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  • Transformer Ratio Measurement Using The M2H Test Set

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    Ariel Martinez N
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    Apuntes de pruebas de TTR usando el equipo M2H

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    Transformer Ratio Measurement Using the M2H Test Set

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    Apuntes de pruebas de TTR usando el equipo M2H

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    160 visualizzazioni31 pagine

    Transformer Ratio Measurement Using The M2H Test Set

    Caricato da

    Ariel Martinez N
    Apuntes de pruebas de TTR usando el equipo M2H

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    di 31
    ‘TRANSFORMER RATIO MEASUREMENTS USING THE M2H TEST SET D. Train and N.W, Hanson Doble Enginerig Company INTRODUCTION “Temsformes ratio measurements ae performed fer avai of azo. tis advisable, for exanple, to check the rai of new tranefrmer before Hey ae energized on it forthe st ie a order to canine Mf dames ee ‘ccured daring anspor or if connections to bushing bave been ade eomcly. I ie good macdee ieee ‘ats onal tring positions in case of ap changer malfunction Ii lo rouine mescwetont a eck ‘ath time ioumal comecions ae dsarted dae to winding repr, behing replicemens Or tmp chants ‘maintenance 4 method of measuring usformer tus ratio using th M2H tet es been developed. Based on a statsiat ‘raustion of clration daa of M2H test es and meauements on atl tansfonnes, the peobasiiy the de ‘ato measremenunoerainty wil not exceed 0.5% is 9.7 percent The rao tleaaca specified fy alr €5712.00-1987, is 05% The new tecnique allows the moto be meatued overs valuge age Noe ‘pprximately 500 vols 12 KY. Connection polarity ischecked automaticaly inthe process This tectmigne can be ased with other Doble text zc, bt at lower precision with typical uncertainties inthe egjonat perce ‘TRANSFORMER RATIO. During the manufxcure ofa tansrmer winding, the maaufatrer counts the sna numberof tars, The ve ‘us ratio Berween two windings, therefore the ai of te nuaberof ts inane winding tothe ume of turin the other. This ratio is abo equa to the ratio fe System pase voltages for which the arson: woe designed ‘Aer the windings have been assembled on the core and conecions have been made to bushings and ap hinges, the manufctrer then measures the raio as» quality conve! ebec. The measured te wie catly equal othe re mes rio case the transformer magoesiing creat prodces& vlage dios whee fw through the less impede of the energized wang ofthe asformer In some eases, connectors to ane winding ray be mae on oposite sides, thereby resulting in a sa wich may be one tare difeent os is ‘signe value," Acktionally, tthe ease of three-phase easter, the retoy ofthe windings oe he ee ls ae ies fom thse onthe cnt limb esas he magne pts and, consequently. he spc uents, are ifferent. The measwed ratio isthe open cia olage ats ands wally daly teal Ractee ote Percent difference fn the tu tans rio. However, thence may aporach ene percent the tances becwsen winding pass high asi the case of high voltae tern wince itis imporant and preferable, heefors, when measuring rats o it, to compare the measured values guint ‘hose measure originally in the toy and ot gaia th naples, FACTORS AFFECTING OPEN CIRCUIT VOLTAGE RATIO A semstvity analysis was pefooned onthe various parameters tht affect the open circuit voltage ratio of a Irnsformer Analysis was perfor by compute, was tused onthe simpifi opvalen ice of Figes fg phish Xe and ln represen the mgneiing and leaage impedances, respectively Im magticng careorad isan ical wansforns whose rao fs N. The concern of al ofthe letkage ipedanes os soe sae cr he imaging imped, as town reese a considerate evsimlinion of te elo cea pec when the transformer ison opea circuit becuse, under these conditions, Ue impedence b dite fear we, leakage impeduce tat exists when the uasformer # loaded. However, sine It represens the worst cas Sonera it was deemed acceptable becase the analysis was intended to ony isi ie relative importance of Such parameters s magnetizing curen.eakage