[Slide #90] Adenocarcinoma, Lung

Description &Etiology Morphology

most common form of lung cancer found in
women, non-smokers bronchiole (PSCE)
a type of non small-cell lung carcinoma
malignant epithelial tumor with glandular
formation producing mucin, peripherally
located

Tobacco smoking, second hand smoke,
exposure to radon & asbestos
Clinical Manifestations/Complications
chronic cough, weight loss, dyspnea, chest pain,
hemoptysis, fever, fatigue, dysphagia, wheezing
Pathogenesis
exposure to carcinogensKRAS,EGFR mutation
& inactivation of TSG RB1, p53,
p16accumulationneoplastic phenotype
Manual Questions
Histologic type of bronchogenic carcinoma which is
commonly assoc. with scarringLung Adenocarcinoma
SVC syndrome(+)obstruction of blood flow in the
superior vena cava due to presence of tumor
Benign alveoli Prepared by: Lerma S. Magalong

[Slide #94] Adenocarcinoma, Colon

Benign Glands
Description &Etiology Morphology
Most common malignancy of the GI tract
Low intake of fiber
High intake of refined carbohydrates and fat
Multiple polyps (Familial Adenomatous
Polyposis)
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expressed in 40
to 90%
Clinical Manifestations/Complications
Right-sided Colon CA iron deficiency anemia,
fatigue, weakness
Left-sided Colon CA occult bleeding,
changes in bowel habits, cramping left lower
quadrant discomfort
Pathogenesis
APC/B catenin pathway
Microsatellite instability pathway
CpG island methylation Malignant Glands
Manual Questions
What are the risk factors implicated in the
development of colon cancer? Old age (60-70), low
fiber high fat intake, family history of colon CA, familial
adenomatous polyp, radiation therapy
What lesion does colon cancer originate? Usually
begin as polyp in the inner lining of colon
What is the histologic grade of the tumor? Grade 2
Prepared by: Carlos B. Manabat Jr.

Slide 201] - [Adenocarcinoma], [Prostate]
Description &Etiology Morphology
Leading cause of cancer morbidity in males.
Androgens, Resistance to Androgen damage,
Inherited Polymorphism, hypermethylation of Malignant Glands in
glutathione S-transferase (GSTP1) gene which down- back to back pattern
regulates GSTP1 expression Benign hyperplastic glands
Clinical Manifestations/Complications
Pain
Decreased force in the stream of urine
Difficulty in urinating or Difficulty Initiating
Urinary Retention
Blood in the urine and or semen
Problems during sexual intercourse, or erectile
dysfunction.
Swelling in the legs
Discomfort in the pelvic area, Bone pain
Pathogenesis
DNA Damagecarcinogenesis invasion of adjacent
areasanatomic dysfunction
Manual Questions
Most common site of origin of prostate CA peripheral zone
Gleason grade defines the degree of differentiation while Gleason
score is the sum of the 2 dominant Gleason grades.

Stromal invasion
Prepared by: Adrian Levi L. Magbojos
[Slide #114] - [Krukenberg Tumor], [Ovary]
Description &Etiology Morphology
A metastatic signet ring cell adenocarcinoma of
the ovary. Mucin-laden
Stomach is the primary site in most cases (70%)
signet ring cells
Carcinomas of colon, appendix, and breast - next
with eccentric
most common primary sites
Clinical Manifestations/Complications
hyperchromatic
Manifests within the fifth decade of their lives, nuclei
with an average age of 45 years.
Abdominal pain and distension
Ascites is present in 50% of the cases and
usually reveals malignant cells.
Ovarian
Pathogenesis
Stroma
Gastric neoplasm that metastasize specifically
to the ovaries
Manual Questions
1. What organ is the most common 1 site of this
lesion? Stomach
2. What pathway of spread is utilized by this tumor?
Seeding

Prepared by: [alyanaellainematias.]

 [Slide #10] - [Carcinoma Metastatic to the Lymph Node]
Description &Etiology Morphology
Invasive Ductal Carcinomas accounts for 70-80% of
all breast cancers
Invasive - the disease or carcinogenic cells has
invaded or has already spread to the surrounding
breast tissues.
Ductal - the disease or carcinogenic cells
originated from the mammary ducts
Carcinoma epithelial
more common to women ages 40

Clinical Manifestations/Complications
Irregularly shaped lump
Swelling
Redness
Tendernsss
Dimpling / Retraction
Pathogenesis
Hematogenous Spread
Invasion of the extracellular matrix
Extravasation adhesion to the endothelium of the
target organ (Breast)
Breast CA cells express chemokine receptors Malignant Tumor Cells
CXCR4 and CCR7 respectively
Chemokines binds to these receptors that are highly
expressed in tissues to which breast CA
metastasize
Manual Questions
1.List the different route of metastasis of malignant
tumors. Seeding (penetrates an open field),
Lymphatics (most common pathway) and
Hematogenous (follows venous flow draining the site
of neoplasm)
2. Enumerate the characteristic of an anaplastic cell.
Pleomorphism, abnormal nuclear morphology (N:C
ratio), mitosis, loss of polarity.
3. What is the pathologic stage of the patient in the
case? Stage 3

Prepared by: [ Don Quixote Jr. ]