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Founded by Caliph Abu Abbas

Abbasid Caliphate ruled from 750 A.D till 961 A.D. or 132 A.H till 350 A.H.

Caliphate last till the 4th century. The birth of the four schools of thought Imam Abu Hanifah,
Imam Malik, Imam Shafii and Imam Ahmad bin Hanbal.

Compilation of hadiths began seriously.

Caliph al-Mansur consulted Imam Malik to use the Muwatta as the state constitution however
Imam Malik turn him down.

Caliph Harun al-Rashid requested Imam Abu Yusuf (disciple of Abu hanifah) to draft law related
to administration of land and the Imam wrote the book called Kitab al-Kharaj. Imam Abu Yusuf
was appointed as Chief Judge .

States of North Africa and Spain split from the Abbasid Empire. The empire further expand to
include Persia, India and Southern Russia.

Capital of the empire move from Damascus (Damsik) to Baghdad.

Among others who embarked on the compilation of Hadiths were: Ibn Jurayj in Makkah, Sufyan
al-Thauri in Kufah, Imam al-AuzaI in Sham, Hammad ibn salamah and laith ibn Sad in Basrah,
Jarir ibn Abdul Hamid and Ibn Mubarak in Khursan and Ibn Ishak and Imam Malik ibn Anas in
Madinah.

Shia movement was active.

The sixth Imam was Jafar as-Sadiq (died 148 A.H.) He was followed by Imam Musa Qasim and
through him 6 other imams emerged and they were called the Twelve Imams (Ithna Ashari).
Among the Ithna Ashari jurists was Muhammad bin Yaqub ar-Razi Kulini who wrote al-Kafi.

Those who followed the elder brother of Imam Musa Qasim , namely Imam Ismail became
known as the Ismailis. Numan bin Muhammad bin Mansur ibn Haiyyan, an Ismailis, wrote the
Daaim al-Islam.

Another sect of the Ismailis that arose in Egypt in 1026 was the Fatimids. When the Fatimids fell
in Egypt , Yaman became the center for the Mustali branch which spread to India. In 1588 the
Bohora in Yaman did not recognised Daud head of the Indian branch as head of the Yaman sect
and Yaman set up a new sect with Sulayman as head and Daud is recognised as a deputy for the
branch in India.

The fundamental difference between Shia and Sunni systems is the doctrine of Imamat
developed by the Shia which is different from the Sunni concept of Khalifa.

The Imam is the final interpreter of law on earth. He is a leader of divine right because he is
the decendant of the Prophet or Ali. The Twelve Imams are of Divine essence. He is the Ghaib
and Muntazar. He live and is deadless and will appear at a preordained time to fill the earth
with justice.

Majority of Shia belongs to Ithna Ashari School which is followed in Iran, Iraq and India.

In 250 A.H., Hasan bin Zayd and Qasim bin Ibrahim founded a Zaydi School at the South of the
Caspian Sea.

In India there are two sects of Shia Akhbari and Usuli.

From 351 A.H to 656 A.H. or 962 A.D. 1258 A.D. Till the downfall of Baghdad at the hands of
Mongols

Disintegration of the Empire into separate provinces.

The schools of Muslim Law developed into separate schools. The views of Imams were
followed. Rivalry and sectarianism grew. Qadis and judges appointed tend to regard themselves
as belonging to a particular school of law and confine himself to the doctrines of the school he
belongs.

Jurists of this period is called murajjihin (followers of views of the founders of school).
Consolidation of views of the founders.

From the Mazhab Hanafi - Shams al-Aimmah Abu Bakar Muhammad bin Ahmad as-Sarakhsi
(died in 483 A.H. or 1090 A.D.) wrote the Mabsut; Abu Husayn Ahmad bin Muhammad al-
Quduri (died in 428 A.H. or 1036) wrote the Mukhtasar.

Mazhab Shafii Abu al-Maali Abd al-Malik bin Muhammad Abd Allah al-Juwayni (died 478 A.H.
1085 A.D.) wrote the Nihayat al-Matlab;Muhyiudin Abu Zakariya Yahya al-Qizami al-Dimashqi
an-Nawawi (died 676 A.H. 1277 A.D. ) wrote the Minhaj at-Talibin , the Rawdah and the
Majmuk.

Mazhab Maliki Ubayd Allah bin Abdurrahman bin Abu Zayd al-Qairawani (d. 386 A.H. or 996
A.D.) wrotr Kitab an-Nawadir and the Risalah.

Mazhab Hanbali Abd al-Aziz bin Jafar (d. 363 A.H. or 974 A.D.) wrote the Muqni; Muwattaaq
ud-din bin Qudamah (d. 620 A.H. or 1223 A.D.) wrote Mughi.

Shia School Shayhk Muhammad bin Muhamad al-Mufid (d. 413 A.H.) wrote Fiqh ar-Rida and
AlMughnia fil Fiqh; Jafar bin al-Hasan al-Hilli (d. 676A.H. ) wrote Sharai al-Islam.

Zahiri School Abu Muhammad Ali bin Ahmad bin Said ibn Hazm (d 456 A.H. 1065 A.D. wrote
the Muhalla.

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