impedsace, MVA, voltage ratings end winding srengement och 1s WyelWye, Wye, cle Tho clclated dain ae not intend to be used as cometionfctors "The open ircitvollage rai is defined as Voc = Vin'Vou. Ths ratio eslighly diferent fom the ratio Ne to Oe voltage drop acs the leakage impedance ceused bythe magnetizing curent IM. ‘During the analysis a type range of power ratings for volage clasts, varying frm 765 EV to 1S kV, a shown in Table I, was investigated. Mapnctiing sirens varying fom 0.35% to 1.5% of nominal curent leakage Impedance, varying fam 2.5% t 80%, were dled. ‘All Wye and Deli combination for three-phase and single-phase ansformers were investigated a T ‘Simplified Equivalent Circuit of Transformer igure 1 — TABLE 7 ‘linge No.of Phases Range of Power Rating “ Maine Maximo 165 1 100 MVA 1000 MVA 500 ' 100 500 3 250 ‘00 as 3 so 1200 oe 3 » 500 ° > s 250 “6 3 s 0 ms 5 a 0 2 3 2 2» 6 3 os 10 soeaeris TRA315.01 Revlon A Page 20 31 ‘The ference becween open-circuit voltage ratio and tre ts toa function of the maging curent and leakage impedance is shown in Figures 2 and 3. In Figure 2 the leakage impedance rnge overs hat between ‘igh voltage and low voltage windings on typical power tnsfomners. In Figure 3, he inpedane vies shown, ‘se representative of tose tetvezn the high Vltage wining andthe tary winding ofa power tanforme. 19 {he case of power tensformers having leakage impedances between igh votage and lw volage windings of up (0 20%, the difference between the opeoscuit vole aio and te te firs ratios les than 029 for magesicing currents pat exceding 1% of nerinal load ee « saonemsemeonnmt Ditfrence between Open-Circule Volage Rati and True Turns Rat ‘As Function of Magnetizing Cureat and Leakage Impedance Figure? cto ronan Diterence between Open-Circut Voltage Rati and True Turns Ratlo ‘As Function of Magnetizing Curent and Leakage Impedance Figure RATIO MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUE USING THE M2H TEST SET ‘The abily of the MAH to accurately measure espactinee ie ttizd in this new technique to measure transformer ‘ato, The concept is expsind wit reference fo Figure 4 The procedure reqies tha the transformer withthe ‘0 windings whose ratio is to be determined be conmeced in sucha ray tat te higher votage winding ‘chergized directly fom te text st ‘With the switch Sin Poston 1 the capactanes C1 = C is measred ata vokage level V._ With the switch in Peston 2, the volage across the capacitors redoed by N times to VIN and te cient through the eapactor decreases by the sae amount. However, since the reference branch ofthe test sti ail energized at Vs the ‘apparent capacitance “seen” by the test et is now C2 = CIN. Therefor, CUCZ =N, ithe tums aio the rao ofthe real othe apparent capuctancs ln practice, there is no switch, The changeover is accomplished by physically changing the capeitor connection om one bushing to another. In ation, sine the messing circus a ridge cites not eset! to apply cxacly the same vllage fr each measureent because the capacitance values meakred wil be independent of volage soos 7AASII501 Reon A Page 40 31 "Tet Cheat Connetns for Rao Mesmurgments IOURE « ‘The above procure eumaticlly provides confmatio of cores poet connecsion of the windings because, ifioeoreet, the epecitnce potentiometer on the istuert wil come agai he stop before ate minimum hasbeen reached during balncing ERRORS INTRODUCED BY CAPACTIVELY LOADING TRANSFORMER, Using the new tectniqus, he tansformer roi no longer measured withthe transformer on open circuit because the capacitor Cloas the transformer to a cersin exten. The effect of ths capacitive loading onthe rao was investigate ty computer using the eet of Figure 5. Ths circuits snl otha of Figure | wit he eon fa eapactor onthe ouput. Sings the capacitor provides additonal loading onthe taasforne, it will ave influence on the voltage drop across te leakage impedance X. The winding arangement, ie. Wye!W3e, or ‘WyeDeta, will ao have an influence on the depres of lading presented bya given sapentanc: therefore, the fect of al czcuit combinations wat nvertigsed Equivalent Circuit of Capackively Loaded Transformer Figures soars TASHIS Revision A Page Sof 31 ‘The influence of the