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CAE
Practice Tests

o Audioscripts & Key

. Writing Supplement including sample responses
with examiner comments
. Detailed JUSTIFICATION of the Answers for all key parts
of each practice test

BN 78 16415,
1545

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 Sample Responses for the Writing sections written by CAE candidates
followed by detailed justification of the marks awarded.

FREE DOWNLOADS:
You can download All the Sample Answers for All the Writing tasks for
Practice Tests 1-10 from our website: www.globalelt.co.uk/Cambridge-exams-CAE.html

Assessment scales
The scales which are used for marking the answers to the
Writing questions consist of the following four subscales:
l. Content:
Candidates are assessed based on how well they have fulfilled the task, and whether they have addressed
all the content points stated in the questions.

2. Communicative Achievement:
It focuses on the appropriateness of register and format for the task. Candidates are expected to show
command of the conventions of the communicative task and communicate their ideas in an effective and
convincing way, holding the target reader's attention and fulfilling all communicative purposes.

3. Organisation:
lnformation and ideas should be adequately organised with the correct use of cohesive devices.

4. Language:
It focuses on the range of structures and vocabulary and how accurately they are used.

Candidates' responses are marked on each subscale from 0 to 5.

Guidelines on Length
The number of words required for each writing task is 220-260 words and it is
clearly stated in the questions. Answers which might be too short, usually, do not
have an adequate range of language and do not include all the information that is
required for the specific task. On the other hand, very long answers, very often,
contain irrelevant information and may confuse the reader. ln both cases, candidates'
marks on the relevant subscales are affected in a negative way.

Spelling
US and other versions of spelling are accepted if used consistently.

Paper 2 - Writing Part I - Essay

The Part I question, which is the compulsory task, is always an Essay. Some notes on the topic, in the form of three bullet points, are
provided and candidates are required to select two of the bullet points and wn'te their essay. They should not refer to more than two
ofthe points, as this will lead to the essay being less developed than required. Candidates should state which ofthe two points is
more important and justiry their opinions.
They will also be provlded with three short opinions related to the bullet points to which they can refer in order to get information
to helP them develop their essay. Candidates should try and use their own words as far as possible and not cop), from the texts given.

An Essay is usuallywritGn for an academic tutor or as a follow up ofa discussion, panel discussion or a documentary etc. lt should be
well organised, with an introduction, clear paragraphs and final conclusion and should present an opinion giving reasons to support it.
Candidates need to practise using different ways to express opinions and agree or disagree using formal language. Correct use of
appropriate linking words, as well as opening and concluding paragraphs, is essential in essay writing.
TEST2 I PART1 QUESTION 1 . ESSAY MARK: 5
Everywhere we turn, nowodcys we see chsrities beseeching the public for money. Whether in the mony '6egging let-
ters' thot pop unsolicited though our moilboxes daily, or in the televised oppeals for charities, heoded by celebrities
trying to tug at our heort-sfrings .... but the guestion is, which chorities deserve to be funded cnd which should be
given priority in government funding? Are sporis ond recreotion charities more northy o couse for exomple, thon
heslfh chorities? This is o mojor dilemmo that is by no means o cleor-cut issue.

Let's toke sports ond recreation chorities compared to heolth chorifies Gs o cose in point. The formen hove o volid
cloim io government funding. 5porf ond recreotion halp reduce stress, ond keep people fit, positive ond heolthy. fn
oddition, sports ond recreotion centres olso provida a community focol point, enriching fhe lives of mony.

However, whot good is recreotion ond sporf if you are too unwell to porticipote? There is o much stronger orgument,
that heolth is sf greoter prioriiy thon sport ond recreation.

Furthermore, an increasingly oged population is becoming a heavy burden on healthcare, necessitating greoter fund-
ing for charities as the prevalence of Alzheimer's ond cancer increose proportionolly with on ogeing populction. Mony
now sre relisnt on support from heolth chorities. We hove on obligotion to fund these chorities, in return.

I believe thot the funding of health chorities is the greoter priority. After all, whot good ore heolth ond recreotion
centnes if we don't have enough hospitols for people who ore suffering? Without doubt, government funding musf be
directed first and foremost to health chanities.

Examiner comments:
Commentary
The essay clearly examines two of the points of debate, first setting out the general dilemma of government
funding with regard to charities in the introduction, before proceeding to debate the relative merits of two
given charities and the validity of their claim to government funding in the subsequent paragraphs.
The reader is left in no doubt as to the writer's belief, as to which charity is the more deserving of government
Content
funding, due to the clear analysis of why health charities are the more deserving cause, in paragraphs 3 and 4, '..
good is recreotion ond sPort if you ore too unwellto porticipate?'- (para 3)'An increosingly oged Population is
ing o heavy burden on healthcore,' (para 4), and the strong conclusion, voicing a personal opinion
'l believe thot the funding of heolth chorities is the greoter priority.'

personal opinions are voiced, the register is appropriately formal throughout and the arguments for spe-
cific funding of certain charities are being presented in a neutral tone: e.g 'Ihis is o mojor dilemmo thot is by no meons
cleor-cut issue (paragraph l)...' 'There is o much stronger orgument,..' (paragraph 3).
The use of rhetorical questions, also engages the reader, helping them follow the writer's line of argument: e.g
Communicative '... but the question is, which charities deserye to be funded ond which should be given priority in government funding?
Achievement (paragraph l).
The writer's belief in health charities being more wofthy of government funding, compared to sport and recreation
charities, is clearly laid out in paragraph 3: '... whot good is recreotion ond sport if you ore too unwell to porticipote?' and
paragraph 4:'... on increosingly oged populotion is becoming o heovy burden on healthcore, necessitating greoter funding
chorities,' and reinforced in the conclusion: '/ believe thot the funding of heolth charities is the greoter priority.'

The essential dilemma of government funding of various charities is clearly stated in the introduction: '..the
question is, which charities deserve to be funded ond which should be given priority in government funding?' before
proceeding to analyse the relative merits of two charities for government funding: 'Let's toke sports ond recre-
otion chorities compored to heolth chorities os o cose in point.'
The merits of funding sport and recreation charities are then analysed in paragraph 2 before the writer
Organisation
launches into their opinion in the following paragraph as to why health charities are more deserving of funding,
developing the argument in the subsequent paragraph. Arguments are clearly marked with signposts such as
'however.. furthermore..' guiding the reader through the writer's viewpoint. The conclusion clearly states the
writer's opinion, 'l believe thot the funding of heolth chorities is the greater p.riority,' ond proposes oppropriote ac-
tion,'. Without doubt, government funding must be directed first and foremost to health charities.
ere is ample evidence throughout of a sophisticated level of vocabulary: e.g 'beseeching' and 'unso/icited' as
ll as in phrases used, e.g 'tug ot our heart-strings'. The use of rhetorical questions to engage the reader shows
advanced command of language: e.g' ... what good is recreotion ond sport if you ore too unwellto porticipate?'
Language
(paragraph 3). Overall, the language is formal and neutral in tone, but the writer also offers their personal
opinion 'l believe that ..'and uses informal devices, e. g. 'Let's take sports and recreation charities..', so the essay
is lively and engaging.
TEST2 I PART1 QUESTION 1 . ESSAY MARK: 3

There are mony chorities oround. Some are deserving more of government funding fhan other ones. This essay will
discuss whether sport and recreotion charities or heolth chorities should io get the money.

fn my oPinion, there is no guestion thot sport ond recreotion charities are of lesser importoht to health charities.
There are mony peopla who don't do sport. so ii is stupid to be giving money to them-why be wostihg money thot
musf to be spent on more imporfsnt causes?

On the other hond, everyone at soma level in their lives is wanting heolthcore. Few people spend thier lives wiihout
visiting to the hospitol. Whot's more, as people get older they are needing more heip fron heolth charities, such os
concer chorities ond those concerned with ogeing-reloted illnesses. You know, this is going io be more of a problem
os the populsfion gets oldet. This is why we need more noney from the government being spend on haalth chorities.

50, in conclusion it con be seen thot sports ond tec?eation chorities do not deserve to be given so much honey os
health charities. I ihink thot it is not just unuseful; it is octuoly wrong fo be giving money to sport and recreotion
chorities. I think you must to agree wiih me.

