Operational Amplifier Fundamentals (Chapter-1)

All the symbols used in the questions represent conventional meaning as per prescribed text book.
(i.e. Design with Operational Amplifiers and Analog Integrated Circuits, by S. FRANCO)

1. In the design of function generators the need arises to offset as well as amplify a given
voltage to obtain a voltage of the type , where is the desired
amount of offset. An offsetting amplifier can be implemented with a summing
amplifier in which one of the inputs is and the other is either or , the
regulated supply voltages used to power the op amp. Using standard 5% resistances,
design a circuit such that

2. Using just one op amp powered from 12-V regulated supplies, design a circuit to
yield (a) ; (b) .

3. Design a circuit such that and . Here and

represents the input voltage applied at the inverting and non-inverting terminal of an
op amp. Similarly and are known as the internal resistance developed
corresponding terminal. The output voltage is defined as .

4. (a) Design a noninverting amplifier whose gain is variable over the range
by using a potentiometer.
(b) Repeat the steps of (a) to get a variable gain for . (Hint:
You need an input voltage divider to achieve )

5. (a) Design an inverting amplifier whose gain is variable over the range
by means of a pot.
(b) Repeat the steps of (a) to get a variable gain for . (Hint:
To prevent A reaching zero, you must use a suitable resistor in series with the pot)

6. (a) Using standard 5% resistances in the kilo-ohm range, design a circuit to yield

(b) If and , find for .

7. Using standard 5% resistances, design a circuit to yield

.

8. Using standard 5% resistances, design a circuit to provide (a)

(b) , where is variable over the range by means
of a pot. (Hint: Connect the pot between the 15 V supplies and use the wiper
voltage as one of the inputs to your circuit.)

9. Design a four-input op amp amplifier such that it yields an output

. Use minimum number of resistors during the design process.
 Operational Amplifier Fundamentals (Chapter-1)

10. Design a two-input, two-output circuit that yields the sum and the difference of its
inputs: and . Try minimizing the component count
during the design.

11. In the traditional op amp differentiator circuit the values of different parameters are:
and . The input signal is a periodic time varying signal
alternating between 0 V and 2 V with a frequency of 100 Hz. Sketch and label
and if input is a (a) sine wave (b) triangular wave.

12. In the op amp integrator circuit, and . Sketch and label

and if
(a) and
(b) [ ] and
where is the unit step function.

13. Design an amplifier having closed loop gain A of 102 V/V with accuracy of 0.1% i.e.
. All you have available are amplifier stages with
each. Your amplifier can be implemented using a cascade of basic
stages, each employing suitable negative feedback circuit. What is the minimum
number of stages required? What is the of each stage?

14. Find the ideal closed loop gain Aideal for the circuit given in Figure 1. Here all
resistances are considered equal.