OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS

1. All of the following are the unique characteristics of Kingdom Animalia except
A.Have diverse body plan
B.Most have nervous systems and muscle systems to respond to stimuli
C.Possess different types of cell surfaces
D.Multicellular eukaryotes and hetetrophs
Ans : C

2. Which characteristics is shared by cnidarians and faltworms ?

A.Both have flame cells
B.Both exhibit radial symmetry
C.Both have a gut with a single opening
D.Both have dorso-ventrally flattened bodies
Ans : C

3. State the classifications of Kingdom Animalia

i.Body cavities
ii.Germ layer
iii.Has no skeleton
iv.Body symmetry

A.i and ii only

B.i and iii only
C.i , ii and iii only
D.i , ii and iv only
Ans : D

4. Which of the following is class of Phylum Cnidaria ?

A.Class Trematoda
B.Class Polychaeta
C.Class Hydrozoa
D.Class Bivalvia
Ans : C

5. The major phyla of animals are as following , except

A.Phylum Hepatopyhta
B.Phylum Mollusca
C.Phylum Echinodermata
D.Phylum Porifera
Ans : A

6. Which of these animals have a true coelem ?

A.Sponges , cnidarians , flatworms
B.Roundworms , molluscs , annelids
C.Molluscs , annelids , arthropods , echinoderms , chordates
D.Chordates only
Ans : C
7. Below are the characteristics of an animal :
It is uniformly segmented
It has short , stiff appendages and soft , flexible skin
It has complete digestive and circulatory system
It has no skeleton

Identify the animal .

A.Lancelet
B.Annelid
C.Roundworm
D.Flatworm
Ans : B

8. Which of these groups of animals has no coelem ?

A.Roundworms
B.Annelids
C.Arthropods
D.Flatworms
Ans : D

9. Segmentation is important in the evolution of animals because

A.It allows them to be bigger
B.It allows for specialisation of function
C.It separates the internal organs from the body wall
D.It protects the body from insect bites
Ans : B

10. The table below shows four classes of animals with their characteristics features .

Class Characteristic
I Gastropoda (a) Have five arms radiating from a
central disc
Ii Diplopoda (b) Gills are replaced by lungs in adults
Iii Asteroidea (c) Have two pairs of legs per segment
Iv Amphibia (d) Have visceral mass and mantle

Which of the following is the correct match?

I II III IV
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(b) (c) (d) (a)
(d) (c) (a) (b)
(d) (c) (b) (a)

Ans : C
 STRUCTURE QUESTIONS

1.The table below shows three different phyla of worms P, Q and R in the animal kingdom and their
characteristics.

Phyla Characteristics
P -body is dorso-ventrally flattened
-has a definite head at the anterior end
Q -smooth, non-segmented body
-they are generally colourless
R -segmented body divided by septa
-body surface may have setae

(a) Identified phyla P, Q and R.

P: Phylum Platyhelminthes
Q: Phylum Nematoda
R: Phylum Annelida (3 marks)

(b) Differentiate between phyla P, Q and R in terms of their body cavity.

(i) P is acoelomate; they have no body cavity.
(ii) Q is pseudocoelomate ; the body cavity is located between the mesoderm and
endoderm and is not completely lined with mesoderm.
(iii) R is coelomate; the body cavity develops entirely within the mesoderm.

(3 marks)

(c) Give two advantages of the body cavity.

Allows for more extensive growth of the organs/permits the formation of an efficient
circulatory system/fluid in the body cavity generate a more efficient hydrostatic forces/
the muscle of the digestive tract can become independent of the muscle of the body wall.

(2 marks)

(d) State the excretory organs for phyla P and R.

P: protonephridium/ flame cells
R: metanephridium (2 marks)
 Essay Questions

1. Describe the factors that contribute to the success of insects. (10 marks)

An insects body is small; it requires only a small amount of food for survival.
An insects body is small and light thus allowing it to colonise various habitats.
Some insects live as parasites in other animals bodies.
Insects have segmented body, jointed limbs or legs. These give flexibility to the
insects body. Jointed limbs or legs enable an insect to walk and move. The nails at
the end of each leg enable the insects to grip . Certain insects have long muscular
hind limbs or legs which enable them to hop or leap.
Insects are the only invertebrates with wings. Wings allow insects to fly a long
distance and to move over obstacles.
The body of an insects is protected by a hard, chitinous exoskeleton. Chitin is
waterproof thus it reduces evaporation of water. The chitinous excoskeleton has
spiracles which enable the insects to breath through the traches system (open
circulatory system).
Insects have well-developed sensory organs such as compound eyes for vision and
antennae which act as receptors for the sense of cutting and grinding.
To prevent dehydration, insects have Malphigian tubules that allow them to
absorb water from nitrogenous waste which is excreted in the form of uric acid.
Although most insects practise internal fertilisation, some insects such as aphids
can reproduce by parthenogenesis under some circumstances.
Metamorphosis reduces intraspecific competition; larva forms have different
lifestyles and therefore do not compete with adults for food and habitats.

2. Describe the five basic characteristics of chordates. (10 marks)

1) Notochord
The notochord is a flexible rod that lies between the digestive tube and the nerve
cord.
The function of the notochord is to provide support and protection to the nerve
cord.
In the higher chordates, the vertebrates, the notochord is present in embryonic
development, and it develops into vertebral column
2) Dorsal, hollow nerve cord
A single, hollow nerve cord runs just beneath the dorsal surface of the animal.
The hollow portion of the nerve cord is filled with fluid that nourished the nerve
cells, and in the vertebrates, the vertebrae surround and protect the nerve cord
creating the spine.
The nerve cord of the chordate embryo develops into the central nervous system;
the brain and spinal cord.
3) Pharyngeal pouches/slits
The pharyngeal pouches develop into a variety of organs in animals, and they are
only visible during embryonic stages.
In water breathing animals, the pharyngeal pouches becomes the gills, or gill slits.
In air breathing animals however the pharyngeal pouches take on a number of
function, but in humans all but one pair of pharyngeal pouches are lost.
This remaining pair forms the eustacian tubes that connect the throat to the
middle ear.
4) Post-anal tail
Most chordates have a muscular tail extending posterior to the anus.
The chordate tail contains skeletal elements and muscles.
It provides much of the propulsive force in many aquatic species.
It regresses into tail bone or coccyx in humans.
In most other mammals it develops into wagging tail.
5) Myotomes
The muscles of the chordate body are segmented into blocks called myotomes.
Muscles are attached to the skeleton to provide movement.