A REPORT ON TRIP TO 132/33Kv GRID SUBSTATION

Shubham pal
18.04.2017
This report is regarding the trip to MACT 132/33KV Grid Substation nehru nagar,Bhopal
and experiences during the visit on 18.04.2017.
We, 18 students of IV & VI EXE started at 10.00 a.m. from VNS FOE, Neelbud. We reached
Nehru nagar by 10.20 am. We were facilitated by One Assistant Engineer. He explained about all the
essentials and components of the 132KV substation. Also, he explained about SCADA and various
programming done in the control room i.e., PLC control. We cleared many of our practical and
technical doubts about substations from assistant engineer.

The
first
thing which we observe in the substation is Single line diagram in which having mentioned Circuit
breakers, Transformers, Protective relays,Lightening arresters, Load break switches, Electrical
contacts and etc.Due to the unique properties of SF6, it is used for 132KV & 220KV lines protection
and vaccum for 33KV & 11KV. In SF6-Circuit Breakers we use SF6 gas because it is an excellent
gaseous dielectric for high voltage power applications. It has been used extensively in high voltage
circuit breakers and other switch gears employed by the power industry applications for SF6 include
gas insulated transmission lines and gas insulated power distributions. The combined electrical,
physical, chemical and thermal properties offer many advantages when used in power switchgears.
Some of the outstanding properties of SF6 making it desirable to using power applications are:
 1. High dielectric strength
2. Unique arc-quenching ability
3. Excellent thermal stability
4. Good thermal conductivity

Lightening arresters are provided in order to discharge the high voltages, lightening surges
coming at the fault conditions due to lightening. It acts as main protective device for feeder. After the
Lightening arresters it is followed by Capacitance Voltage Transformer CVT which together
with the Wave trapper acts as LC circuit. Wave trapper is used as power line carrier communication.
It is also used for telecom purpose. In this substation we used CVTs in the place of PTs because it
easily passes high frequency signals.
Wave Trapper serves 5 purposes:
1. Telephone lines
2. Carrier wave
3. Mobile connection
4. Wireless communication
5. VSAT Satellite purposes.
The next device followed by CVTs is Current Transformers CTs. CTs are used for
measuring the current and used for protection purpose.
In this substation the 2 pole isolators are provided for minimum ground clearance. The main
equipment used to step-down the voltage level from 132KV to 33KV by using Stepdown
Transformer i.e. Auto-Transformer. It is used in the place of normal two winding transformer
because it consists of only one winding which acts as both primary winding and secondary winding.
 By using this Auto-Transformer we save the copper which used for winding, since it has only
one winding. But in two winding transformer there are two windings it needs more copper.
Transformers are provided with many types of protections like differential protection, trip coil
protection, trouble alarm protection, oil protection, PRV protection, OLTC protection, winding
temperature protection, on-load tap changing, over flux, under voltage, HV/LV, E/F protection etc.
Relay is used to sense the signals and these signals are send to Circuit Breaker at faulty
condition. Relays used in the substation of Distance relays, Buchholz relay etc. Distance Relays are
provided for distance protection at feeders. Buchholz relays are present in between the transformer
main tank and the conservator tank. These relays are used for transformer protection.

The transformers used are of 20KV/31.5MVA. The transformer protection involves the
Differential relay and Buchholz relay. The differential relay normally response to those faults
which occur inside the differential protection zone of transformer. The differential relay actually
compares between primary current and secondary current of power transformer, if any unbalance
found in between primary and secondary currents the relay will actuate and inter trip both the
primary and secondary circuit breaker of the transformer.Buchholz relay is a gas-actuated relay
installed in oil immersed transformers protection against all kinds of faults. It is used to give alarm in
case of slow developing faults or incipient faults in the transformer and to disconnect the transformer
from the supply in the event of severe inter faults. It is installed in the pipe between the conservator
and the main tank. This relay is used in oil immersed transformers of rating above 750kVA.

By Shubham pal, VI EXE student-2014 Batch