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4 BIRD 2 EDIO
(0 ) 2
= [1 ( ) ] + 1 ( )
4
Condio de contorno 2: = ; = 0
(0 )
0 = [1 2 ] + 1 ()
4
(0 )
1 () = [1 2 ] 0
4
(0 ) 2
1 2 0
1 = [ ]+
4 ln(1/) ln(1/)
Logo:
(0 ) 2 (0 ) 2 1 2 0
= [1 ( ) ] + [ ( )] ( ) + ( )
4 4 ln(1/) ln(1/)
(0 ) 2 1 2 0
= [1 ( ) + ( )] + ln ( )
4 ln(1/) ln(1/)
(0 ) 2 1 2 0 ln ( )
= [1 ( ) ( )]
4 ln(1/) ln(1/)
(0 ) (0 ) 1 2 0
= 2 [ ]
2 4 ln(1/) ln(1/)
(0 ) 1 2 0
= [ 2 ]
2 2ln(1/) ln(1/)
(0 ) (1 2 ) 0
= [ ( )]
2 2ln(1/) ln(1/)
= = 2
0
(0 ) 2 1 2 0 ln ( )
= 2 { [1 ( ) ( )] }
4 ln(1/) ln(1/)
(0 ) 2 1 2 0
= 2
[1 ( ) ( )] 2 ln ( )
2 ln(1/) ln(1/)
(0 ) 3 1 2 0
= 2
[ 2 ( )] 2 ln ( )
2 ln(1/) ln(1/)
Definindo:
(0 )
1 = 2
2
1 2
2 =
ln(1/)
0
3 = 2
ln(1/)
3
= 1 [ 2 ( )] 3 ln ( )
2
Obs:
2 1 2
ln ( ) = ln ( ) ( )
2 2
Donde:
1
u = ln ( ) ; du =
= ; =
2
= u
Por fim:
2 2
ln ( ) = ln ( ) +
2 4
Assim:
2 4 2 2 2 2
= 1 [ 2 2 ln ( ) 2 ] 3 [ ln ( ) + ]
2 4 2 4 2 4
(1 ) (1 4 ) (1 )
= 1 [ + 2 2 ln(1/) 2 ]
2 4 2 4
2 (1 )
3 [ ln() + ]
2 4
Multiplicando por 4 2 /4 2
1
= [2(1 ) (1 4 ) + 2 2ln(1/) 2 (1 )]
4
3
[2kln() + (1 )]
4
Substituindo o valor de 2
1 1 2 1 2
= [2(1 ) (1 4 ) + 2ln(1/) (1 )]
4 ln(1/) ln(1/)
3
[2kln() + (1 )]
4
1 (1 )2
= [2(1 ) (1 4 ) + (1 2 )2 ]
4 ln(1/)
3
[2kln() + (1 )]
4
1 (1 )2 3
= 2 4 2 4
[2 2 1 + + 2 2 ] [2kln() + (1 )]
4 ln(1/) 4
1 (1 )2 3
= [(1 4 ) ] [(1 ) 2kln(1/)]
4 ln(1/) 4
Substituindo os valores de 1 3
(0 ) (1 )2 0
= 2 4
[(1 ) ] 2 [(1 ) 2kln(1/)]
2 4 ln(1/) ln(1/) 4
(0 )4 (1 )2 0 (1 ) 2kln(1/)
= 4
[(1 ) ] [ ]
8 ln(1/) 2 ln(1/) ln(1/)
Por fim:
(0 )4 (1 )2 0 (1 )
= [(1 4 ) ] [ 2k]
8 ln(1/) 2 ln(1/)
(0 )4 4
(1 )2 0 (1 )
= [(1 ) ] [ 2k]
8 ln(1/) 2 ln(1/)
A velocidade mdia dada por:
2
0
= 2
0
= =
(1 2 ) (1 2 )
2 [ ]
2
(0 )4 4
(1 )2 0 (1 )
= 2
[(1 ) ] 2
[ 2k]
8(1 ) ln(1/) 2(1 ) ln(1/)
(0 )2 (1 4 ) (1 2 ) 0 1 2k
= [ 2
] [ ]
8 (1 ) ln(1/) 2 ln(1/) (1 2 )
Em r = kR
(0 ) (1 2 ) 1 0
= [ ( )]
2 2ln(1/) ln(1/)
Em r = R
(0 ) (1 2 ) 0
= [1 ]
2 2ln(1/) ln(1/)
6
4
2
0
-2
-4
-6
