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Whereas the Parliament of India has set out to provide a practical regime of right to
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in order to promote transparency and accountability in the working of every public authority,
and whereas the attached publication of the Bureau of Indian Standards is of particular interest
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The Right to Information, The Right to Live Step Out From the Old to the New

IS/ISO 20474-3 (2008): Earth Moving Machinery - Safety,

Part 3: Requirements for Loaders [MED 7: Material Handling
Systems and Equipment]

! $ ' +-
Satyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda
Invent a New India Using Knowledge

! > 0 B


BharthariNtiatakam
Knowledge is such a treasure which cannot be stolen
 IS/ISO 20474-3 : 2008

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feV~Vh mBkus dh e'khujh lqj{kk
Hkkx 3 yksMjksa dh vis{kk,

Indian Standard
EARTH-MOVING MACHINERYSAFETY
PART 3 REQUIREMENTS FOR LOADERS

ICS 53.100

BIS 2013
BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS
MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEW DELHI 110002

January 2013 Price Group 5

Material Handling Systems and Equipment Sectional Committee, MED 07

NATIONAL FOREWORD

This Indian Standard (Part 3) which is identical with ISO 20474-3 : 2008 Earth-moving machinery
Safety Part 3: Requirements for loaders issued by the International Organization for Standardization
(ISO) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards on the recommendation of the Material Handling
Systems and Equipment Sectional Committee and approval of the Mechanical Engineering Division
Council.

This standard is published in various parts. Other parts in this series are:
Part 1 General requirements
Part 2 Requirements for tractor-dozers
Part 4 Requirements for backhoe-loaders
Part 5 Requirements for hydraulic excavators
Part 6 Requirements for dumpers
Part 7 Requirements for scrapers
Part 8 Requirements for graders
Part 9 Requirements for pipelayers
Part 10 Requirements for trenchers
Part 11 Requirements for earth and landfill compactors
Part 12 Requirements for cable excavators
Part 13 Requirements for rollers
Part 14 Information on national and regional provisions [Technical specification] (Indias specific
requirement are to be included)

The text of ISO Standard has been approved as suitable for publication as an Indian Standard without
deviations. Certain conventions are, however, not identical to those used in Indian Standards. Attention
is particularly drawn to the following:
a) Wherever the words International Standard appear, referring to this standard, they should be
read as Indian Standard.
b) Comma (,) has been used as a decimal marker while in Indian Standards the current practice
is to use a point (.) as the decimal marker.

In this adopted standard, reference appears to certain International Standards for which Indian
Standards also exist. The corresponding Indian Standards which are to be substituted in their respective
places are listed below along with their degree of equivalence for the editions indicated:
International Standard Corresponding Indian Standard Degree of Equivalence
ISO 2867 : 2006 Earth-moving IS/ISO 2867 : 2006 Earth-moving Identical
machinery Access systems machinery Access systems
ISO 3457 : 2003 Earth-moving IS/ISO 3457 : 2003 Earth-moving do
machinery Guards Definitions machinery Guards Definitions
and requirements and requirements
ISO 6165 : 2006 Earth-moving IS/ISO 6165 : 2006 Earth-moving do
machinery Basic types machinery Basic types
Identification and terms and Identification and terms and
definitions definitions

(Continued on third cover)

 IS/ISO 20474-3 : 2008

Indian Standard
EARTH-MOVING MACHINERYSAFETY
PART 3 REQUIREMENTS FOR LOADERS

1 Scope
This part of ISO 20474 gives the safety requirements specific to loaders as defined in ISO 6165. It is intended
to be used in conjunction with ISO 20474-1, which specifies general safety requirements common to earth-
moving machine families, and with ISO/TS 20474-14, which gives information on provisions that are
mandatory in particular countries or regions. The specific requirements given in this part of ISO 20474 take
precedence over the general requirements of ISO 20474-1.

