetestretestreliabilitieswerecalculatedforTRS,PRSandSRP,
andyieldedaveragecorrelationsin.80sforcompositescoresandbetweenthe.70sand.80sfor
individualscalesacrossallagegroups.
InterraterReliability:InterraterreliabilityanalysiswasperformedfortheTeacherandParent
reportsforasignificantamountofthescores.Twosamples(forTRSandPRS)weretestedand
ratedby2teachersand2parentsrespectively.Medianreliabilitiesforcompositescoresranged
from.57to.74,andmedianreliabilitiesrangedfrom.53to.65acrossindividualscalesfortheTRS
sample.ThePRSsamplehadmedianreliabilitiesforbothcompositescoresandindividualscales
inthe.70s.
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Validity:
TheBASC2includesanextensivesectionontestvalidity.Accordingtotheauthors,theBASC2
wasdevelopedusingcontentthatcamefromteachers,parents,childrenandpsychologists.The
toolwasalsodevelopedusingdiagnosticcriteriafromtheDSMIVandDSMIVTR,aswellasother
behaviouralinstruments.
Construct,Convergent,andDiscriminativeValidity:Themanualdiscussesseveralvalidation
measuresthatweredesignedtoassesstheBASC2ssimilaritytootherkindsofbehaviouralscales.
FortheTeacherRatingScalesform,thetoolwascomparedtoseveralrelatedbehavioural
assessmenttools,suchas:theAchenbachSystemofEmpiricallyBasedAssessmentCaregiver
TeacherReportForm(ASEBA),ConnersTeacherRatingScaleRevised(CTSRR),andthe
previousversionoftheBehaviorAssessmentSystemforChildren(BASC).Ingeneral,correlations
betweensubscaleswerehigh(inthe.70sand.80s)whentheyaddressedsimilarcontent;as
expectedtheBASC2washighlycorrelated(inthe.90s)withthepreviousBASC.
Similarly,thePRSscalewascomparedwithotherbehaviouralmeasuressuchastheASEBA
ChildBehaviorChecklistforAges15,theConnersParentRatingScaleRevised,theBehavior
RatingInventoryofExecutiveFunctioning(BRIEF),andtheBASC.Generally,theBASC2
correlatedinthe.70sand.80swiththefirstthreescales,andinthe.90swiththepreviousBASC.
Finally,adolescentandcollegescoresontheSRPscalewerecorrelatedwithrelatedselfreport
measuresintheASEBAYouthSelfReport,theConnersWellsAdolescentSelfReportScale(CASS),
ChildrensDepressionInventory(CDI),RevisedChildrensManifestAnxietyScale(RCMAS),Brief
SymptomInventory(BSI),BeckDepressionInventoryII(BDIII),MinnesotaMultiphasic
PersonalityInventory2(MMPI2)andtheBASC.Correlationsbetweenthetoolsvariedwidely
dependinguponthespecificsubscalesthatwerecompared,howeveringeneralthecorrelations
fellinthe.50sand.60s.ThemanualalsoincludesprofilesforclinicalsamplesfortheTRS,PRSand
SRPscales;howeverthisinformationisbeyondthescopeofthisreview.
Publication Information:
TheBehaviorAssessmentSystemforChildrenSecondEdition(BASC2)wasdevelopedbyCecil
R.ReynoldsandRandyW.Kamphaus.Thisreviewisbasedonthe2ndeditionpublishedin2004
byAGSPublishing.
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