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-You are reminded of the need for good English and clear presentation in your answers.
-In answering questions on the history of Zimbabwe one must avoid generalizing points and
he/she must be specific.
-Irrelevant information does not earn one any marks but only waste ones time.
-Take note of key words in order to obtain full marks, e. g Discuss, Comment
THE INTRODUCTION
2. Definitions of terms that the reader needs to understand in order to follow your argument.
3. A statement of what you think the question requires you to do and how you are going to go
about it
Food for thought: An introduction should be like a womans skirt; long enough to cover the
essentials; short enough to retain interest.
1. Follow the plan you have made, giving a paragraph to each point
2. Link the paragraphs together to avoid abrupt changes of subject. The reader expects a smooth
journey. A bumpy journey will harm both you and the reader.
4. Keep in mind the title of the essay and make sure all points you make are relevant to it.
WHAT GOES INTO A POWERFUL CONCLUSION
1. The conclusion should not simply repeat what has already been said.
2. The conclusion must draw together all the main points in the essayuse fresh words.
3. The conclusion should refer closely to the question and show how the points you have made
lead you to arrive at your verdict (judgement).
4. Do not sit on the fence when making your judgement show that you are capable of making a
judgement and arguing a case persuasively.
PARAGRAPHING
A paragraph is a distinct passage or section in a book. Paragraphs are constructed on the basis of
content, each one being a logical unit. Rhetorical paragraphs, sometimes consisting of one
sentence, are used to achieve effects such as emphasis and variety.
The unified paragraph is one in which all sentences relate to the same purpose. The central idea
is normally stated in a single sentence (topic sentence). In expository writing (descriptive,
explanatory writing), it is generally the first sentences. In other types of writing, it may be the
last. In some cases a paragraph is framed by first and last sentences that say essentially the same
thing but in different words.
A fairly typical paragraph begins with a topic sentence that makes a general statement. The
sentences that follow then support or develop the statement with details, examples and evidence.
Paragraph
P-(point)
E-(explanations)
E- (examples)
BE LOGICAL
Unity of ideas, however, will not make a coherent paragraph. If related ideas are not arranged
logically, or if events are not recorded in the correct sequence, a paragraph may well be coherent.
CONJUCTIONS AND TRANSITIONS
Conjunctions and transitions link sentence to sentence, paragraph to paragraph, as well chapter to
chapter.
Transitional word- links sentence to sentence. Some of the most common transitional words and
phrases are listed below-
-However
-nevertheless
-nonetheless
-moreover
-in addition to
-also
-again
-in relation to
-firstly
-secondly etc
Criticise- express your balanced judgement about the merit or truth of the material in question.
Give the results of your scrutiny establishing both strengths and weaknesses
Comment- state your opinion on the material in question, clearly giving reasons. Support your
view with reference to suitable evidence or explanations as appropriate
Compare- look for qualities or characteristics that resemble each otheremphasize similarities
Discuss- examine and analyse carefully, giving reasons for and against, advantages and
disadvantages. Make sure your discussion is detailed and complete. Consider all sides of the
issue and try to reach a balanced conclusion.
Explain- clarify and interpret the material. Give the reasons for the important features or
developments and try to analyse causes.
Evaluate- decide how something is worth. Carefully appraise the subject describing both
advantages and disadvantages. Weigh the particular subject, whether it is worth or not
Illustrate- use specific examples, figures to explain, demonstrate or clarify an argument or point
of view
Wish you the best in your final examinationsfailing to plan is planning to fail.