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Asignatura: Filogeografa
Fecha: 14/072017
1. Elija dos trabajos cientficos en donde trabajen por un lado con modelos
demogrficos histricos, usando escaline plot, y por otro con anlisis de mezcla.
Se secuenciaron las regiones del marcador de los 500 individuos y se llev a cabo un
alineamiento. Con el fin de realizar el rbol de la figura B se realiz un anlisis con
MrModeltest para determinar el modelo de sustitucin nucleotidica y posteriormente
realizar un rbol filogentico de inferencia bayesiana.
En los resultados se muestran sub especies muy diferentes, son cuatro especies las que se
encuentran bien definidas entre ellas (vulpina este, vulpina del sur, cinera, Arizona)
mientras que ripiara y especmenes sin asignacin de MGL podra decirse que se
encuentran agrupadas entre ellas tratndose de una sola poblacin.
Es posible que esta diferencia que existe entre las especies no sea tan benfico para los
vinicultores pues tienen que recurrir a mtodos diversos para combatir la plaga del pulgn,
en especial cuando se trata del pulgn vulpina del norte y del sur pues al tratarse de la
misma sub especie pdra pensarse en combatirla de la misma manera sin tener los mismos
resultados.
Fig 1. A) Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) of grape phylloxera MLGs that were assigned to five
populations based on the q > 0.9 or that two STRUCTURE analyses (q > 0.7) found were associated. The Xaxis accounts for
22.51% of the variation, while the Y-axis accounts for 8.86%. Samples from the introduced range
(Austria, Brazil, Hungary, Uruguay and the California SAL (single adult lineage) lines 101R1, 101R2, FreR1 and
FreR2B) grouped within the V. riparia population marked with the green circle. Samples within the smaller black
circle (closer to V. riparia population) are from Argentina and Peru, and include the California SAL lines AxRR1 and
VinR1, which grouped as an admixture between the V. riparia and V. vulpina east populations. The California foliar
sample WEO4802 (un-circled black dot) was found to be an admixture between the V. riparia and V. vulpina west
populations. B) Neighbor-joining tree constructed from 466 unique MLGs. Samples that were determined to be an
admixture of two populations by STRUCTURE analysis with q-values less than 0.7 were not assigned to any
population and are presented in black. Two samples in black circles within the V. vulpina west population were not
considered part of that group by STRUCTURE analysis, however both neighbor-joining tree and PCoA considered
them part of V vulpina west population. Samples in green circles within the unassigned MLGs were considered to be
part of the V. riparia population by STRUCTURE, and neighbor-joining tree and PCoA placed them within
unassigned admixed samples.
Referencias
1. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017-01799-w/figures/3
2.