winding arangenent with respect tothe captive faded an be seen in Figue 6, In this 285, 2 765 KV to 500 KV 100 MVA tnfarmer was studied. The various Wye/Delia combinaons were investigated fora capacitive load of 10 nF Iti immediately obvious tht the effeence in ols ts Sines treater whe th capacitor is connected fo a Delt winding than when ii connected io a Wye winding. This beemse such capacitor were‘o be connected to the transfer in cervice, it would be energized a te linet line vokage in the case of te Det: winding and only a the phase volage inthe case ofthe Wye winding. Ite loating effect is proprtional to the square ofthe voltage Therefore, ll fer computer smslaons were performed witha Wye/Dela configuration since this resented the worstetse stain, oa * 8 i ou H os 000 ° z 70 7 2 IMPEDANCE Capacitive Londing Effect on Ratio of a 768 KVISO0 KY, 100 MVA Transformer "igure 6 The in uence ofthe trasformer power ring was alo investigted. Consider two 765 KV/500 RV tasfiemers ‘ated at 100 MVA and 1000 MVA, espectivaly. ‘The nlunce ofthe epactr on the ati is shown in Figure? ‘a5 intvey expected, the greater the power rating ofthe taaformer, the smaller the pect of the apactve loeding on the ratio, Therefore al further computer simlatonswiized the minimum power ting for A given system votage sous TDASISA Revo A Page 60 31 RATIO DIFFERENCE % 03s 010 soova, 3 10 15 20 DAPEDANCE CCapactive Laading Effect on Rati of "765 KVISOO KV Transformers Figure? TAASHISA Reson A age 7 of 31 ‘The effet of captive oasing on ration forthe compte range of power transformers shawn in Table | was investigated. Typical results are shown in Figure, which llr te diffrene between he open cre rato tnd the ratio ofthe transformer wien Is capacively loaded as function of powering fr eifferet vals of leakage impedance. It should be noted th, in Figure 8, the transfonmer investigated was 4 765 KVISO0 KV ‘WyesDelia unit andthe maximum cto difference wis 1.8% comespanding fo leakage impedence of 20% ad a power rating of oly 10 MVA.. However, such 2 rating is unlikely ever to exist for power tassformers at this volage ring. A more elise minima values 100 MVA and the maxim ratio difference comesponding 0 this vale is less han 02595, ‘Witin the power ranges at each of the voltage levels wien in Tabla, the infivenceof the magnetizing caret ‘was negligible when the tssformer was eapeitvely lade. Rano opreRENCE ‘aasronsen nana Capacitive Loading Btfect on Ratio ofa "768 KVISO0 KV V/A Transformer Figares sousris TIASHISO1 Revilen A Page Bo 31 ‘The effect of reducing the secondary volage was sls investigated. Figure 9 presets the simulation ofthe aio Aifernces of 765 kV/345 KV Wye/Detia transformer. It can besten tht the ratio diferences are significant Jess tha those given in Figure 8. This is bese the loading efit ofthe capactor substantially reused as now energized lover level 194 os 2am xo 3 5 E 5 gu ‘ee 2 oe. ‘0 veo 000 “TRANSFORMER RATING Capacitive Loading Mest on Ratio of a "168 KV/S4S KV Vis Transformer Figere9 soos 72A-ST1801 Revison A Page 9of 31 Reducing he primary vltage from 765 KV to $00 KY end keeping the seeonday voltage at 345 KV yield he resus showa in Figue 10." They a identical to tote given in Figue 9. Tie is besaise the capactr {s nerpized at the same volage, andthe secondary valage wat unchanged: only the primary volage Was wired PATO DIFFEREN Capacitive Loading Effect on Ratio ofa '500LV/34S KV Vid Transformer Figure 10 sovaris 72A.311501 Revs A Paget of 31 ‘Wien gz connected tnasformer re enerpize fom a three-phase source, a phase angle dsplacementocurs| between the primary and secondsty voles, whic canot be reproduced during mecsirerments using & single plus source. Consequently, the ratio measured din single-phase exciton wil be different fom ha which § obtained during three-phase excitation. tn aon, the thee single-phase rats wil dife fom ove anaher| because the magnetic coupling conespondag to cach srangement is ff. Therefore inorder to have ‘reference valves forte purpose of comparisons, iis recommended that manufacturers be asked Yo measure the ratios with single-phase aswell stre-phase excitation during factor tess on transformers Zigaag transformers fequetly