Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
Nineteenth Century
Mathematics
Herbert Mehrtens,
Henk 80S,
Ivo Schneider, editors
Springer Science+
Business Media, LLC
Editors
Herbert Mehrtens
Technische Universitt Berlin
Ernst-Reuter-Platz 7
0-1000 Berlin 10
Federal Republic of Germany
Henk Ros
Math. Instituut
Rijksuniversiteit Utrecht
Budapestlaan 6
The Netherlands
Ivo Schneider
Institut fr Geschichte der Naturwissenschaften der Universitt Mnchen
Deutsches Museum
0-8000 Mnchen 26
Federal Republic of Germanv
PART I
Aspects of a Fundamental Change - The Early
Nineteenth Century
Henk Bos
Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Dirk J. Struik
Mathematics in the Early Part of the Nineteenth
Century............................................... 6
Luke Hodgkin
l1athematics and Revolution from Lacroix to Cauchy..... 50
PART 11
The Professionalization of Mathematics and Its
Educational Context
Ivo Schneider
Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Ivo Schneider
Forms of Professional Activity in Mathematics
Before the Nineteenth Century......................... 89
vi
Gert Schubring
The Conception of Pure Mathematics as an Instrument
in the Professionalization of Mathematics....... ..... 111
Philip C. Enros
Cambridge University and the Adoption of Analytics
in Early Nineteenth-Century England................ ... 135
Leo Rogers
A Survey of Factors Affecting the Teaching of
Mathematics Outside the Universities in Britain
in the Nineteenth Century........... .................. 149
Umberto Bottazzini
Mathematics in a Unified Italy............. ...... ..... 165
Horst-Eckart Gross
The Employment of Mathematicians in Insurance
Companies in the Nineteenth Century. .............. .... 179
PART 111
Individual Achievements in Social Context
Henk Bos
Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199
David Bloor
Hamilton and Peacock on the Essence of Algebra........ 202
Thomas Hawkins
The Berlin School of Mathematics..... .............. ... 233
Albert C. Lewis
F. Schleiermacher's Influence on H. Grassmann's
Mathematics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246
vii
APPENDIX
Herbert Mehrtens
Socia1 History of Mathematics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257
Herbert Mehrtens
graphy.
257
258
of mathematics is discussed.
as weIl.
of science.
to do more than state that a new social role for the mathema-
and institutions.
tive process from the very beginning. The future tasks will
us of theories.
1981, Introduction).
upon has its own right and may produce an important part of
added that the concepts applied are not stiff frames for
of 'school'-connections.
Jahnke and Otte (1981) make clear how strongly this was a