Examiner comments:
Subscale Mark Commental'f
Whilst the government dilemma of which charities should be funded, is clearly set out in the introduction,
as well as which charities will be addressed in the discussion, e.g.'Ihis essoy willdiscuss whether sport ond
recreotion charities or heolth chorities should to get the money.', the writer fails to develop their argument as
to why sport and recreation charities are of lesser importance than health charities.
Content 3 The author merely gives one reason why sport charities should not be funded but makes no reference to
why recreation is not as important, compared to health. The conclusion voices a personal opinion 'l think
thot it is not just unuseful, it is octuoly wrong to ...' as well as offering a general viewpoint on the issue: '... in
conclusion it con be seen thot sports ond recreotion chorities do not deserye to be given so much money os heolth
chorities.'

The introduction includes a clear definition of the essay topic and what is to be discussed, followed by a
coherent development of ideas in paragraphs 2 and 3, debating respectively the relative worthiness of sport
and recreation charities vs health charities. The essay allows the reader to easily follow the writer's train of
thought, which is clearly summed up in the conclusion.
Communicative
3 The use of a rhetorical question:'... why be wasting money thot must to be spent on more importont couses?'
Achievement (paragraph 2), actively engages the reader in the debate as does the writer's device of directly addressing
the reader:'You know, this is going to be more of o problem os the populotion gets o/der.'
The register, is however, a bit too informal, here. The often, incorrect use of grammar, whilst not impeding
understanding does not aid clarity.
The essay is clearly organised into an introduction, raising the issue of government funding to charities and
the dilemma it presents, as well as setting out the main issues to be discussed: 'fhis essoy will discuss ..'
The issue of whether sports and recreation charities should be funded is first addressed, but not fully devel-
oped, in paragraph 2, followed by an adequately developed discussion in the subsequent paragraph as to
Organisation 4
why health charities should be given the priority in government spending.
A strongly-defined conclusion: 'So, in conclusion it con be seen ...' draws the essay together, as well as voicing
the author's own opinion on the issue: 'l thinkthot it is not just unuseful, it is octuoly wrongto be giving money
to sport and recreotion chorities.'
There are frequent grammar mistakes throughout the essay, with the present continuous form being used
instead of the present simple 'Some are deserving..' 'it is stupid to be giving' and the wrong constructions of
modal forms,'should to get the money...'Money that must to be spent,' You must to agree,' as well as incor-
rect grammatical structures '..are of lesser importance to..'.
Language 3
Phrases are also misused, the phrase 'On the other hond' being used to draw the reader's attention to an
opposing argument, without having first qualified it with the preceeding phrase, 'On the one hond..'.ln addi-
tion there is quite a considerable number of misspelled words 'thier,' 'actuoly,'and incorrect preposition use
'... visitlng to the hospitol.'
TEST2 - PART 1 QUESTION 1 . ESSAY MARK: 2

Sport and recneotion chqrities and health charifies are both too importonce. So we hove fo be choosing one,
fhe govetnmenl must to decide ond the problem is which, fhen?

5o let's think about sPorts ond recreation charities first. Well f'm doing a lof of sport ond recreotion ond f
reckon it's o good thing. But do you think the government should pcy for these chorities? OK, I'm doing o lot of
sPort but not everyone is like me. Thera's loads of people who think therefore that the government shouldn't
spend money on this kind of chcrity.

Let's now look ot heslth chorities, then. f think thot fhese should be given lots of more honey thdn sport and
recreotion chorities. There ore too morry old folk todoy in the populafion so they arc needing o lot of heolthccre
ond so on. Ihey ore depending on health choriiies. I reckon this is going to get worsi ss the populotion is
getling older- And that's another thing .. with so mony oldar folks oround whose going to wont sports focilities -
5o thot's a woste olso spending money on sport qnd recreotion chorities.

Then there's the foct thot everyone gets ill sometime-don't they? 5o people like you and me ore going to be
wonting io use focilities fundad by heolth charities. There are loads of illnesses being coused by ageing so when
we too get old we will need help.

fn conclusion, I belief thot money should be spent on health charities. Sporfs ond recreotion just ore not so
importont ora thay?

Examiner comments:
Commentary
The content is relevant to the task but the writer's ideas are not expressed in an organised way.
The dilemma of government funding with regard to two of the given charities, is addressed in the introduc-
tion, although the overall dilemma of charity funding, is not. The discussion is then developed in the follow-
ing paragraphs, referring first to sport and recreational charities in paragraph2 and then developing an
Content argument favouring the funding of health charities in the following 2 paragraphs. However, the validity of
funding sport and recreation is only being briefly touched upon and then only with regard to sport and not
recreation, in itself. Paragraph 4 abruptly reintroduces another argument against sport and recreation fund-
ing, repeating some of the ideas of the previous paragraph.
The register is far too informal, the reader being frequently addressed directly by the writer: 'So /et's think
obout...' or 'do you think the government should ...'. There is also an overuse of informal phrases: 'O.K, ..not
everyone is /ike me ...'. Opposing viewpoints are too informally introduced: 'Let's now look ot ...' 'Then there's
the fact thot ...'rather than conventional devices such as: 'With regord to, ... moreover, furthermore..'.
Achievement
conventions of essay writing are not used well and the arguments used are limited. The writer of the
essay doesn't manage to hold the target reader's attention.

Despite the clear paragraphing, the essay is not well organised and coherent. The introduction clearly intro-
duces the types of organisation that are to be discussed, with reference to government funding, however ar-
ts are not clearly or logically developed, such as the writer's belief that sport and recreation charities
Organisation are not as deserving of government funding .as are health charities. The writer gives a personal example to il-
Iustrate this belief without clearly relating the issue to the general public: 'OK, l'm doing o lot of sport but not
everyone is /ike me. Ihere's loods of people who think therefore that the government shouldn't spend money on
this kind of chority.'

There is a frequent misuse of the present continuous tense throughout-the present continuous form being
used in place of the present simple: 'So, we have to be choosing one..' 'l'm doing a lot of sport..' Vocabulary is
extremely limited and simplistic; the writer referring to'/oods of people,'and 'o/d folks'instead of using more
formal, advanced vocabulary such as 'the vost mojority' or'older people'respectively. Vocabulary and phrases
Language are also incorrectly used, e.g'lots of more money.'
The major problem though, is the inappropriate use of an informal tone throughout, the writer frequently
addressing the reader: 'So /et's think obout..., Now, /et's look dt ...' as well as too often use of informal phrases
e.g 'l reckon this...'.
TESTlIPART2 QUESTION 3 - LETTER MARK:3

Deor sir or Modqm,

I qm wriling in resPonse io ihe odvert I sqw in ihe newspqper s eeking for people to work os tour guides. I think f would
moke o very good tour guide ond f wish to opply for the job.

fhere ore s number of reosons thot I think I would mqke on ideal zmployee for you. I am nineteen yeors old ond hove just
cohplefed my first yeor studying orchceology at the universiiy. Alfhough f did not grow up in lhis city, I reolly love it here
ond have eqjoyed getting to know the city. Now, I know it like the bqck of my hond, but I still hove the ehthusiosm of o
visifor. For this rcoson f think f would be very good ot showing other visitors oround. I hove olwoys been o socioble ond
like meeting and ialking with people; for exomple when I storted university f joined five diffenenf clubs! Thoi wos a bit
much, so now I choose my three fovourite which f'm still octive with.

I believe the highlight of our orea is the hisfory. ft is o very greoi history ond it is known exfensively. There are very
mony crchoeologicol sites, which ore well known. for people to see ond visit ond undersfsnd. Not many cities hqve such on
opportunity io educote visitors so much qbout the post.

f oPPreciote your attention to my letfer cnd I hope you will consider my opplicotion. If you need any more infonhoiion
please leel free to contqct me. I hope to hear from you soon.

Yours foithfully,

r Content r Register: Formal language.

The LETTER must include the following information: r Organisation;
. Age ofthe applicant. Clearly organised into paragraphs with appropriate linking
. Whether hdshe has knowledge ofthe area (include a devices.
highlight ofthe area). r Language:
' Applicant's character, his/her interests and whether Language ofdescription, explanation and comparison.
he/she tets on well with people.