have nominal aos of |: and are wed for phase-shifting purposes. IFonly ene of ‘he windings i a zigzag winding, the on-igag winding should be coesldered ss the primary and shold be energized directly fom the tet stan the axa captor shoul be connected tothe other wing i is ‘vay, possible over voltage during single-phase energization wil be avoided, heey eliminating any isto the ‘peratoy,test eo capaci. INSTRUMENT ERROR ‘The clement ofthe tet se which affect the capacitance measurements are the potentiometer P end the range restors R1— RO as shown in Figure. The speci folranoes fr these tem ae Potetiometer 40.6 independent inearity Range Resiso RI-R9 30.1% uncertainty The vals ofthe ange resistors are chose so ht tetas increase steps other 2 or 5, Consesuently, ‘Ge poteatiometer is used over the range of 20% to 0% Dining the caliration proctdre of the M2H, the test st is connected toa capacitor whose value is acurtely ‘aowa.. The esactance eal onthe intinent iss regis a vale equal to tbe reference val and at ‘slay trim-pt (not shown in Figue 4) is adjusted to give a ull inden om the meter. Eight other capacitors fre then metsured end their values ar chosen so thet cach i checked with diferent range resins ane with 9 diferent Seting ofthe potetiometrP. The err foreach checked capacitance measurement i noted ed the Information is fled wogether with all ote vial inforaon pertaining to the parla fst se. The eatin measureens forall ew and repaired est Ss teefre, represent avery vahible source of da, which may be analyzed sing statistical techniques inorder 0 provide sh informition as average emer, stndsrd deviation, ‘essuremeat uncaring. ‘Tie eor ine raf evaluation depends onthe errs, ACreal and ACappren, made during the measurements of rea and pares expaciancs, respectively. Numerically, tthe fist appoxinaton, the rato ere is given by Arai ACroal- ACapparat were each 0 term is specified as a percentage {fe terms ACreal and ACapparent coud beevalate, the err Arto coud be deemined, One approach in the evaluation ofthe res and apparent capacitance enor would be to use the specified uncertainty fr the MAH of 445% to determine ACreal~ ACapparest at using the extreme values of +05% for ACret) an 0.5% for ‘ACepperent would give a maximum posible evar of 0%. However, the Hikslitood of making sich ‘measurement atthe two extreme unearainy Hiits ss low that it can be toaly dcouned. This is continued byamlyzing the clfreton data fora sumber of test sets described blow. soonis TRASIISO1 Rovion A Page tof 31 ‘The calittion deta for 31 test sets were examined and th ero mage, Orange, was determine by clclating the difference between the exesne values of the mesiredemos fr each tet. The average enor rage, Orange ed ‘Standard devntone were found tobe ‘range =0358% 013% ‘The probability that he ati enor wil excead 19 maybe determined by ealealtng the probability thatthe ere ‘ange will exosed 1% In tis case, 1% comesponis (1 0.358)0113~ 5.68 standard deviation, Consul probability tbls for Gaussian distibation indies hl the relevant probally, therefore virally zo. If, on the ote hand he eo range is 0.5%, this eoresponds to (0.5 —0.35890.113 = 1257 standard deviation The conesponcing probability tat the eor range wl at exceed 0.5% 89.62% to 90%, nor words fhe ‘wo capicitanee mexsuremens during a uansfomer ro erafuation were always made atthe potctiometer setings nd with ange resistor values corresponding to maximum snd minimum eapecitance cor fr given ‘eat at a least 90% of the tine the rato erar would ma exceol 0.5%. However essed above eis ery unltely thatthe wo capactanoe measurements Would alwys be made the exteme uncertainty limits daring ® ‘tip evaluation. Therefore, the confidence level tt the rao measurement wll not exceed 0. sigaicantly restr than 90%, In ode to obtain more secure evaluation ofthe ratio measurement uncertainty, the results fll messurements tained fo date were evlused. $2 aio measurement on a wide variety of transformers were aval for amalyss, The measurements on the sansforner known to be defective and the meaternents, bel “inerfrence” were oot inetd ia the anaysi.The average rio ero, ratio and standard Sevitons Were alulted and given by ratio =0.123% 70.1258 The eor interval, which wil contain the au verge enor wit 99% probability, is given by anu tht Sd nent sn i266 suas + ees: An ede Te = + om sano sin eg 806 Sly ening A tng, The ratio eror interval for a maximum eer of 0.5% is (AS ~ 0.150¥0.123 = 2.772 sandal deviation, ‘Therefore, the eoresponding probability 1. 