This part of ISO 20474 deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to the
earth-moving machinery within its Scope when used as intended or under conditions of misuse reasonably
foreseeable by the manufacturer (see also ISO/TS 20474-14). It specifies the appropriate technical measures
for eliminating or reducing risks arising from significant hazards, hazardous situations or events during
commissioning, operation and maintenance. It is not applicable to machines manufactured before the date of
its publication.

2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.

ISO 2867, Earth-moving machinery Access systems

ISO 3457, Earth-moving machinery Guards Definitions and requirements

ISO 6016, Earth-moving machinery Methods of measuring the masses of whole machines, their equipment
and components

ISO 6165, Earth-moving machinery Basic types Identification and terms and definitions

ISO 6682, Earth-moving machinery Zones of comfort and reach for controls

ISO 7131, Earth-moving machinery Loaders Terminology and commercial specifications

ISO 14397-1:2007, Earth-moving machinery Loaders and backhoe loaders Part 1: Calculation of rated
operating capacity and test method for verifying calculated tipping load

ISO 14397-2, Earth-moving machinery Loaders and backhoe loaders Part 2: Test method for measuring
breakout forces and lift capacity to maximum lift height

ISO 20474-1:2008, Earth-moving machinery Safety Part 1: General requirements

1
IS/ISO 20474-3 : 2008

3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 20474-1 and ISO 7131, and the
following apply.

3.1
loader
self-propelled crawler or wheeled machine having front-mounted equipment primarily designed for loading
operation (bucket use), which loads or excavates through forward motion of the machine

NOTE 1 A loader work cycle normally comprises filling, elevating, transporting and discharging material.

NOTE 2 Derivated machinery: loaders can also be used for derivated applications (see ISO 20474-1:2008, 3.1.2).

3.2
compact loader
loader with an operating mass as defined in ISO 6016 of 4 500 kg or less, designed to work in confined
spaces with the associated needs for greater manoeuvrability

3.3
skid steer loader
loader normally having an operator station between attachment-supporting structures and steered by using
variation of speed and/or direction of rotation between traction drives on opposite sides of a machine with
fixed axles or with tracks

3.4
swing loader
loader having a swing-type lift arm with a swinging angle to the left and right from a straight position

NOTE A swing loader work cycle is normally similar to a loader cycle except that, additionally, work can be done
offset of the machine track.

3.5
hydraulic lift capacity
maximum mass that can be lifted in any arm position with the fork in horizontal position limited by the
hydraulic circuit working pressure according to ISO 14397-2

4 Safety requirements and/or protective measures

4.1 General

Loaders shall comply with the safety requirements and/or protective measures of ISO 20474-1, in as far as
those are not modified by the specific requirements of this clause.

4.2 Loaders with front access

The access system of loaders with front access shall be in accordance with ISO 2867.

4.3 Operator's seat

For mandatory national and/or regional provisions, see ISO/TS 20474-14.

4.4 Rear windows

ISO 20474-1:2008, 4.3.2.7 and 4.3.2.9 for the rear window(s) shall apply, with the exception that no motorized
wiper(s) and washers are required for loaders with a cab width u 750 mm, measured outside of the cab to the
height of the SIP (seat index point).

2
 IS/ISO 20474-3 : 2008

For mandatory national and/or regional provisions, see ISO/TS 20474-14.

4.5 Protection

4.5.1 Roll-over protective structures (ROPS)

ISO 20474-1, 4.3.3, shall apply.

For mandatory national and/or regional provisions, see ISO/TS 20474-14.

4.5.2 Falling object protective structures (FOPS)

For mandatory national and/or regional provisions, see ISO/TS 20474-14.

4.5.3 Fenders

ISO 20474-1:2008, 4.14.7, is not applicable to compact loaders with front access.

4.5.4 Operator's controls and indicators

ISO 20474-1:2008, 4.5, shall apply, with the following addition for compact loaders with front access.

