TUTORIAL 1

Question 1:

Define software error, software fault and software failure. Explain the differences between
these undesirable software statuses.

Software Error Software Fault Software Failure

Software error made by
programmer or human error.
It can be grammatical error or
logical error.
Software fault happen when Software failure happen
there are software error. It can when software fault is
cause improper functioning, activated.
but the fault can be neutralized
by subsequent code of lines.
However, not all software error
becomes software fault.

Question 2:

According to the IEEE definition of SQA, quality control (QC) is not equated with quality
assurance (QA).

(1) In what respects does QC vary from QA?

Quality Assurance activities are about to conform the product meet the requirements
and to gain user satisfaction. In contrast, Quality Control activities are only part of
Quality Assurance activities.

(2) Why can QC be considered part of QA?

In order to gain user satisfaction and meet the requirement, Quality Control can be
considered as part of Quality Assurance. Quality Control is done at the last phase of the
Quality Assurance activities.
Question 3:

Define and give example of each of the qualities below:

i) Usability
- Deal with the initial effort required to learn, and the recurring effort to use the
functionality of the software.
Example :
Data entry clerks will be able to input data from the forms with 98%
accuracy in a mean time of less than 10 minutes.

ii) Integrity
- Deals with security against either overt or covert access to the programs or data
Example :
Online banking/internet banking provides integrity to user in term of
secure users data and account from strangers.

iii) Efficiency
- Deals with the resources needed to provide the required functionality. How
efficient the software.
Example :
The system able to provide function which user ask such as save
function.

iv) Correctness
- Deals with the extent to which the software design and implementation conform
to the stated requirements.
Example :
The system which design is confirm follow the entire stated requirement
in the documentation and it meet user requirement.

v) Reliability
- Deals with the rate of failures in the software that render it useable
Example :
The software still can be use though facing with some kind of error which
may cause to system failure. The error can be fix.

vi) Maintainability
- Deals with the ease of finding and fixing errors
Example :
Put comment at every part of written code help other programmer find
the error and fix the error. Else, provide proper documentation to user.
vii) Testability
- Software testability is the degree to which a software artifact (i.e. a software system,
software module, requirements- or design document) supports testing in a given test
context. (by Wikipedia)
Example :
Tester can test the program according to their test plan.

viii) Flexibility
- Deals with modifying the software to work in difference environment
Example :
The software which develops is multi-OS. It can be implementing on
Windows OS and also Linux OS.

ix) Reusability
- Deals with the use of portions of the software for other applications
Example :
Recycle the software by take certain part of the software and add an
additional functionality.

x) Portability
- Deals with transporting the software to execute on a host processor or operating
system different from the one for which it was designed
Example :
Package of change request for renew driver license according to birth
date able to send to all over JPJ branches in Malaysia as Minister ask to
implement it simultaneously.

xi) Interoperability
- Deals with how easy it is to couple the software in other system or applications
Example :
Air Asia booking online website convenient users to do a payment as
their system integrate with other banking online.
Question 4:

Consider McCalls model and the Deutsch and Willis model.

(1) What are the formal differences between the models?

McCalls model consists of 11 factors while Deutsch and Williss model consists of 15
factors.

(2) What are the content differences between the models?

In McCalls model have integrity as one of factors. However in Deutsch and Willis got
all the factors in McCall except integrity and there have 5 additional factors.

(3) What new subjects were actually added by the Evans and Marciniak model to McCalls
model?
i. Survivability
ii. Expendability
iii. Verifiability
iv. Safety
v. Manageability

Question 5:

Requirement Factor: 1. Maintainability

2. Portability

3. Usability

4. Reusability

5. Efficiency

Question 6:

1. Describe a similarity and a difference between software products and other industrial
product, which may affect defect detection in the products.

Similarity Software & Industrial Differences - Software Vs Industrial

product product
Both of the software and industrial product Software product is more focus into
needs all the process which is development programming or code. In contrast, the
and maintenance process to maintain the other industrial product is focus on
 quality. quality and quantity of the productivity.

Detect defection during late In contrast with other industrial products,

development/production requires high cost software functionality increase during
and time. period of time while functionality
industrial product decrease. Usually,
industrial not come up with different
version like software but come up with
the new product.

2. Identify two main processes in the above figure. Specify an objective of software quality
assurance for each process.
Two main process in the figure is :-
Development process Aim to detect design and programming errors.

Maintenance process Include specialized maintenance components as

well as development life cycle components, which are applied mainly for
functionalities improving maintenance tasks.