99°7% athe rai ror will ot exceed 05%, saris TAASUSA Reve A Page 1206 31 |A mumber of oder test ses, which ae Fted with 0.15% linearity potetoneters are stil in servos. The sccuny of such fest ets, when used for ratio measurement, wl be less thas those having tke 0.1% lineatiy Doleatiometers. Each time one ofthe older st is retuned to Doble Engineering fr rea o reclibaton,& (0.1% tinesriy uit replaces the 025% nearty potentiometer. Deble Engineering presely investing various techniques to improve the acuracy of the test set en i is atcpated tat new caltaion tecriqaes anifor circuit components resulting in proved aoeuray wil be ltodioed in the neat fare. ‘TEMPERATURE ERROR ‘The vation of capaciance ofthe aur capctor at «function of temperature was measured over the range ‘of 20°C to *S0°C. ‘The results are shown in Figure Il, It cane seen thal the capclance increases by spprocinately 0.25% foreach 10°C increase. Therefore, te ratio measuremen's onsite shuld be made quickly when the capacitor exposed to direct sunlight en ova day. ee rcommendel tha dring soch condor, the measurements of “eal” apectance aes th begioning end the ed of ech test seis ands averege velued ‘ed forthe calculation of rai. In this way, tbe emo dt capactance vation willbe less than 0.1% so 0% wos ® ° a “i oe os “10 on eS yew. -¢ Powe | smeins ‘pastor ido a roar OTHER TRANSFORMERS Transformers ‘Dur to the high tums ratio ofa potential transform, He loading caused bythe auiany measuring capacitor is ‘very small. However, the leakage impedence of potential trasformers ar several oder of magaiade higher tn those of power warsformers, and the combined effet of the capacitor and leskage impedance cases the Secandary voltage te slightly higher thn the open cal vltge withthe rest being arto less than open cist value, The eosin ratio measurement willbe restr than 05°C (se Figure |} and the technique should tbe used on potetel transformers unless uncer: upto about 3% can be tlesod Distribution Transformers Tests have ben cri out on 2 7.6 KV/I20 V 25 RVA disibaton masformer. No factory ratio measurements ‘were availble for comparison purposes, However, the nameplate ratio as 7620/120 ~ 635 and the ratio ‘metsured using the new technique was 63.46 which compares very favorably, having a diffrence of enly 0.05% ‘Comparison of Ratio Measurements Made im Fickd ‘With Faciory Measurements igure 12 soos 72A-3115.01 Revian A Page 4 3 RESULTS OF ACTUAL MEASUREMENTS, ‘The results of sual messurements performed ona wide varoty of power raneformer is shown in Figure 12. In ch case, the measured ratio using the capacitor techalque was compared with the ratio measured ine factory, ‘avaiable, or, with the nameplate ratio. The tolerance specified by ANSI is ntnated together wih an arbiter efined iit Seprating power transformers fom inswumenttasstormer. In mst eases, measured ratio Le Win th rectangle inthe lower eft corer ofthe igre. ‘The ferences bveen measured sn ameplate ratios forinsrument rnsformes le outside the rectangle, as expected, du to reasons aleady explnined Inte case of ‘he measurement labeled "DEFECTIVE TRANSFORMER,” this measurewent was peformod on a tucenbase transformer, which hed experienced a hough faut. Measuremen’ on all tire phases Indie a rio enemy on one phase and addition, the tet set tipped out at 2 KV due to overcurrent. However, simile a ‘measurements performed at 8V using a TTR set nested nothing usta. Iti beieved tht faulaon becuse ne oF tore tus was iosufciemly dunsged to show up as a short wh tse at 8V, but at a higher volage tng the Dobe tecnique, it eeame safely conductive to sbow ass change in ai and uimatly resulted In he operation ofthe test striping crcl. The measurements ltelod INTERFERENCE wee performed ia substation where some electostatc Measurements was known atthe time. However, the variation ofthe measurements betweea phases ard on itfret