Examiner comments:
Subscale Mark Commentarl
Allthe points covered and expanded. The candidate has provided all the information required:
'l am nineteen yeors old and hove just completed my
frrst year studying ...'and '... the highlight of our oreo is
Content 4 the history.'
The ideas are presented in clear paragraphs in a logical manner. The target reader would be informed, and
would consider the applicant.
The conventions of an application letter writing are used well. The register is formal, but some expressi;ns
Communicative could have been expressed in a more formal way: 'Now, I know it like the bock of my hand, but ...'.
3
Achievement The clear paragraphing also helps to hold the target reader's attention.
The letter is clearly organised into paragraphs and uses some cohesive devices: 'Although I did not ...'
'For this reason I think I would be ...'. More linking words such as: 'therefore, moreover, on the one hond etc'
Organisation 3 could have been used to make the meaning even clearer.
The ideas are clearly introduced, although in the second paragraph the 'number of reasons' are not men-
tioned very clearly in the sentences that follow; 'There ore o number of reosons thot I think I would ...'
There is a range of relevant vocabulary which is used appropriately 'l would be very good ot showingother visitors
oround.' There is also a range of simple grammatical structures used accurately:
Language 3 'l think I would moke o very good tour guide' (use of modals)
There are a few non-impeding errors: 'l have olways been o socioble and like meeting...' and 'l hove olwoys
been a socioble and like meeting'.

r
TESTlIPART2 QUESTION 3 . LETTER MARK: 2

Deqr Sir or Mqdqm,

I wonl to opply for the job of tour guide. f hope you will like my opplicotion. I know my locol areo very well becouse f grew
up here and I om interested in lecrning oll obout oll ihe interesting things here. There are o lof of sites to see ond good
hotels qnd restquronts to visii.

I gel on wzll wifh people ond I comrnunicote very well with theh. I om friends with everybody. I do not fight or argue wiih
people ond I om polite with lhem. I om funny ond I like to go to lhe cinemo with my friends and fhen moybe to cof6 to tolk
with fhem qbout things. We give eoch other qdvice. I also like to reod nany book ond f like sometimes to moke poiniings.
I would like very much to hove lhe opportunity to be o tour guide ond moke friendships with more people. f would moke o
good lour guide becsuse f om friendly to oll the people and I arn polite with them. I would help them to be comfortoble ond
to hove nice times.

f would scy the highlight of the oreo is oll the good seofood restouronts ond the seofront ploces to wqlk qnd sit in cqfes
ond eoi. These ore o perfecl ploce to toke o holiday ond to relox. The food is very good ond if is unique. The tourists cqn
sit outside by the seo ond they con enjoy themselves.

Thonk you very much for reoding my letter qnd I hope you will think qbout tqking me for the job of tour guide.

Yours foithfully,

A Letter of Application is always formal in

style unless the question explicitly states oth-
erwise. lts purpose is to propose a candidate,
and outline his suitability, for a particular posi-
tion. Description (of a person's character and
strengths), explanation and justification are
important functions in a Letter of Application.

Examiner comments:
Subscale Mark Commentary
Not all the points mentioned in the advert have been covered (e.g. oge of the applicont) and some
irrelevant information has been included: 'We give each other advice.'
Content 2
The target reader would be informed despite the lack of cohesive devices: 'We give each other odvice. I olso
like to reod mony books ond ...'

The conventions of the communicative task are not used effectively. The register and tone should be
Communicative formal but instead in most cases informal language is used: 'l om friends with everybody ...' 'l wont to opply for
2
Achievement ...'. This would have a negative effect on the target reader, who is the potential employer.
Organised into paragraphs, but lacking cohesion. Linking words such as: 'therefore, moreover, on the one
Organisation 3 hond etc.'are not used: 'l would moke o good tour guide becouse I om friendly to oll the people ond I am polite
with them. I would help them ...'

Range of vocabulary and structure is limited: 'l om friendly to all the people.'
Vocabulary not adequate to effectively accomplish the task.
Language 2 Basic structures generally accurate, but no attempt made at anything but very basic expressions: '
The food is very good ond it is unique. The tourists con sit outside by the seo ond they can enjoy themse/ves.'

tt
TESTlIPART2 QUESTION 4. REVIEW MARK: 3

Film Review - Roheo ond Juliet

This new film of Romeo and Juliet is o very successful sdoptotion of Shokaspaore's fomous ploy and it does a greot
job of engaging the oudience with the story af oll times.

The story begins with a lorge fighl between the capulets ond the Montogues, two prestigious fomilies in Verons,
Itoly. Tha two protagonists of the story, Romeo and Juliet, who come from these two fomilies fcll in love, but they
loter neolise thot fheir fomilies are enemies. They are devostated, but they decide to morry ond finolly Romeo ond
Juliet mcrry by Frior Lawrence. Juliet's mother wonts to make Juliet to morry o mon nomed Poris but Juliet,
refuses to comply. Fr. lawrence gives her o poiion which will moke her oppeor deod ond he pnomisas to tell Romeo.
She drinks the potion and evarybody thinks she is deod. Frior Lowrence's letter foils find Romeo, so he ossumes
thot his wife is deod ond commits suicide. Lorer, when Juliet wokes she finds Romeo deod ond kills herself.
5o the film doesn't hove o hoppy end like mony Hollywood movies, but still the oudience loves itl

f would wholeheortedly recommend this film to onyone who like Shokespecne and romontic love stonies. ft is o
clossic siory ihot still oppeols to everybody even io younger oudiences.

r Content r Organisation:
The REVIEW must: Clearly organised into paragraphs with appropriate linking
' Describe the plot and the characters. devices.
. Say for whom the film is suitable. r Language:
. Mention any special effects or other important Language of description, explanation and opinion.
characteristics of the film. Vocabulaqy related to description of plot and recommendation
. Say why you would recommend that film to somebody. of a film.
r Register: Formal language.

Examiner comments:

Subscale Mark Commentary

All points covered and expanded (Describe the plot and the characters etc): 'The two protagonists oFthe
Content 4 story, Romeo ond Juliet ...'.
The target reader would be informed and interested.
The conventions of the task (review) are used effectively, holding the target reader's attention.
Communicative
3 The language is appropriate for the task - formal language since the review is addressed to the editor of a
Achievement magazine.
Clearly organised into paragraphs. The text is well organised and coherent, but more cohesive devices
Organisation 3 should have been used especially in the second paragraph.

Adequate range of vocabulary:'l would wholeheortedly recommend ...'

A range of simple and some more complex grammatical structures is used: 'Fr. Lowrence giyes her a potion
Language 3 which will moke her ..'(the simple present tense is used to describe the plot)
A number of non-impeding errors and awkward phrases: '... hoye been fighting with marry by ...'
'moke ... to'.

r
TESTlTPART2 QUESTION 4 - REVIEW MARK: 2

We all hove some zxperience in our lives thct we wish we could just forget. Have you evet though obout whof
would hoppen if the wish could come truez The novie "The Eternal Sunshine of o Spotless Mind" oddresses just
this thought.

ft is o story obout o mon and o womon who ore in love but then split up. They hove o very bad tihe qnd end up hste
eoch other ond hurt so bodly. 5o they decide to 90 in for o treothent to moke them better by arasing their mem
ories of eoch other totolly. The movie shows us their memories os the doctors go to find them in order to erose
them. We leorn obout thein relotionship ond oll the things that weht wrong. We see them in their memories os
they are fighling. We olso see the doctors find ond erosing some happy memories, thot probobly they would like to
keep. fhen afler the process hos completed. they go bock out into the world. They end up meeting eoch oiher
ogain, ond guess whot? They once agoinfoll in love. After sll, ihey ore the some people ond fhey hove no bcd
memories to moke them frighten. Will they moke the some mistokes ogoin, or might if work if ihey try ogoin?

It is o very clever movie, ond o fun movie ond I would highly recommend you to woich it if you get o chonce.

A Review is usually written for a magazine or news-

paper. lts aim is to describe and express the writer's
opinion about a film, a book, etc.
Description, explanation and recommendation are
important functions in a review.

Examiner comments:
Subscale Mark Commentary
Too much space devoted to describing plot and not enough suggesting who the film is suitable for and why.
Content 2 Characters not described adequately. The target reader would be partially informed.

Register appropriate to the task. Despite there in not clear paragraphing the text manages to hold the
Communicative target reader's affention.
3
Achievement
Not very well organised. Paragraphs present but very uneven in size.
Linking words such as: 'therefore, moreover, on the one hand etc' could have been added.
Organisation 2

There is a range of relevant vocabulary but this is not always used correctly:'... end up hote each other ..