0,0075 0,008 0,0085 0,009 0,0095 0,01
Raio (m)
Temos ento que:
= 2( = ) + 2( = )
2
(1 2 ) 2
(1 2 ) 0
= (0 ) [1 1
+
1
] + 2
2 ln ( ) 2 ln ( ) ln(1/)
0
2
ln(1/)
= 2 (1 2 ) (0 )
SOLUO DA QUESTO
Letra A
Dado que:
(0 ) 4 (1 2 ) 0 2 (1 2 )
= 4)
[(1 ] [ 2]
8 ln(1/) 2 ln(1/)
Assim:
(0 ) 4 (1 2 ) 0 2 (1 2 )
[(1 4 ) ] [ 2] = 2 2 0
8 ln(1/) 2 ln(1/)
(0 ) 2 (1 2 ) 0 (1 2 )
[(1 4 ) ] = 2 0 + [ 2]
8 ln(1/) 2 ln(1/)
(0 ) 2 (1 2 ) 0 (1 2 )
[(1 4 ) ]= [ 2 2 + 2 2 ]
8 ln(1/) 2 ln(1/)
(0 )2 (1 2 ) 0 (1 2 )
[(1 4 ) ]= [ ]
8 ln(1/) 2 ln(1/)
Fazendo um MMC
(0 ) 2 (1 4 )ln(1/) (1 2 ) 0 (1 2 )
[ ]= [ ]
8 ln(1/) 2 ln(1/)
Dado que
(1 4 ) = (1 2 )(1 + 2 )
(0 ) 2 0
(1 2 )[(1 + 2 )ln(1/) (1 2 )] = (1 2 )
8 2
(0 ) 2 0
[(1 + 2 )ln(1/) (1 2 )] =
8 2
Assim
40
(0 ) =
2 [(1 + 2 )ln(1/) (1 2 )]
Ou
(0 ) 2 0
=
4 [(1 + )ln(1/) (1 2 )]
2
(0 ) 2 2 (1 ) 0 ln ( )
= [1 ( ) ln ( )]
4 ln(1/) ln(1/)
0 2 (1 ) 0 ln ( )
= [1 ( ) ln ( )]
[(1 + 2 )ln(1/) (1 2 )] ln(1/) ln(1/)
2 (1 )
1 ( ) ln ( ) ln ( )
ln(1/)
= 0 [ ]
(1 + 2 )ln(1/) (1 2 ) ln(1/)
2 (1 )
1( ) ln ( ) ln ( )
ln(1/)
=[ 2 2
]
0 (1 + )ln(1/) (1 ) ln(1/)
ln( ) (1 2 )
Multiplicando o numerado e o denominador do termo ln(1/) por [(1 + 2 ) 1 ]
ln( )
(1 2 )
ln ( ) (1 + 2 )ln ( ) ln ( )
ln(1/)
= 2 2
ln(1/) (1 + )ln(1/) (1 )
2 (1 ) (1 2 )
1( ) ln ( ) (1 + 2 )ln ( ) ln(1/) ln ( )
ln(1/)
=[ ]
0 (1 + 2 )ln(1/) (1 2 ) (1 + 2 )ln(1/) (1 2 )
2
2 (1 ) (1 2 )
1( ) ln ( ) (1 + 2 )ln ( ) + ln ( )
ln(1/) ln(1/)
=
0 (1 + 2 )ln(1/) (1 2 )
[ ]
2
1 ( ) (1 + 2 )ln ( )
=[ ]
0 (1 + 2 )ln(1/) (1 2 )
Definindo = /
(1 2 ) (1 + 2 )ln(1/)
=
0 (1 + 2 )ln(1/) (1 2 )
Ou
(1 2 ) (1 + 2 )ln(1/)
=
0 (1 2 ) (1 + 2 )ln(1/)
Letra B
= 0 = ( 0 )
1 = ()( 0 )
40 ()
2 = (0 ) =
2 [(1 + 2 )ln(1/) (1 2 )]
40
2 =
(1 + )ln(1/) (1 2 )
2
40
2 =
(1 ) (1 + 2 )ln(1/)
2
Tambm temos uma fora de cisalhamento devido ao contato do fluido com a parede do
cilindro:
Sendo:
(0 ) (1 2 ) 0
= [ ( )]
2 2ln(1/) ln(1/)
Logo:
20 / (1 2 ) 0
= 2 2
[ ( )]
(1 + )ln(1/) (1 ) 2ln(1/) ln(1/)
(1 2 )
20 [ 2ln(1/) ( )]