Controls for lifting and lowering the loader linkage, machine movement and hydraulically controlled
attachments (e.g. multi-purpose bucket) shall be either automatically mechanically secured (e.g. by a safety
bar) or automatically deactivated when the operator leaves/enters the operator's compartment.

4.5.5 Guarding for loaders with front access

Loaders shall be fitted with side protection that prevents the operator from reaching the trapping parts
between the side arms and fixed parts of the machine when the operator is seated in the operator's position.
Opening in the guards shall comply with ISO 3457. For the lower limbs, guards are required within the zone of
reach as specified in ISO 6682 and shall have a minimum height of 200 mm from the floor plate.

4.5.6 Restraint systems for machines with front access

For mandatory national and/or regional provisions, see ISO/TS 20474-14.

4.6 Stability

4.6.1 General requirements

For mandatory national and regional provisions, see ISO/TS 20474-14.

4.6.2 Bucket application

For mandatory national and/or regional provisions, see ISO/TS 20474-14.

4.6.3 Fork application

For mandatory national and/or regional provisions, see ISO/TS 20474-14.

4.6.4 Log handling application

For mandatory national and/or regional provisions, see ISO/TS 20474-14.

3
IS/ISO 20474-3 : 2008

4.6.5 Single heavy object (non-palletized, single heavy object) application

4.6.5.1 General

The rated operating capacity is based on the use of a single heavy object handling device (for a non-palletized
load), determined using the criteria given in 4.6.5.2 to 4.6.5.4.

4.6.5.2 Rated load Transport mode

The tipping load shall be determined in accordance with ISO 14397-1, except for the stability factor as stated
in ISO 14397-1:2007, 5.1, with the block handling attachment (e.g. stone fork) in a fully roll-back-and-carry
position:

the rated load capacity as given in Table 1 is valid only for speeds u 10 km/h;

the rated load according to this mode, as a percentage of the tipping load, shall not exceed the applicable
value specified in Table 1 when operating on a flat, hard surface.

Table 1 Stability factors in single heavy object handling in transport mode

Rated load capacity as a percentage of tipping load

Ground condition
Wheeled loaders Crawler loaders

Firm and level ground 80 60

4.6.5.3 Hydraulic lift capacity

It shall be possible to control the rated load in all positions foreseen by the manufacturer, considering all the
relevant hydraulic circuits involved.

4.6.5.4 Rated operating capacity

The rated operating capacity shall be determined either by

the rated load according to 4.6.5.2, or

the hydraulic lift capacity as specified in 4.6.5.3,

whichever is the lesser of the two.

4.6.5.5 Handling attachment

The centre of gravity distance, D, of the attachment is shown in Figure 1.

For indicating the rated operating load for a single heavy object handling attachment, a transversal square
cross-section of the load should be considered.

The specifications in Table 2 should preferably be selected.

4.6.6 Object handling application

For mandatory national and/or regional provisions, see ISO/TS 20474-14.

4
 IS/ISO 20474-3 : 2008

Key
D distance, mm (see Table 2)
F load, N
G centre of gravity

Figure 1 Load centre distance with fork arms

Table 2 Load centre distance

Load, F Distance, D
N mm
F u 100 000 600

100 000 < F u 200 000 900

F > 200 000 1 200

4.6.7 Other applications

The rated load of derivated machinery shall be determined by the manufacturer according to the load
specification given in 4.6.2 to 4.6.6, considering the comparable hazard.

5 Verification of safety requirements and/or protective measures

ISO 20474-1:2008, Clause 5, shall apply.

6 Information for use

ISO 20474-1:2008, Clause 6, shall apply with the following additions to the operator's manual (6.2):

The manufacturer shall provide information on the rated operating capacity as well as the corresponding
operating conditions:

the bucket application according to 4.6.2;

the fork application according to 4.6.3.

For mandatory national and/or regional provisions, see ISO/TS 20474-14.

5
IS/ISO 20474-3 : 2008

Annex A
(informative)

Illustrations

NOTE Wheeled loader with an operating mass greater than 4 500 kg.