The language is generally accurate but there are a few errors:

Language 2 'the doctors find and erosing', 'process hos completed' however they do not prevent the reader
from understanding the writer's intention.

r
TEST2IPART2 euEsrtoN 4 - PRoPoSAL MARK: 3
The oim of this proPosol is to outline what should 6e oflered by our new coreer service ond how it should be run.

Opening times
First of oll, I think it is imPortont to choose which hours would be open corefully. ff it is open when people connot
use it this is not helpful for onyone. The students who use it will 6e free to visit ot the lunchtima hours ond also
sfter classes in the evening. These times it should be open.

Whot it shoqld offer

It offer certoin things to help the students inform. fnformction must be provided on higher educotion op-
should
Portunities. Also ii should inform obout psrt fime ond temporory work opportunities. This is inportont becouse
nof sll the people wont the some thing.

Secondly, we should hove seminors by peopla who ore following differenl coreers so thot they con tell students
whot this is like. This will help students to moke their decision.

Finally, we should olso provide o job notice boqrd whera componies con cdvertise obouf their jobs. This will help
the students ond the componies both to find whot they look for.

I think if you follow these suggestions it will be o vzry helpful coreer service.

r Content r Organisation:
The pROpOSAL must: Cleady organised into parraphs, possibly with headings.
. State what service this new career office could offer. r Language:
. How it could be run. Language of description, recommendation and persuasion.
. the target reader should be informed
r Registen Formal language.

Examiner comments:

Subscale Mark Commentary

All content is relevant to the task and the target reader is fully informed: 'l think it is importont to choose
Content 3 which hours would be open carefully' 'lnformotion must be provided on higher educotion opportunities'

Communicative Formal language is used which is appropriate for the task. Clear paragraphing helps to hold the target
3 reader's attention and address the points required for the task.
Achievement
Well-organised, making use of headings. The ideas are clearly introduced with effective use of cohesive
Organisation 4 devices: 'First of all,' 'Secondly,' etc.

Uses a range of vocabulary and simple and complex grammatical forms correctly.
There are a few non-impeding errors, e.g. " to help the students inform ...".
Language 3
TEST2IPART2 euEsrroN 4- PRoPoSAL MARK: 2
Deor Jcckie Sondown,

We have received funding to sef up o new coreers service. My proposol is os to whqt the service could offer and
how it could be run. The opening hour should be lunchtime ond fill 8 pm because this is when fhe students arefree
to visit the new office.

It should provide for the students mony higher education informotion ond olso port-time ond temporary work
oPPortunities. These ore oll very good opportunities for students ond they will be veny interested in the information.
It will slso be very good for them lo see seminors ond tolks obout people in dilferznt coreers. Thay will leorn about
Ihe diflerent coreers snd have on interesting time learning obout thot. In oddition, if would be odvontogeous for us
to moke job notice boards ihot companies con be used fo adveriise on obout the jobs they wcnf someone to do.
Student con come ond reod this ond be helped to find o good job while the companies are helped becouse they find
the studenfs.

fn conclusion I think you will have avery nice careers service. The students will be helped so much by this service
and thay will oppreciote it so much. You should follow my proposol and everyone will be very glod.
I hope to heor from you very soon.

Sincerely,

The target reader(s) for a Proposal is (are) usually an employer/superior,

college principal or a specific group of people (work colleagues etc.).
The aim of the proposal is to present some suggestions and support them
with facts, in order to persuade the reader to do something and it should
be clearly organised with headings. Candidates are expected to make rec-
ommendations and suggestions using formal language.

Examiner comments:
Subscale Mark Commentary
All points addressed, but there is little expansion. There is considerable borrowing from the prompt. The
Content 2 target reader would be informed, however there would be a rather negative effect.

Communicative Ioo informal; requires formal register: ' You should follow my proposol and everyone will be very glod.'
2
Achievement
Some cohesive devices used, but the first paragraph is too long and it contains different ideas.
Organisation 3 Letter form is not correct for a proposal.

A rather limited range with notable repetition.

There are a number grammatical and syntactical errors:
Language 2 'My proposal is os to ...' 'They should work both for' ' ... componies con be used to advertise' .

Iil
TEST 3 - PART 2 euEsrtoN 2 - REpoRr MARK: 3
fnhoduclion
The purpose of this report is to evoluate the eftect of the shopping centte on the environment ond community.

Positive Points
Oversll, there seem fo be hony positive points for the community. The shopping cenl?e is well monaged ond in good
condition. It providas voluoble employment ond troining for locol people. In oddition it looks sttroctive with good
londscoped grounds. Finolly, becouse ex'frs trees were plonted it impnoved the locol environmenf.

Negative Points
On the other hond, there ore some negalive eflects of the moll. There is o lot of litter that ie coming from the
shopping centre ond it's very hord to find ponking spoce in the oreo since there ore a loi of people visiting the shops
ond the restourqnts of the mall. Thera is olso o lot of noise lote ct night, which is bothering the residants, and
mokes il difficult to get some sleep. Other negctives is thot smoll shops ond restouronts might lose their customers
who will probably decide to gotothe new shops thot cre in the shopping centre.

Recommendotions
There ore sone chonges that would benefit all. There should be noise limits ofier 10pm, ond perhops the complex
should hire people to cleon the orea orounf'fhe centre. The grounds should ba lit at night, fo improve sofety, and
also a car pork should be built in the ares,

Conclusion
Overoll, this complex hos been o positive addition to the community, in spite of some problems. If these problems
with noise. porking ond litier ore addressed, things will be much better.

r Content r Register: Formal language.

The REPORT must: r Organisation:
. state both the positive and the negative aspects Clearly organised into paragraphs with appropriate
of the shopping centre linking devices. Headings should be included.
. state what effect the shopping centre might have r Language: Language of description and recommendation.
on the local environment and the community
. make some suggestions as to how the more
negative aspects could be improved

Examiner comments:
Subscale Mark Commentary
All content is relevant to the task and the target reader is fully informed: e.g. the positive and the negative
Content 3 aspects of the shopping centre: 'Overall, there seem to be mony positive points for the community.'

The register is consistently formal appropriate for the task:

Comm un icative 'Overall, there seem to be many positive points for the community.'
3
Achievement
The text is well organised and coherent, and uses a variety of cohesive devices paragraPh headings:
Organisation 4 'On the other hond, there ore ...'

Acceptable, though rather limited range of structures. Generally accurate, with some awkwardness of
language: ' good londscoped grounds' 'mokes it difficult to get some s/eep'.
Language 3
TEST3.PART2 euEsrroN 2- REPoRT MARK: 2
The shopping cenfre hos mdny effecis on ihe environmenf ond cohmunity. The purpose of this report is to tell
the positive points cnd lhe negative points of the shopping centre.

Ihere ore a number of positive points. The cen'lre is in good condifion, ond the londscope hos been node very
well. Mony extta frees hove plcnted to irnprove the environhent. If is like o beautiful pork oround the buildings.
ft provides employment ond fraining for local people ond this is a greot deol beneficial. There ore no problems
with management as it is very well monogad.

The following ore the negolive points. There is litter oround the buildings. The shopping centre is noisy lote ot
night and this is dnnoying all the people. On the other hond it geis very crowded.

There should be a ploce for cors. Theys should olso increose the sofety issue. If you do these things, it will be
o better shopping centre lor fhe environmant ond the community.

The target reader(s) for a Report is (are) usually an employer/superior,

a college principal or a specific group of people (work colleagues etc.).
The purpose of the report is to assess the present situation objectively
looking at both the good and bad points, and make some suggestions on
how to improve the situation. Candidates are expected to use formal
language and follow the writing conventions of a report, with the use of
headi ngs where appropriate.

Examiner comments:
Subscale Mark Commentarf
Most points addressed, but the meaning is not very clear.
Content 3 The target reader would be partially informed.

The register is consistently formal but the there is lack of linking words that confuses the target reader.
Communicative
2
Achievement
The text is organised into paragraphs, but there are no headings and cohesive devices, There are a lot of
short sentences with very basic grammar structures:
Organisation 2 'There should be a ploce for cars. Theys should also increase the sofety issue.'

