Topics:19th century immigration to america

1422019 Usui Nanami

In the 19th century, there were 2 big waves of immigration before civil war. In the waves,

many Irish immigrants came to America because of Potato Famine. That occurred in

Ireland, they escape to America from the famine.

Chinese and Japanese also immigrated.

Chinese immigrants in the 19th century worked as laborers, particularly on the

transcontinental railroad.

Japanese immigrants lived in Hawaii and California mainly. Most of them farm crop or

worked in sugar plantation. At then, west of Japan, especially Chugoku region, residents

were imposed high tax on. And there were feudalistic family system that the eldest son

inherit all of the familys fortune, and lead his family. So all children except for the first

child couldnt inherit anything. In addition, from 1868, the Meiji Restoration began.

Tokugawa shogunate and Hawaii consul resided in Japan, made agreement to let

immigrate Japanese go to Hawaii to work in a sugar cane field. These fact urged many

Japanese especially who had lived in west, to immigrate to America.

Many whites lived in California other than Japanese. In contrast, the whites were a few

in Hawaii. So, many Japanese could live in Hawaii without discrimination until Perl

harbor, WW. Around Civil War, sugar plantation in the south of America was stopped

to product sugar. Sugars demand was growing bigger and bigger at then. Thats why

Japanese sugar cane field in Hawaii played important role and well done.

After then, during World War , Japanese Americans forced relocation to internment

camps. Japanese Americans were incarcerated based on local population concentrations

and regional politics. More than 110,000 Japanese Americans, who mostly lived on the

West Coast, were forced into the camps, but in Hawaii, where the over 150,000 Japanese
 Topics:19th century immigration to america
1422019 Usui Nanami

Americans composed over one-third of the population, 1,200 to 1,800 were interned.

Roosevelt authorized the deportation and incarceration with Executive Order 9066,

issued February 19, 1942, which allowed regional military commanders to designate

"military areas" from which "any or all persons may be excluded."

Executive Order 9066 took Japanese-Americans to relocation center.

At WW, Japanese government present to affranchise the East Asia from white

domination for a justify cause of the War. The internment of Japanese Americans was

introduced Japanese as example of discrimination by whites. American government

needed to controvert it. So, the decision has made and organized 442nd Regimental

Combat Team.

The regimental combat was a fighting unit composed almost entirely of American

soldiers of Japanese ancestry who fought in WW. Most of the families of mainland

Japanese Americans were confined to internment camps in the United States interior.

Beginning in 1944, the regiment fought primarily in Europe during World War II, in

particular Italy, southern France, and Germany.

After WW, 442nd regimental combat helped change the minds of anti-Japanese

American critics in the U.S. and resulted in easing of restrictions and the eventual

release of the 120,000 strong community well.

I studied about some ethnic group in classes, Jewish, Italian, African, Chinese, Irish and

Japanese. I thought a first-generation of every immigrants had hard time in america

and a first-generation of Japanese arent exception.

(consultation)
 Topics:19th century immigration to america
1422019 Usui Nanami

http://www.100thbattalion.org/history/japanese-american-units/442nd-regimental-

combat-team/

https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8F%E3%83%AF%E3%82%A4%E3%81%AB%E3

%81%8A%E3%81%91%E3%82%8B%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E4%BA%BA%E7%A7

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