taping positions on each phase was such tat some oer explnation may be very Wkly. Pure, investigation wil be made to either conte the interference explanation or esteblish some arate ean for ‘eum measurements ‘The aulary cape 3 in actual we on transformer bushing fs shoo in Figure 1 tr use is sown in Figure (3 and the siaris mA Page 180 3 EYFECT OF RESIDUAL MAGNETISM ‘Transformers having some residual magnetic fu inthe core ere sometimes delivered to st, They may also be ‘magnetized inthe feld as a result of resistance measurements diving wich ect cures ae used and the cone {is fvaraby sated und ieftin a magnetized state. The emnat flix ty baie sipfcat fect on exctaon ‘curent measurements, an, in oder to investiga effec oa allo measurement, es wes performed on a [0D MVA, 230/12/144Y, single phase trasformer ‘The transformer was magnetized by circulating DC from a oar battery through te high voltage winding. Cnfrmaton ta the core was magnetizd was obtained by comparing excitation cine mesurement belo tod aficr magnetization. The extaton cureat invested ftom (4 MA to 65.3 mA. Ratio measurements Were ‘then made using the new technique and the rato was observed to have increased by 0.14%. ‘Attempts were made to nvestgnte this phenomenon on two other tomers dst 75 MVA and 24 MVA In thes canes, it was not possibe to magnetize the cores long enaugh to make meanngfl measurements bectoe ‘he teat set cif demagnetze the transformers and prevented a change in excitation cen fom being dsosted. CONCLUSIONS ‘A new techniq to messue the twns sto of power transformers wing the M2H test set ha bees ‘developed, Iris based on capacance meaturments ofan auxin capaci, 2. Theritios may be messed at ny voltage up 12 kV. ‘The rato measurement uncer is 40 5% with a confidence lve of 9.9 4 Theratiosean he measure for any winding amangement ie, WyeWye, Wye/Bel, gens 5. Forsafeyressons, ring tio measurman the higher voluge winding mst be eneepizod dircly from the est st andthe aur capaci mat be connected othe lower voltage wind 6 The ratios shoul preferably be compared agsns those originally mae in the facony and no against ‘ameplat ratios, which maybe very sigh ifrent de tote design ofthe trarsormer. 7, If fctor rato measurements ae not aval, comparison ry be mae against aumeplate ratios, Most measurements will compare with ameplae rato o witin 0.59% However, some compared ratios may slghly exesed this value due tothe design of the pariculr tensforner, No specific ‘value canbe given for the amount in exes of 0.5%, but itmay bein the region ofan addtioal 0.1% toor%. 8 The ratios measored using this new techalgoe are measured with & single phase setup and the ‘measured ras of zigzag measurements will be different fom those obtained in the factory the later wee made using thee phase excition itis recomended that ilies request thet anufictrers specify the tos of zigzaz arangements measured act only with thse phase «excitation but also wit singe phase excation inorder that field measurements using the M2HI test set can be earpaed 9% On tasormes which have one zigzag winding, if he nominal three phase ris 1:1, the non= igang winding must be enesgzed diecly fom the test set. The airy cyecitor mast be connected tothe zigzag winding. Otherwise voltage higher than te test olage may be developed ross the exact 10. This meaning technique is applicable to power transformers only and will nat give the same sccumcy If used for potential or capacitor voltage transformers covers TAASIIS Revision A Page 1606 31 11, Comoe winding polarity is automatically coafimed wing this etnique because it wil be imposible to obtain toe nim indication dering balancing ifthe polar facorect. 12, Tests on ane transformer indicat tha the presence of remnant magnetic fx in the core ca increase the eetaton cument by as much a8 50% increases into ae eny 0.14%. 