Simple basic structures. There are a number of errors:

Language 2 'trees have planted' ,'o greot deal beneficial'

IT
 TEST 1 Fart 5 ,

31. The correct answer is C. Paragraph2. "some people may not knowtheir
accounts have been raided". ldentity theft is " far ahead of mugging" s0 it's
Reading and Use of English Justifications not A, lt costtl.7bn in the UK but how serious it is compared to the US is
Part 2
not stated so B. is not right D is wrong because it's in order "to keep their
9. Both each and every are used with singular nouns, where it is implied
crime profile l0w" that thieves do not empty an account.
that an action will happen more than 0nce 0r be repeated. "Each breath you
32. The correct answer is D. Paragraph 3. Glen Hastings says it's easy, you
take" - because you take repeated breaths.
only need to be able to read and write. lt's not A because computer skills
10. in lact/ in short : linking words used in orderto illustrate/ sum-
help butthey are not'essential'. Banks lend to people with "excellent credit
marise a point.
records" so B. is wrong. D. is wrong because he never repaid the m0ney,
11. exactly/ precisely : adverbs ol manner; usually their position is after
33. The correct answer rs B. Paragraph 3. he re-morlgaged "the properly {or
the verb or after the verb + object.
f210,000, which he then took out of the country". lt's notA. because rent
12, could / should : modal verbs; express suggestion i possibility / speculation
was paid in advance". Re-moftgaging a propefty means getting a loan,
13. gelling / doing : preSeflt parliciples that replace a first -conditional
using the property as collateral so C. is wrong. D. is wrong because he
sentence. (if we do it right ...)
used the teacher's identity to 'get a loan'.
14. we use some with countable plural nouns in the affirmative [whereas
34. The correct answer is A. Paragraph 6. because "she felt'stunned',
any is also used with countable plural nouns but in interrogative 0r nega-
upset and violated" and not angry 0r ill so it can't be B. or C. As an actress
tive clausesl.
she takes 'other people's identities' but she wasn't play-acting and "burst
15. actually lreally: adverbs used as linking words to express reality.
into tears" so it's not
16. miss out on (idiom) : to lose the chance to do somethingi get some-
D.

35. The correct answer is D. Paragraph 6. 'concealed gadgetry' was used to

thing i achieve something e.g. missed out on the promotion.
"steal her pin and clone her card". lt's not A. as her card was copied. lt's

Part 3 not B because they used it to test the limit and waited until after midnight to

Verbs Nouns Adj ect ives Adverbs

use it again. The building society cancelled her card but we don't know if all
the money was taken so it's not
L7 . vary variety various variously
C.

36. The correct answer is B. Paragraph B, the credit card company was
variation variant varyingly
vigilant by checking the use of her card lt's not D. because the finance
variant variable invariably
c0mpany can 'detect' not 'solve ' these cases. A. is obviously wrong and
varier varied
the factthat people themselves can detect card fraud makes C. incorrect,
varying
18. increase increase increasable increasingly Part 6
increaser increasing
37. The correct answer is B. Reviewer A says, 'Then I looked at the painting
19. f ind f inding f indable
next to it, which also showed Matisse's inherent ability to depict form and
fi nde r unf indable
colour, with stupendous results.' Reviewer C says, '...t0 create the colourJul
f ind
and seemingly insouciant paintings...' 'Today it seerns clearer than ever that
20. absorb absorption absorbent absorbingly
Matisse was, first and foremost, a supreme colourist. His use of pinks and
absorbability absorbing absorbedly
purples, clarets, 0ranges and crimsons, is more surprising and electric...'
absorber absorbable
Reviewer D says, 'Ravishing c0l0urs...'
absorbent unabsorbable
2t. measure measurement measurable measurably 38. The correct answer is A. '...which also showed Matisse's inherent abil-
measure ity to depict form and colour, with stupendous results,'

measurer 39. The correct answer is D. '...he revisited the same sublects over and
22. - world worldwide worldwide over, and he often used completed canvases as models for later ones.' 'He
worldliness worldly used photographs of his own paintings to judge whether he was making
23. believe be lief believable believably pr0gress...'
believability unbelievable unbelievably 40. The correct answer is C. 'Even when you c0mpare him to that other
believer believing 2Oth-century giant Picasso, Matisse wins the colour wars hands down
believing (even Picasso admitted it, once).'
believableness
24. - problem problematic problematically Parl 7
which introduces the Mar-
41. The correct choice is F, a general paragraph,

Part 4 maray Rail Tunnel Project, the 'audacious engineering project' referred to in

25. in the habit ol (expression) : if you are in the habit of doing some- the last sentence of the previous paragraph. Paragraph F. also discusses the

thing, you do it regularly or often. associated potential earthquake problem and, as the {ollowing paragraph does

26. have a good chance of (expression) : there is strong likelihood / pos- not referto geological problems, this rules out paragraphs A, C, E, and G.

sibility of doing something or of something happening 42. The correct choice is B. lstanbul is divided between Europe and Asia by

27. it goes without saying (expression) : something is so obvious that it the Bosphorus Strait and Paragraph B. refers to two road bridges crossing the

need not be said. strait. Paragraph B. also refers to the Sultan's suggestion, and in the following

28. something slrikes somebody as :

has an emotional or cognitive im-
paragraph the dream is becoming a reality.

pact upon them e.g. "This behavior struck me as odd". 43. The correct answer is D. as the last sentence in the previous paragraph

29. slruggle + lull infinitive. Let alone : much less, not to mention. refersto'traffic hell'and in paragraph D we read about "braving gridlock'and
30. such + verb to be + noun + that clause : inverled clause of result,
'two overcrowded road bridges'. The last sentence of paragraph D. talks about
an 'upgraded rail service' and the first sentence of the next paragraph continues
used for emphasis.
this theme, also ruling out paragraphs A, C, E and G. : side pubs, plus suogested routes and specilic
points 0l interest."

44. The correct choice is G, as the previous paragraph describes the process : 12. "We're keen to encourage both experienced and inexperienced anglers
of building the tunnel and paragraph G explains that although it (building the ionto the well-stocked canal network and reseru0il$.''
tunnel) 'might sound straightforward', there is a problem with a geological i 13. "Rod licences are obligatory, and can be obtained lrom your local post
faultline kn0wn as the NAF. The lollowing paragraph describes the NAF so this ioffice."
rutes out E, which talks about designing tunnels lo withstand earthquakes. i 14. "We can all share the delights of the canal system so please be consid-
45. The correct answer is A. because we read lhat "earthquakes along the i elate to other users."
NAF are common" and the next paragraph continues the theme, referfng to part 3
:
earthquakes 'along the NAF as setting up a larger one. : ::: D - "All of the people I admire in showbiz are very' very sma 0uite a
46. The correct ch0ice is c. oecause it reters to an earttrquare strir<ing rstanout i ]5
i lot ol them have been t0 university and benelited from it "
and the to owino paragrapn otscusses rne prrJoiri }, riiilr n.pprr]rg.
" i 10. A - "Doing my BA is really helping me to structure my thoughts. lt's iust
Part 8 i helpeO me organise my thoughts a bit better..."
47.D. "Get into the festival spirit by trying out kayaking, water polo and itZ. A - "... if we can make people laugh in between it softens the blow and
a variety of other water sports for free". i cushions the effect of the harder stuff we show."
48. A. "The festival kicks off on May Day in Sydney Street with the itg. 0 - "...a drip of water can erode a rock and lthink Comic Relief is be-
"Children's Classics" parade of 4,000 children". i coming a strong and mighty drip. We've got to keep going until the rock dis-
49. E. "The images all illustrate life in the city of London". i solves and it will dissolve but it's going to take a long time, so people have
50. C. "there will also be a "proms in the park" an open air cinema" ito stay committed."
51. D. "there will also be unarmed combat displays by the Royal Marines" :19. C - "1 wentto a place called Debre Zeitwhere lwatched this wonderful
52. A. "it's a good chance to pick up a potential masterpiece" i care worker called Fanti visiting various people who were suffering from
53. F. "a concerl given by Mercury music Prize 2000 nominee Nitin i HlV. Even though these people were in immense pain, there was a lot of dig-
, Sawhney" i nity involved."
54. B. "special storytelling afternoons for children by some of Britain's : 20. A - "l'd like to write something 0n my own that I feel was [is] a good
leading authors" i piece of work, and the only way I'm going to do that is if I have confidence
55. E. "a performance by Ladysmith black Mombazo al St. Paul's Cathedral" i and faith in my own ability."
56. B. "with human mannequin window displays at Jarrod's department store".
i Part 4
Listening Justif ications iTask One
Part I i21.D - "other institutions" - indicates it is a big organization and not a vet.

