NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SANTA

CEIDUNS

TOPIC: Music theory basic

STUDENTS NAME: Sachn Patio Abraham

CICLE: Full Time Basic VI

DAYS: Monday Tuesday Thursday (4-8 pm)

TEACHER: Betty Risco Rodriguez

PRINCIPAL: Juan Martinez Guillen

 Dedication

I appreciate to God for having me given the opportunity to study

in the basic intensive English cycle, devote this exposition to my

parents and to each one of the professors that devoted to offer

us his knowledges so much academics like attitudinal with

patience , goodness and understanding

Introduction:

The music is an art , it is important to our lives as

always hear different songs , tunes; which are
often representative for our lives .

But , music is an art that uses the other science

and mathematics , so have a study little wide and
very insteresting, which often nor know.This work
was done in order to know a Little more than the
basic of music theory that many musicians know
and serving to encourage the interest of children
an people who want to know more about this
beautiful type of art
 The Pentagram

The pentagram is the graphic symbol in which it Centre all the musical spelling. In
the pentagram is where written the musical notes and other musical signs as the
compasses or the formulas of compass.

The pentagram is composed by five horizontal lines and parallel; in addition

equidistant.

These five parallel lines form four spaces between them. In these spaces also
situate the musical notes.

In the practice, say that there are five lines and four spaces These lines and spaces
appoints of down to up

The bass sounds written in the lowest part of the pentagram.

The sounds acute written in the top part of pentagram.

 The Musical Keys

The keys are a reference to know the location of a determinate musical note.

For example:

Key of Sol. It indicates that the note Do is in the 2

line. Is the most is used

Key of FA in 4 line. The note situated in the 4 line

of the pentagrama is a Fa. It uses a lot for piano
and trombone

Key of FA to in 3 line. The third line of the

pentagrama will contain a Fa..

Key of DO in 1. The first line of the pentagrama

will contain a Do. It uses for bass instruments.

Key of DO in 2. In the second line of the

pentagrama will situate the note Do.

Key of DO in 3. This key indicates that it is the Do

the note of the 3 line. It uses with instruments as it
violates it.

Key of DO in 4. In this case, the Do is in the 4

line.
 The Compasses

The compasses divide the pentagram in some boxes that have the same
quantity of time. This facilitates the reading, because it serves of visual guide in
a score.

Each compass has a watershed or bar of compass that separates it of the

following . This line does vertically in the compasses.

The double bar are two vertical lines together. It serves for several things,
basically to highlight changes, and also has to see with the visual guide of
which speaks in the compasses.

When seeing a double bar already know that something will change in what
we are for reading.
 Figures of value

The figures of value are those that determine the duration of the sounds between
himself.

The figures of value are seven, and of elder to less are:

ROUND
BLANCA
BLACK
QUAVER
SEMIQUAVER
DEMISEMIQUAVER
HEMIDEMISEMIQUAVER

Each silence corresponds in duration to the value of a determinate figure of value;

by what can say that there are equivalent couples in duration between figures and
silences.
 The ligadura

The ligadura of value or of prolongation is the line curve that see joining two or
more notes of the same height (with the same location in the pentagrama).
Only it touches the first note where initiates the ligadura, and adds the value
of the remaining tied.

The ligaduras of value can be inside a same compass, or joining notes of

several compasses so that a sound prolong by 5, 6, 7, 8, or more time.
When they tie more than two notes, the ligadura renews every time that add
another figure.
 The puntillo

It is a point that placed to the right of the note or of the silence increasing the
half of the value of the figure or silence that precedes it. Each figure or silence
equivale to two of which follow him (See relative value), and with puntillo
equivale to three of the same..
 The sings of repeticion

Bar of repetition

It is a wide bar that crosses in perpendicular the pentagram , characterizes for

having two points (on and under the 3 line of the pentagram). This bar of
repetition indicates us a fragment of score that has to repeat.

Boxes of verification

These boxes of verification use , generally, beside the bar of separation. This
symbol indicates also a repetition, but with a jump when it is touching the
repetition. In the practice, it is necessary to jump the compass indicated by the
first box ; happening directly to the box 2.

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 The sings of Expresion

These signs, or symbols of expression, serve to indicate distinct appearances to the

hour to touch a musical note, or musical sentence. These appearances to touch the
note can refer to the dynamics, the intensity, the tempo, etc.

They classify according to the type of nuance to touch

Nuances

These signs of expression say us with that intensity have to touch the musical
note. For example, if we have to do sound the strong or soft note. To
continuation show all the signs to control the nuances (name, symbol, like
touching):

Pianissimo: pp - Very soft

Piano: p - soft
Mezzo Piano: mp - half soft
Mezzo Forte: mf - half strong
Forte: f - strong
Fortissimo: ff - very strong
Piano forte: pf - soft and afterwards strong
Forte piano: fp - strong and afterwards soft
Crescendo: cresc. - Increasing little by little the intensity
Decrescendo: decresc. - Diminishing little by little the intensity
Diminuendo: dim. - Diminishing little by little the intensity

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