Figure A.1 Wheeled loader

NOTE Wheeled loader with an operating mass u 4 500 kg, designed to work in confined spaces and with a need for
greater manoeuvrability.

Figure A.2 Compact wheeled loader

6
 IS/ISO 20474-3 : 2008

Figure A.3 Skid steer loader

Figure A.4 Crawler loader

7
IS/ISO 20474-3 : 2008

NOTE Crawler or wheeled loader with an optional attachment that does not change the safety requirement of the
base machine but modifies the application for use.

Figure A.5 Wheeled loader with fork arms

NOTE Crawler or wheeled loader with an optional attachment that does not change the safety requirement of the
base machine but modifies the application for use.

Figure A.6 Wheeled loader with grapple

8
 IS/ISO 20474-3 : 2008

Bibliography

[1] ISO 2330, Fork-lift trucks Fork arms Technical characteristics and testing

[2] ISO 3164, Earth-moving machinery Laboratory evaluations of protective structures Specifications
for deflecting-limiting volume

[3] ISO 3449, Earth-moving machinery Falling-object protective structures Laboratory tests and
performance requirements

[4] ISO 7096, Earth-moving machinery Laboratory evaluation of operator seat vibration

[5] ISO 7546, Earth-moving machinery Loader and front loading excavator buckets Volumetric
ratings

[6] ISO 8643, Earth-moving machinery Hydraulic excavator and backhoe loader boom-lowering control
device Requirements and tests

[7] ISO 12100-1:2003, Safety of machinery Basic concepts, general principles for design Part 1:
Basic terminology, methodology

[8] ISO 12100-2:2003, Safety of machinery Basic concepts, general principles for design Part 2:
Technical principles

9
(Continued from second cover)

International Standard Corresponding Indian Standard Degree of Equivalence

ISO 6682 : 1986 Earth-moving
machinery Zones of comfort and
reach for controls
ISO 7131 : 1997 Earth-moving
machinery Loaders
Terminology and commercial
specifications
ISO 20474-1 : 2008 Earth-moving
machinery Safety Part 1:
General requirements
IS 11252 : 1993 Earth-moving Identical
machinery Zones of comfort and
reach for controls (first revision)
IS/ISO 7131 : 1997 Earth-moving do
machinery Loaders
Terminology and commercial
specifications
IS/ISO 20474-1 : 2008 Earth-moving do
machinery Safety: Part 1 General
requirements

The technical committee has reviewed the provisions of the following International Standards referred
in this adopted standard and has decided that they are acceptable for use in conjunction with this
standard:
International Standard Title
ISO 6016 : 2008 Earth-moving machinery Methods of measuring the masses of whole
machines, their equipment and components
ISO 14397-1 : 2007 Earth-moving machinery Loaders and backhoe loaders Part 1:
Calculation of rated operating capacity and test method for verifying
calculated tipping load
ISO 14397-2 : 2007 Earth-moving machinery Loaders and backhoe loaders Part 2: Test
method for measuring breakout forces and lift capacity to maximum lift
height

For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with, the
final value, observed or calculated, expressing the result of a test or analysis shall be rounded off in
accordance with IS 2 : 1960 Rules for rounding off numerical values (revised). The number of
significant places retained in the rounded off value should be the same as that of the specified value
in this standard.
Bureau of Indian Standards

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harmonious development of the activities of standardization, marking and quality certification of goods
and attending to connected matters in the country.

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Review of Indian Standards

Amendments are issued to standards as the need arises on the basis of comments. Standards are also
reviewed periodically; a standard along with amendments is reaffirmed when such review indicates that
no changes are needed; if the review indicates that changes are needed, it is taken up for revision. Users
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referring to the latest issue of BIS Catalogue and Standards: Monthly Additions.

This Indian Standard has been developed from Doc No.: MED 07 (1138).

Amendments Issued Since Publication

______________________________________________________________________________________
Amendment No. Date of Issue Text Affected
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________

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