EXTRACT I. i "We are protecting different species for future generations to enjoy", and
1. C - He was ill but didn't die. Jane says the writer had been seriously ill. ithis is the work of a zoo,

Bill agrees; "...it was touch and go for a while". This means he almost i22. - Speaker 2 now lives in "sheltered housing" which provides help for
C

didn't survive. iold or disabled people. "l'd be tempted notto leave the house at all some
2. B - "l've seen quite few of his plays and this one was completely differ- i days ...." means that the speaker does not work. "He keeps me young at

ent...." and "He really seems to be a different characterto when he first iheart.." indicates the speaker is not physically young. Could also be G, but
stafied to write". Ittris is not the best choice because no mention is made of the dog guiding
EXTRACT 2 ithe man.
3. B - Pablo says stores of the same group seemed to attract each other, i Za. e - the speaker's "life would be totally different" without the animal and
while stores from different groups repelled each other, i "We couldn't do without each other" indicate the person is dependent on the
4. C - Pablo goes 0n to say that during a two-year period they tested his i animal in some way. "She's doing a j0b" indicates that the animal is proba-
guide dog, and the speaker blind.
theory and it was found to be correct. The Lyon Chamber of Commerce is even i nty a
using the modelto help entrepreneurs identify promising new premises. iZ4,. n- "l have one patientthat is seriously allergic to her d09...." indicates
i the speaker is a doctor.
EXTRACT 3
- " people may not approve of what I do or
5. C - Costa de la Cruz has been nicknamed 'the Spanish Algarve' as it's in : 25. B The speaker says Some
close proximity to Portugal. ithey may wonder how I can be so brave" and we also learn that the speaker

6. B - "...more homes will be built soon" however "the government is being i is involved in "a show". A circus is the only show there to choose, and

careful to preserve the natural beauty and character of the place". i could indeed be controversial and dangerous.

Part 2 iTask Two

7. "The majority of the canal system was built without the benefits of mod- , ZO. C - "We're doing some wonderiul things in the way of conservation and
ern technology or public finance." i *rurc linked up with satellites and with other institutions worldwide to keep

8. "From 1790 to 1929 a large number of competing, independently owned i track of certain species. The value of this work cannot be underestimated."

canals were constructed, their waterways not uniform in size and often un- i.zt.H
- "1'd betempted notto leavethe house atall some days" and "0n
ithe whole, I prefer my own company".
able to carry the larger vessels from other sections."
i Zg. e - "What we could do without is people on the street coming up to us
9. "Through a series of takeovers, the various companies eventually amal-
gamated and created a 'union' of canals which could form a conlinuous i and causing a distracti0n" and "people don't stop to think". Choice A is not

link between Birmingham, London and other important industrial areas," i correct because it is too strong; the speaker "can understand why it happens".

10. "Natural habitats are numerous as a result of cleaner waters and the : 29. F - "l have one patient who is seriously allergic to her dog but she in-

declining industrial traffic. The hedgerows and canal banks have proved an i sists on keeping it. Now that to me doesn't make any sense at all."
ideal location for a number of diverse species to thrive in this tranquil and i gO. g - "lt's to do with years of training and experience and knowing what
i you are doing. There's no ro0m for error in this job."
often unique environment. "
11. "Each waterway office can supply information on circular walks, water- i
 TEST 2 i
:
buy' (conditional without if). "ln case" basically means "if it should happen
that / in the event that".
Reading and Use of English Justif ications i 30. idiomatic expressions: make no dillerence to sb = doesn't have an ef-
Part 2 fect on or matter to them, keep in touch : t0 c0mmunicate with someone
f. iusl :
i
adverb (in this case it means'a little'or'slightly'). "just over i regularly.
[slightly more than]". :

10" those refers to a plural noun [one to which reference has already been
i
Part 5
i

graduated.
madel, in this case to the nurses who had just
i
31. The correct answer is B. paragraph 1. "He's still scarred and the inci-

- say that sb / sth is

11. blame sb / sth for sth else (prepositional word) :
dent had a lasting impact 0n me". D. is clearly wr0ng. lt's not C. because
she knew she "had to fetch a bucket 0f water" but shock prevented it. lt's
the cause of an outcome. When someone is apportioned blame [given :

blame] for something the preposition 'for' people not A. because she blames herself for doing nothing, not for 'causing the
always follows. Lots of :

were "blaming recruitment freezes.... for their difficulties". ln other words; accident'.
i
the people believed recruitment freezes caused their difficulties. 32. The correct answer is C. Paragraph 1. "l stafted studying medicine but I

:
never really got into it". lt's not A. or D. because she had given up the
12. because / as / since are all linking words which express cause so they i

introduce a clause of reason. course before she decided to get married. B. is incorrect because, while the

13. wasle of money = bad / poor money.

use of
i

:
course wasn't what she expected, we don't know if it was demanding.

14. right = adverb ol manner; immediately / just. 33, The correct answer is D" Paragraph 4. "but backthen, nature also sup-

15. unless : (if not) zero conditional if + simple present - simple present
i
ported us 0n a practical level". C. is wrong, as she cried because she could-
:

(general act).
f
:
n't cope. B. is incorrect (Paragraph 3) because we only know she was "on
yet/but = her own" as a single parent. A. is incorrect because she had to bring up
16. linking words expressing contrast. Whoseturns it into a rel- i

ative clause three young children "with very little money".

i
: 34. The correct answer is B. Paragraph 5. "l had faith in it because my par-

Part 3 i
ents had used it". Her parents used it ratherthan 'had a homeopathy clinic',

Verbs Nouns Adjectives Adverbs :

which means C. is incorrect. D is wrong because, although "homeopathy
L7. fail failure infallible infallibly :
wasn't so widely accepted" it doesn't say how people felt about it. A. is
wrong because we don't know what the career prospects were.
18. convince conviction convincible convincedly :
35. The correct answer is A. ParagraphT. "l was totally out of my depth in
convincibility convincing convincingly
i
the beginning", which also rules out B. lt's not C. as she lacked business
convincement unconvincing unconvincingly i
skills and had to teach herself 'the basics'. We know she received a huge
convincer i
19. enthuse enthusiasm enthusiastic enthusiastically :
rates bill but we don't know i{ she could afford it or not so D is incorrect.

enthusiast unenthusiastic unenthusiastically 36, The correctansweris C. paragraph 9. "l've learned you haveto acceptthe
i

2A, please pleasure pleasant pleasantly :

negative things in life and use them to move on". This means she is not'insecure

displeasure pleased displeasingly and negative' s0 B. is incorrect. D. is obviously wrong and the fact she had "n0
i
pleaser pleasing idea how to run a business back then" Paragraph 7, means A. is not correct.
i
pleasurability pleasurable
pleasingness displeasing
Part 6 i

i
37. The correct answer is A, as reviewers B, C and D all make comparisons
displeased i
pleasuref ul between the King's speech and other films. Reviewer B, compares it to 'Rocky
i
pleas lessu re
with dysfunctional royalty. Good Will Hunting set amongst the staid pageantry and
i
fussy social mores of the late 30s. A film that will play and play. A prequel to The
2L. comprehend comprehension incomprehensible comprehensibly i
comprehensiveness c0tTpt0hendible comprehendingly i 0ueen.' Reviewer C states that the themes of the King's Speech, are 'the subjects
incomprehensible comprehensively in fact of such enduringly popular movies as Casablanca', whilst Reviewer D,
i
comprehensive i
states that 'King George V1 (Colin Fifth) found his own Dr. Strangelove in Lionel

22. conf use conf usion conf used conf usingly

i
Logue (Geoffrey Rush).. '

conf usability conf using conf usably 38, The conect answer is B. 'Where lies its success? Let's stafi with the script, by
i
conf usable conf usedly playwright David Seidler, a model for transforming history into an approachable
:

23. end end endless endlessly i

blend of drama and wit. For a film about being horrendously tonguetied, Seidler's
ending unending unendingly :
words are exquisitely measured, his insight as deep as it is softly spoken.'
24. suspect suspect suspicious suspiciously 39. The correct answer is B. 'Tom Hooper's The King's Speech, looked n0 more
suspicion i