13. Excitation curent measurements on high volage windings will act detect an open cic tap changer ‘on the low voltage winding. However, this new rio measuring lechigue wil indicate sch a ‘condition 1M, Thecapecitance ofthe auilary capacitor shouldbe measure at the beginning and end ofeach test series and the average val used when ealusting rat inorder to keep eres dub to tempeniire (Grolengedexpasire tot son) to lee tan 0.1%. MEASURING TRANSFORMER RATIO. Doble Method Measuring the vokage rato of power tnasformers sing the Doble Type M2H 10 KV Test Set reqies an “ulen” capacitor of suble rising end stability. (This sunlary capacitor is avalible fom Doble Engineering Company.) The ata eapacitance ofthe sary capacitor oot rial. However, itshuld be oF ‘he oder of 10 oF (0.010 pu). Iti very important thatthe especincs vale noe vary with fempertire change ‘wean te intial and final tess, (The temperature may changed o prolonged exposure tthe sun,) Fors ‘reason, when rnaking transformer tao measurement ising the Doble Method, all ets should be performed ‘within a reasonably short ine pero. PROCEDURE FOR PERFORMING TRANSFORMER RATIO MEASUREMENTS USING DOBLE TYPE M2it 10 KVTESTSET. |. Measure and record the aur capacitance (CI) ofthe auxiliary capacitor ror to connecting i fo the seasformer The capacitance ofthe auxiliary capacitor supplied by Doble should nat change sgifcaay ove the range of temgerstures encouniered during the normal test period, However, the eapactance of the auiliy capacitor shouldbe measied tthe beginning and completion ofthe est. tere is light lilference inthe before and ger measurement, ake te average ofthe two readings ad we thi ae the vale of actu eapaitance, Cl. The Defoe and aftr values of capacitance should not vary by more than 0.1%. I they do, he ratio measurements Should be repeated withthe aula capacitor connected tothe transformer as outlined in the following. Retest, ‘he auliay capacitor upon compledon ofthese tests Te capacitance dil ofthe M2H has a four eadout, withthe lst digit onthe ight being » decimal value. neh capacitance dil reaing is taken to the nearest teh and averaged eccrdngly. For example i the fist readings 1584 and the second reading is 158.8, record the average as 158.6. I'he Gist readings 1384 tad he second reading 1589, record the average as 158.65. ‘Tee capaeitnce dial reading times the capacitance multiplier isthe capacitance value in picofirads, All capecitance dial readings are positive vals, even when one of the comesponding vats meter readings hes negative polarity sen 2. Make coanetions fom the M2H et set othe transformer by using the following steps Before coanetng the aur capcitor othe aasformer, connect one of the MAE low vag et leads tothe low voltage terminal ofthe unary capacitor. In the following diagram, the low vos terminal ofthe aur capacitor is labeled "CAP L-V: sors ‘TASIIS.O1 Revision A Paget of 31 % —Conzect the high voltage terminal of the auxiliary capacitor (CAP H-V) to the appropriate low voluge or tertiary terminal of the transformer as oan inthe eovompanying diagrams, 8) Sethe de-nerpzed tp changer DETC (ot no load ap changer, NLTC) on the on led tap changer LAG, to appropiate postions for the fist ratio measurement. Normally, howeve, ral ‘meaiurements are performed on 2 number of tp changer positions in accoréance with company poli. ) With the sulin capacitor comnecte tothe spproprite terminal of the transformer sd the tap changes in ther assigned pesitens, sce the Doble tet vollge to 10 KV. If 10 RV cannot be stained select a convenient lower et voliage ‘Te test voltage must not exceed the voltage rating ofthe winding, For windings whic operat line-o-round, the test voltage must not exceed the Hneo-ground ring. All ranformer rio measurements using the Doble ‘Method tse performed with the high voltage wing energized td the alin capacitor eomecte Be ew voltage winding. Tn the case of tte winting anseraers, two seis of ts are performed. Thay tetoon the high voltage and low voltage windings, and Between te high voltage and teary windings. tne former case, th auilir capacitor is connected fo the lo vluage wining. Inte ter case the numa eapacior comeced tothe tertiary winding. Refer to te asompsnyingdgras, Ratio measorements using te Doble ‘Method should oot be attempted with the low voltage or tertiary wining energized, In ost eases wil be posible to apply appreciable voltage to thse winéngs using the Doble Type Mali Test Se. Nevertles, rer to prevent the remote posibilty of apply excessive voltage sro te auliary capaci, the tion should be avoided whereby a winding with slower numberof tut is exited with the auclry captor ‘comected ta winding witha gresr numberof tus, Operate the test et inthe normal fshion. The tal charging curet and wats loss are unimportant. The measure spparent capacitance, C2, isthe oly parameter of importance. Therefore strict ateton shold be given obtaining the proper minima meter renin fr tas vo hat the capetance dil ending ect posite. 