= { }
2 2 2ln(1/)
(1 + )ln(1/) (1 )
(1+ 2 ) (1 2 )
Multiplicando o denominador do segundo termo por 2
2ln(1/)
(1 + 2 ) (1 2 )
2 2ln(1/)
=
2ln(1/) (1 + 2 )ln(1/) (1 2 )
(1 2 ) (1 + 2 ) (1 2 )
20 [ 2ln(1/) ( )]
2 2ln(1/)
= 2 2
(1 + )ln(1/) (1 ) (1 + )ln(1/) (1 2 )
2
{ }
(1 2 ) (1 + 2 ) (1 2 )
(
20 2ln(1/) ) +
2 2ln(1/)
=
(1 + 2 )ln(1/) (1 2 )
[ ]
2
(1 + )
20
= [ 2 ]
(1 + 2 ) ln (1) (1 2 )
0 2 ( ) (1 + 2 ) ( )
= [ ]
(1 + 2 )ln(1/) (1 2 )
Em r = kR
0 2 (1 + 2 )(1/)
= = [ ]
(1 + 2 )ln(1/) (1 2 )
A fora cisalhante ento ser:
3 = 2()( = )
0 2 (1 + 2 )(1/)
3 = 2() [ ]
(1 + 2 )ln(1/) (1 2 )
2 (1 + 2 )(1/)
3 = 2 0 [ ]
(1 + 2 )ln(1/) (1 2 )
2 (1 + 2 )(1/)
3 = 20 [ ]
(1 2 ) (1 + 2 )ln(1/)
22 1
3 = 20 [ ]
(1 2 ) (1 + 2 )ln(1/)
(2 1)
3 = 20 [ ]
(1 2 ) (1 + 2 )ln(1/)
1 + 2 + 3 = 0
40 2 ( 2 1)
()2 ( 0 ) 1
+ 20 [
1
]=0
2 2 2 2
(1 ) (1 + ) ln () (1 ) (1 + ) ln ()
40 2 ( 2 1)
20 [ ] = ()2 ( 0 )
1 1
(1 2) (1 + 2 ) ln ( ) (1 2 ) (1 + 2 ) ln ( )
22 (2 1)
20 [ 1
] = ()2 ( 0 )
2 2
(1 ) (1 + ) ln ()
( 2 + 1)
20 [ 1
] = ()2 ( 0 )
2 2
(1 ) (1 + ) ln ()
2 2 1
( 0 ) (1 ) (1 + ) ln ( )
= () [ ]
20 (1 + 2 )
( 0 ) (1 2 )
= () [ ln(1/) ]
20 (1 + 2 )
(0 ) 1 1 2
= () [(ln ) ( )]
20 1 + 2
DEMAIS CLCULOS
40 4 (1 )2
= [ [(1] 4
) ]
2 [(1 + 2 )ln(1/) (1 2 )] 8 ln(1/)
0 (1 )
[ 2k]
2 ln(1/)
0
2 (1 )2 (1 )
= [(1 4 ) ] 0 [ 2k]
[(1 + 2 )ln(1/) (1 2 )] ln(1/) 2 ln(1/)
2
4 (1 )
(1 ) (1 ) 2kln(1/)
ln(1/)
= 0 [ ]
2 [(1 + 2 )ln(1/) (1 2 )] ln(1/)
{ }
Sendo
(1 4 ) = (1 2 )(1 + 2 )
(1 2 )
E multiplicando o segundo termo por (1 + 2 ) ln(1/)
2
2 (1 2 )
(1 )(1 + ) 1 2k(1 + 2 )ln(1/) + 2k(1 2 )
(1 ) 2kln(1/) ln ( )
=
ln(1/) (1 + 2 )ln(1/) (1 2 )
2
(1 2 )4 2 2
(1 ) 2kln(1/) (1 ) ln(1/) 2k(1 + )ln(1/) + 2k(1 )
=
ln(1/) (1 + 2 )ln(1/) (1 2 )
Logo:
2
4 (1 )
(1 )
ln(1/)
= 0
2 [(1 + )ln(1/) (1 2 )]
2
{
(1 2 )2
(1 4 ) 2k(1 + 2 )ln(1/) + 2k(1 2 )
ln(1/)
(1 + 2 )ln(1/) (1 2 )
}
2k(1 + 2 )ln(1/) + 2k(1 2 )
= 0 [ ]
2 (1 + 2 )ln(1/) (1 2 )
(1 2 ) (1 + 2 )ln(1/)
= 0 ()2 [ ]
(1 + 2 )ln(1/) (1 2 )
(1 2 ) (1 + 2 )ln(1/)