:
than a well-spoken costume drama, optimistically promoted for Sunday teatime...
suspiciousness But for all its pageantry, it isn't a film of grandiose pretensions. Much better than
:
:
that, it is an honestto-goodness crowd pleaser.'
Part 4 40. The conect answer is A. 'History and film buffs will delight in Seidler's the
25. have an / (no) intention of doing something (expression) : plan on :
King's Speech. lts strong historical context might deter those not falling withing
(not plan on) doing something. :
these two categories, however.'
26. The verb congratulate has the following syntax: congratulate someone :

on doing slh. Part 7

27. gel away (phrasal verb) : osc?po. :
41. The correct choice is Paragraph G because the last sentence of the pre-
28. The verb apologise is followed by the preposition lor, and the latter by a i vious paragraph talks about accountability of airport staff and areas of control
gerund. lt could also be followed by a perfect gerund (having turned). ln
and in Paragraph G, 'we put our lives' in the hands of airline staff, pafiicularly
i

both cases we apologise lor somelhing lhat has already happened belore i pilots. Paragraph B, which refers to'delays at check-in', might be considered
we ofler the apology. ;
because the first paragraph refers to'recent security changes'; however, we
29. in case + third person singular + past simple 'want' + inlinitive 'to :
realise someone is speaking, "l appreciate that", and nobody was introduced

a
in lhe first paragraph. Paragraphs D and E can be excluded for the same reason : Pa rt 2
as B i7. from a family ol six children from a council
"lvly background is
42. The correct choice is Paragraph which introduces Kate Nodh who says : estate."
F,

flying is "not all terrifying" refening to the previous paragraph, the theme ot :8. "l was interested in probation work but having lelt school with litfle
which is pilob and security. The lollowing paragraph begins with "North lrom : in the way of qualifications, I never thought I could do it.',
Cambridge", she's a pilol with KLI\4. and we know her lirst name lrom Para- 9. "l was a volunteer for the St. John's Ambutance Service, the pro-
!
graph F ibation Service and at a residential children's school."
43. The c0rrect choice is Paragraph D. lt describes how North became a pilot i 19. "Time management is the most important skill, especially the need
with KLM and in the previous paragraph she explains how it became her am- ito prioritise deadlines....."
bition. ln the next paragraph she discusses the advantages and disadvantages ! 11. "There is a lot ol oneto-one work with offenders and this requires you
of being a pilol, which rules out paragraph E, which is about cabin crew.
i to work throuoh both y0ur own and their emotional barliels."
44. The correct choice is Paragraph A. because the topic is the cost of pilot i 12. "0f a working week, about three days are spent in the oflice with the re-
training and the following paragraph continues the theme that competition for j rn2;ndsr split between prison and being ln cou ."
places in llight school is 'fierce' - "despite the cost ol training". : 13. "The worst thing is that the iob is generally very Flessured and there are
45. The c0rrect choice is Paragraph C, which discusses the various courses. ;times when you have to engage with people that have committed crimes
ln the previous paragraph, RAF training and undergraduate pay are discussed ithat involve domeslic violence."
and in Paragraph C, we read about various world-recognised flight training ; 14. "l liaise with the courts which is basically providing guidance on the
courses in Brunel ljniversity and oxford Aviation Training School. : best sentence for people to be given."
46. The correct choice is Paragraph E as the previous paragraph introduces I
Zoe Goldspink and describes hertraining and iob as cabin crew. lt's not B be- : Part 3
cause the person speaking says " l never fly anywhere unless I really have to". : 15. B - "Despite girls consistently outperforming boys at GCSE, A level and
within three vears of sraduatins women are stirl
parr 8 i3r1Xfrl il:irxx'lo,H'that
47.C. "Andthenyou reallyfeel old as their children come along" !16. A - "Th, gourrnrent's response in schoots is being praised by most,
48. E. "sometimes they are a bit resentful......We are trained to deal with such i 2n6 iny6lyg5 introducing new schemes to give young girls [a] better under-
issues though and have techniques to help us win the trust of the children" : standing 0f the wider choice of careers available to them, butlhere is still
49. F. "l think that you get what you give and i'f I give people a cheery g00d : room lor improvement."
mornino they are going to respond in a positive way towards me" ; 17. D - "This policy will only reduce the available 'woman-power' in these
50. B. "Exam results time, now that's an emotional one' i lower paid iobs. What we have to do is revalue the kind 0t work that women
51. A. "Now she tries to claim commission on the royalties ol every book I j 3rc 6s1ng su.h as cleaning, catering and caring for others - we've got to
have published" ivalue it more highly."
52. D. "l sometimes wonder if l've missed out on the traditional way of lifb" i 19. g -'[4others who returned to their previous jobs as part-timers quickly
53. B. "l've had a {ew close encounlers with a canine jaw or two but no
i fell behind their male colleaoues financially, and those that entered new jobs
:
actual bites" : on a part{ime basis did even worse."
54. C. "lt's not a job for the fainthearted that's for sure" 119. A - "Currently many companies still conform to'stuffed shirt' policies
55. A. "l don't remember a time I didn't write but I never had aspirations to ithat have no openings for parttime workers in senior positions. This is forc-
earn a living from it" i ing a large workforce of highly skilled and qualified women with young chil-
56. F. "others have a thing about buses and feel obliged to overtake them i dren out of the boardroom, because they cannot deliver a 4O-plus-hour
at all costs and in any situation, whether it is safe 0r not" i week, and into jobs below their capabilities."
; ZO. C - "The whole system still needs further reform if women are to have
Listeni ng Justif ications i equal rights in the workplace and be able to bring up a family too."
Part L :

EXTRACT 1 i Part 4
1. B - His colleague's complaints have created avery negative atmosphere. iTask One
The man's tried to speak to his colleague about it but now his colleague just :21.F - "We are the people that actually organise and lay out all the facts and
thinks he's trying to be the boss' favourite. i figures coherently. They wouldn't even remember half of what was said if we
2. A - She says "l do suspect you've gone about trying to solve it in a way i didn't record it for them." These are secretarial duties.
that cast y0u ,.,. as a bit of a self-important bore. Why don't two or three of i22.8 - The speaker is "the new person", "kind of on the lowest rung on the
you put your complaints to your boss in a fair and constructive way?" i ladder" and is not yet qualified, which would describe an apprentice.
EXTRACT 2 i Zg. 0 - "l run a tight ship and the secret is not to allow time wasting." This
3. C - Janet says "l'm glad you persuaded me to go to the recruitment fair. i statement indicates the speaker is managing others.
'lt was nothing like I thought it would be". i24.H - "l still maintain a routine in my life", "The working environment is so
4. B - One ol the employees Paul spoke to there passed on his CV to the i different from my day" and "l escaped the technological rat-race just in
marketing and business development manager and a week later he was in- i time" all indicate that the speaker is no longer working.
vited for an interview. i ZS. n - "l have to deal with everyone in the company to some extent" and
EXTRACT 3 i "Being the first face they see, I try to be cheerful even if l'm not feeling on
5. C. "... it's a career where you can achieve prom0ti0n very quickly". i top form" both describe the job of a receptionist who must greet people at

6. A - The woman says "yor.r've got to be out of your mind to want to work i the door.
with dangerous people like that, plus I wouldn't have the courage to face vi-
olent criminals". iTask Two
i ZO. O - "l suppose I could earn a small fortune blackmailing the many
i bosses I've had over.the years."
27. G - "One thing l've learned quickly is never offer to make coffee. ln
many businesses there is a ritual where everyone waits hours for the first
person to say, "Who wants coffee?" That person then finds themselves
the kitchen for the rest of the day working as a junior catering manager.
should know, it happened to me when I first started here. Being the new per-
son leaves you vulnerable, especially as l'm kind of on the lowest rung 0n
the ladder."
28. A - "The only reason people have so many meetings is that they are the
one time you can get away from your work, your phone or your customers."
29. H - " l believe that the best way to approach work is to write a rist at the
: Part 4
j 25. When the verbs believe, consider, expect, know, say, suppose and their
in i syn0nyms, like the verb repule in this particular case, are used in the pas-
I i sive lorm, they are then followed by to + inlinitive
i 26. The change of word class (from verb to noun phrase) is a common
: technique to paraphrase a sentence / take sb by surprise (idiomatic ex-:
i pression) surprise sb.
i 27. when something is of the utmost importance, it is extremely important.
j "of the utmost importance" is normally followed by a that-clause and the
subjunctive.
:

end of each day of what has to be achieved the next day. Then, get the most i 28. we use inversion in the beginning of the sentence with pafticular adver-
important jobs done first." :
bial expressions such as : under no circumstances, 0n n0 account / oc-
30. C - "People at the bottom are also easily upset, Helping them do their casion, in no way etc. lnversion is used for emphasis.
:
job is only going to be appreciated if you are the undisputed master of what i 29. we use inversion with particular words and expressions such as onry
they are trying to do." i
after, only when, not until etc.