41th capacitance dal comes up aginst the stop before a true minimam is reached, the poly Incoree. In such a case, the aula caper and ground conection on the secondary winding should be interchanged and he measurement repeats 5. the transformer has one zigzag winding and » nominal rio of II, the now-igzag, winding should ways be regarded the high vollge winding and energie dzeety fom the est set with he sxiary ‘eapaitor being connected tthe grag winding. Foreach position ofthe tap changer) calelete the trarsformer aoa flows a ato B whee: C1 = Actual Capactance ofthe Auniry Cpacior (C2 = Amparo Capastance ofthe Audiry Capackr whan I connecied to the ‘sppropette eral ofthe eantormer and ei changes ae at speed soasris TRA-SUISO Rerun A Page 80 31 sous one TASS Reisen A Pager9or 3 ‘TRANSFORMER RATIO:- MEASUREMENT “Doble-Method” ‘Single-Phase Autotransformer without Tertiary sey Test cases, 4 UST Mode a a] TWAS Schematic for Test : Hy ~HoXo to X1 ~ HoXo Al Measurements Made in UST Mode ‘ENERGIZE GROUND FLOAT CAP H-V___usT _RATIO. A HoXo =~ Xt CAPL-V Hy - Hoo © X1~ HoXo sonorts TAA.S11501 Rein A Page200f 3 ‘Schematle for Test No.l : Hy -HoXo to. X; - H¢Xo ‘All Measurements Made In UST Mode 1 Hy HoXn Ye Ys Xi CAPLV Hy - HoXo © Xs — Hoxo Schematic for Test Nod : Hy ~ Hp to ¥1-Ye ‘TESENO._ENERGIZE GROUND HLOAT CAPH-Y ust RATIO. 2 Hh HoXe Ya Xt Ya CAPLV Hy aXo ® Y= Ye sovas TIA-S1IS.0 Revlon A Page 21 of 31 ‘TRANSFORMER RATIO MEASUREMENT “Doble Method” Single-Phase Two-Winding Transformer ‘Schematic for Test : Hy = Hy(Hq) to X1 ~ Xo(Xa) All Measurements Made In UST Mode ENERGIZE GROUND FLOAT CAP.H-V UST ___RATIO Hy Hix(K) X1 CAPLV Hy - Hoke) XefXo) 0 X1~ Kala) sevens TRASHIS Revo A Page? of 31 ‘Doble Method” ‘Singlo-Phase. Three-Winding Transformer Schematic for Test No.l : Hy ~Hy(Ho) to X4 ~ X20Ko) ‘All Measurements Mado In UST Mode 1 Hy Holo) «= -Yy OX) CAPLLV Hy Hiatt) 20%) wo Yet¥o) Kx = XoXo) 2 sume same Xr ¥y same Hy - Hato) Y= Yah) sonamis T2A.31501 Revitos A Page 2306 31 Schematic for Test No.t : Hy ~1pXo to. X; ~ HoXo ‘AllMensurements Made in.UST Mode TESLNO. ENERGIZE GROUND FLOAT CAPH.V UST __panio 1 Hy Hyp X;— CAPL-VHy-HaXo ¥a.Xa © X1- Hox 2 He Holy Xe sams Ha - Xp XeX9 te Xa- HX 3 Hy HuHe | X3 same Hlg= HXo Xn Xe es Xs HoXo seoons TASS Revon A Page 240 31 ‘TRANSFORMER RATIO MEASUREMENTS “Doble Method” ‘Taree-Phase Delta-Wye Transformer Sehematle for Test Nos: Hy ~ Hg to Xs ~Xo 1 Hy HaMo Ha Xt CARLY HH Xa, Xs ° Xi Xo 2 He HyXy Hg Xz mer Hy XX © ar Xo 3 Hy aX Hy My sme Hg= Hp XX © X9- Xo sananis TAASIS-0 Reon A Page 2501 31 "TRANSFORMER RATIO MEASUREMENTS “Doble Method” ‘Thise-Phage. Autotraisformer with Tertiary Schematic for Test No.th : Hy -HoXo to Ys —Ye TRSLNO. ENERGIZE GROUND FLOAT CAP H-v ust ___RaTIO % sours Hy HeXo, Ye Hes Ys CAPL-LV. Hy - HX Xi, Key Xs . Ys Y~¥e Hq HK, Yo His ¥g_ same He ~ HX Xe Xa.Xo © Ys Ya-¥s Hy WoKo.Yi Hie Yg_ same Hy ~ HoXo Xs Reis © Ye Ya~¥i RASS Reroa A Page26o 31 ‘TRANSFORMER RATIO MEASUREMENTS. ‘Threo-Phase Delte-Delta Transformer ‘Schematic for Test No : Hy Hy to Xy -X3 1 Hy HX Ha.Xe |X) CAPLV Hi Hy Xy-Xe 2 He Hy Mt HX Xp same a= Hy Ke-Xy 3 He HaXo Hr Xp same, Hp Xa- Xa soars ‘DASHISO Revion A Page 27 of 31 “Doble Method” ‘Three-Phase Delta-Zig Zag Transformer By 5 ‘Hy UST Mode om Tie Hy -Hy to X1 =X ‘All Monsurements Made.In UST Mode 1 My HX yy APL Hyp Ha, Xs » X1=Xo 2 Hp HX came XX 3 Hy Hy Xo Hp Xp same Xe 0 soos TAASHISO1 Revision A Page2sot 31 1 By 2 Fe } bos " soars Ho. X2 Ha. He T2A-315.01 Reisen A Schematic for Test No.t : Hy ~Ho 2 X1 Xe ‘AlLNenaurements tade in UST Mode Page 2906 31 1 sooeaea ‘yom rstieyee stro xg sume ox TRE uns oH e a 8x Ix Sa-t ous Ete a z OK Hx OF OH PON veRy Joy oneNDS founysuely: Bhnt~ehny esoid-o6iK,

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