= 0 ()2 [ ]
(1 2 ) (1 + 2 )ln(1/)
= = 2
0
(1 2 ) (1 + 2 )ln(1/)
= 2 [0 ]
(1 2 ) (1 + 2 )ln(1/)
20
= 2 2
[(1 + 2 )ln(1/) (1 2 )]
(1 ) (1 + )ln(1/)
20 2
= [(1 + 2 )ln ( ) [1 ( ) ] ]
(1 2 ) (1 + 2 )ln(1/)
20 3
= 2
[(1 + )ln ( ) + ]
(1 2 ) (1 + 2 )ln(1/)
Sendo:
2 2
ln ( ) = ln ( ) +
2 4
Temos ento:
20 2 2 4
= 2
[(1 + ) ln ( ) + (1 + ) + 2
]
(1 2 ) (1 + 2 )ln(1/) 2 4 2 4
20 2 (1 2 )
= [(1 + 2 ) ln(1/) + (1 + 2 )
(1 2 ) (1 + 2 )ln(1/) 2 4
(1 2 ) (1 )4
+ ]
2 4
2
Sendo: (1 + 2 )(1 ) = (1 4 )
Temos que:
20 2 (1 4 ) (1 2 )
= [ (1 + 2 ) ln(1/) +
(1 2 ) (1 + 2 )ln(1/) 2 4 2
(1 4 )
+ ]
4
0 2 /2 1
= 2 2
[2(1 + 2 )k 2 ln ( ) + 2 2 4 2 + 2)]
(1 ) (1 + )ln(1/)
0 2 /2 1
= 2 2
[2(1 + 2 )k 2 ln ( ) 2 4 + 2)]
(1 ) (1 + )ln(1/)
0 () 1
= [ ( 1 + 2
)ln ( ) 2 + 1)]
(1 2 ) (1 + 2 )ln(1/)
Por fim:
(1 ) (1 + 2 )ln(1/)
= 0 () [ ]
(1 2 ) (1 + 2 )ln(1/)
Vazo mssica:
(1 2 ) (1 + 2 )ln(1/)
= 0 ()2 [ ]
(1 2 ) (1 + 2 )ln(1/)
Velocidade mdia:
2
0
= 2
0
= =
(1 2 ) (1 2 )
2 [ ]
2
0 ()2 (1 + 2 )ln(1/) + (1 2 )
= [ ]
(1 2 ) (1 2 ) (1 + 2 )ln(1/)
0 2 (1 2 ) (1 + 2 )ln(1/)
= [ ]
(1 2 ) (1 2 ) (1 + 2 )ln(1/)
Fora cisalhante
Em r = kR
0 2 (1 + 2 )(1/)
= = [ ]
(1 + 2 )ln(1/) (1 2 )
Em r = R
0 2 (1 + 2 )
= = [ ]
(1 + 2 )ln(1/) (1 2 )
= 2( = ) + 2( = )
0 22 + (1 + 2 ) + 2 (1 + 2 )
= 2 [ ]
(1 + 2 )ln(1/) (1 2 )
(1 2 )
= 4 0 [ 1
]
(1 + 2 ) ln () (1 2 )
= 2 (1 2 ) (0 )
40
= 2 (1 2 )
2 [(1 + 2 )ln(1/) (1 2 )]
(1 2 )
= 4 0 [ 1
]
(1 + 2 ) ln () (1 2 )
RESUMO
(0 ) (1 2 ) 0
= [ ( )]
2 2ln(1/) ln(1/)
(0 )4 (1 )2 0 (1 )
= [(1 4 ) ] [ 2k]
8 ln(1/) 2 ln(1/)
(0 )4 (1 )2 0 (1 )
= [(1 4 ) ] [ 2k]
8 ln(1/) 2 ln(1/)
(0 )2 (1 4 ) (1 2 ) 0 1 2k
= [ 2
] [ ]
8 (1 ) ln(1/) 2 ln(1/) (1 2 )
= 2 (1 2 ) (0 )
(1 2 ) (1 + 2 )ln(1/)
= 0
(1 2 ) (1 + 2 )ln(1/)
0 2 ( ) (1 + 2 ) ( )
= [ ]
(1 + 2 )ln(1/) (1 2 )
(1 2 ) (1 + 2 )ln(1/)
= 0 ()2 [ ]
(1 2 ) (1 + 2 )ln(1/)
(1 2 ) (1 + 2 )ln(1/)
= 0 ()2 [ ]
(1 2 ) (1 + 2 )ln(1/)
0 2 (1 2 ) (1 + 2 )ln(1/)
= [ ]
(1 2 ) (1 2 ) (1 + 2 )ln(1/)
(1 2 )
= 4 0 [ 1
]
(1 + 2 ) ln () (1 2 )