Geometry

Formulas

Shape Formulas for Area (A) and Circumference (C)

A= bh = x base x height
Triangle

A = lw = length x width
Rectangle

A= (b1 + b2)h = x sum of bases x height

Trapezoid

A = bh = base x height
Parallelogram

Circle

Figure Formulas for Volume (V) and Surface Area (SA)

Rectangular Prism V = lwh = length x width x height
SA = 2lw + 2hw + 2lh
= 2(length x width) + 2(height x width) + 2(length x height)

V = Bh = area of base x height

SA = sum of the areas of the faces
General Prisms
V = Bh = area of base x height
SA = 2B + Ch = (2 x area of base) + (circumference x height)
Right Circular Cylinder

Square Pyramid

Right Circular Cone



Sphere

Equations of a Line

Standard Form:

Ax + By = C

where A and B are not both zero

Slope-Intercept Form:

y = mx + b or y = b + mx

where m = slope and b = y-intercept

Point-Slope Formula:

Coordinate Geometry Formulas

Let (x1,y1) and (x2,y2) be two points

in the plane.

Polygon Angle Formulas

Sum of degree measures of the interior angles of a
polygon:

180 (n - 2)

Degree measure of an interior angle of a regular

polygon:

where n is the number of sides of the polygon

A circle is an important shape in the field of geometry. Let's look at the definition of a circle
and its parts. We will also examine the relationship between the circle and the plane.

A circle is a shape with all points the same distance from its center. A
circle is named by its center. Thus, the circle to the right is called circle
A since its center is at point A. Some real world examples of a circle
are a wheel, a dinner plate and (the surface of) a coin.

The distance across a circle through the center is called the diameter.

The radius of a circle is the distance from the center of a circle to any
point on the circle. If you place two radii end-to-end in a circle, you
would have the same length as one diameter. Thus, the diameter of a
circle is twice as long as the radius.

We can look at a pizza pie to find real-world examples of diameter and

radius. Look at the pizza to the right which has been sliced into 8 equal
parts through its center. A radius is formed by making a straight cut
from the center to a point on the circle. A straight cut made from a
point on the circle, continuing through its center to another point on the
circle, is a diameter. As you can see, a circle has many different radii
and diameters, each passing through its center.

A chord is a line segment that joins two points on a curve. In geometry,

a chord is often used to describe a line segment joining two endpoints
that lie on a circle. The circle to the right contains chord AB. If this circle
was a pizza pie, you could cut off a piece of pizza along chord AB. By
cutting along chord AB, you are cutting off a segment of pizza that
includes this chord.

A circle has many different chords. Some chords pass through the
center and some do not. A chord that passes through the center is
called a diameter.

It turns out that a diameter of a circle is the longest chord of that circle
since it passes through the center. A diameter satisfies the definition of
a chord, however, a chord is not necessarily a diameter. This is
because every diameter passes through the center of a circle, but
some chords do not pass through the center. Thus, it can be
stated, every diameter is a chord, but not every chord is a diameter.

Let's revisit the definition of a circle. A circle is the set of points that are
equidistant from a special point in the plane. The special point is the
center. In the circle to the right, the center is point A. Thus we have
circle A.

(Chord theorem) The chord theorem states that if two chords, CD and EF, intersect at G,
then:

AG x GD = BG x GC

Theorem: (Tangent-secant theorem) If a tangent from an external point D meets the circle
at C and a secant from the external point A meets the circle at B and C respectively, then

In the above fugure

AD2 = AB x AC

(Tangent chord property) The angle between a tangent and chord is equal to the
subtended angle on the opposite side of the chord.



Orthocentre, Circumcentre, Centroid and Incenter
The orthocenter is the intersection of the triangle's altitudes.

The circumcenter is the center of the circumscribed circle (the

intersection of the perpendicular bisectors of the three sides).

The centroid is the intersection of the three medians of the

triangle.
A median in a line, drawn from a vertex of a triangle which bisects
the side of the triangle opposite to it.

Incenter

B C
In the above triangle, the incentre is the point of intersection of the Angle Bisectors of the
three angles of the triangle.