TEST 3 i
i
30. be in the mood for (doing) sth (idiom)

Part 5
= w?ht to do / experience sth

Reading and Use of English Justifications

Part 2 i

i
31.The correct answer is D. Paragraph i. "Hey Tracey, let's climb a moun-
tain" and "the idea was firmly planted" in their minds. A. and B. are obvi-
9. [to be] taken with sth / sb = attracted to or impressed by (phrasar verb) i

sth / sb. i
ously wrong. Tracey's domestic circumstances may make the 'idea' sound
'unrealistic' but the 'decision' was impulsive so C. is incorrect.
10. such as is used for inlroducing examples (Rome, Venice and Milan)
i
32. The correct answer is B. Paragraph 2. "our first hurdle was raising
11. behind = adverb ol place. To lag behind sth / sb is a phrasar verb i
which means to lail lo achieve as much as sth / sb, or to not have pro-
t3,000 each.....- organising a ballfor 150 people, going carol singing and
i
running a school disco". C. is clearly wrong. Although they went carol
gressed as quickly and as far as sth / sb. :
singing, we don't know about joining a choir, so D can't be chosen. Tracey
12. Although / While are linking words expressing contrast i
was three stone ovenrueight and hired a personal trainer but we're not told
13. thanks to / due to are linking words expressing cause and therefore, i
about having to be a specific weight so A. is incorrect.
they introduce a reason clause.
33. The correct answer is C. Paragraph 3. "ln fact, we were the practical
14. the previous sentence mentions the area's "several selling points". This i
ones" and "Siobhan became like a mother hen". A. B. and D. are not cor-
sentence goes 0n to describe the first of those selling points. i
rect as "the age gap didn't matter".
15. only/iust = adverb (here used to emphasise how small something is -i
34. The correct answer is B. Paragraph 5. "after six hours I passed out.
in this case the distance between the village of San Donato and the beach).
I

:
had altitude sickness really badly and a porter had to lead me back down"
16. Few is used with countable nouns, whereas little is used with uncount- i
and "l was crying because lhadn't made it".. This means A. can't be right.
ables. Also, the difference between few and a few is that lew has a negative i
D is obviously wrong. She was 'emotional' as Siobhan came back so C. is
meaning(= not many) while a few has a positive one, meaning some. :
incorrect.
35. The correct answer is A. Paragraph 5. "Even though I hadn't made it to
Part 3
the top, I didn'tfeel like I'd failed. I realised l'd achieved something", which
Verbs Nouns Adjectives Adverbs means C. is not correct. B. is not correct as she wanted to welcome Siob-
L7- - spectacle spectacular spectacularly
han back. She makes n0 comment about the experience so D. is not conect.
18, except exception exceptional exceptionally
36, The correct answer is C. Paragraph 6. "lt made me realise you don't
19. favour favour favourable favourably
have to put up with situations - you do have a choice. There are infinite op-
favouritism favourite favouringly
portunities out there....l feel now that l'm really living", all inspirational language.
favourer favouring
unfavourable
Part 6
20. forget forgetfulness unforgettable unforgettably
37.The correct answer is D. 'Minor resemblances between this novel by lan
forgetful
McEwan and Henry James's What Maisie Knew have already been noticed
forgetter forgettable forgetfully
and are of some interest.'
2L. - reality reat really
38.The correct answer is A. 'The opening is almost perversely ungripping.
realistic realistically
lnstead of the expected sharpness of focus, the first 70 or so pages are a
unrealistic unrealistically
lengthy summary of shifting impressions.'
22. rely reliance unreliable reliably
39.The correct answer is D. 'McEwan's new novel, which strikes me as
reliability reliable unreliably
easily his finest..,'
reliant
40.The correct answer is B. 'As in so many earlier McEwan novels, this
23, comfort comfort uncomfortable comfortably
shocking event will expose psychological fault lines running through his
discomfort comforting uncomfortably
characters' lives and force them to confront a series of moral choices.'
comfortlessness comfortless comfortingly

Part 7
24. tegatise resarism resar ;';lill'"''u 41. The correct choice is Paragraph C because the last sentence of the previ-
legality illegal illegally
ous paragraph talks about a landscape and the opening sentence of Paragraph
legacy
C continues the description of the same landscape. ".... Above us hang the
legalisation
purple flowers of jacaranda trees."
42. The correct choice is Paragraph F because it comes as an answer t0 the : buying abroad ..."
question ofthe previous paragraph: "But what is it that draws people to cities :9. "A bettel climate remains the main reason, with more than half 0f the
like bees to pollen?" i nearly 2,000 people questioned giving that as their principal reason lor buy
43. The correct choice is Paragraph D. The last sentence ot the paragraph: i ing overseas."
'... the natural harbour that Alexander the Great saw in 331 8.C. " reters to the : 10. "... while the lof,r intelest rale environment has allowed other prospec.
halbour which is also mentioned in the following paragraphi "... currents run- jtive property purchasers to take advantage of relatively cheap borrowing."
ning west to east would keep the port navigable ..." i11. "Despite the increased interest in eastern European countries, they still
44. The correct choice is Paragraph A. The paragraph that comes after para- : remain a target lor a mino ty, with only 7 per cent choosjng such destina-
graph A refers to the lighthouse: "ln the 14th century it (the tighthouse) col- ;tions."
lapsed during an earthquake..." which is also mentioned in the last part ot : 12. People like Bulgaria because it ...... b0asts the cheapesl property prices
paraoraph A: "Fires, rellected in mirrors on top o{ the lighthouse ..." i in Errope. "
45. The correct choice is Paragraph E. The paragraph that comes after para- i 13. "Generally, it tends to work better if you want a holiday home rather than
graph E refers to Alexandria library: "A building was constructed in 3200 B.C. : an investment ....."
to house a collection of Egyptian papyrus scrolls ..." an it is also mentioned : 14. "..... a lot of people don't realise that tax and inhelitance laws are dil-
in paragraph E: "Also buried here in a site yet t0 be located is the famous jferent abroad."
Alexandria liblaly ..." :
46. The correct choice is Paragraph G. The paragraph that comes belore para- i 3 Part
graph G reters to the project of building the new Alexandria library: "The new : 15. B - "l'd already studied skating technique as demonstrated by the muf-
library, he says ..." which is also mentioned in the paragraph G: "... are co- ifled-up skaters in the paintinqs 0f Averkamp and Brueghal."
operatingwiththeEgyptiangovernmenttofinanceanew2o0-milliondollar:16-D--Wellactuallyitwasmoreskidsandtumbles,butwithabjtofprac-
Alexandria library..." i tice on the local duck pond I mastered a rough approximation of the classic
i skate pose."
Part 8 i 17. D - "Pretty much the whole country closes down while everyone takes
47. C. "people from all walks of life are coming together and forging some- ito the ice. Kids traditionally demand ice time, but then so do all the adultsl"
thing new". i f g. C - "lf you explore the frozen canals of the Netherlands you'll enter the
48. E. "The landscape is unmarred by human construction". i wonderful, romantic world of the authentic, traditional Netherlands - a c0un-
49. D. "appropriate clothing and footwear is essential". itry of hidden farmyards, lazy cattle and interesting locals who look as
50. A. "The area has been largely cleared of land mines but it's probably ithougn they are from another era."
best to stick to the main paths". i tg. n - "Never skate alone, 0r away from other skaters, and always stick to
51. D. "this expeditionstays in rural villages and homes to get a better un- : recognised routes where the ice has been checked for strength. Avoid ice
derstanding of how modern and traditional lndia strive to co-exist". i under bridges, near to factory outflows, under trees or close to locks. Fields
52. C. "many felt the change to democratic government would spell de- iflooded to make outdoor rinks provide the safest place to learn on...and for
cline. That simply hasn't happened". i goodness' sake keep warm."
53. A. "it was subsequently maintained and enlarged by many different kings". : 20. C - Conrad has a lot of knowledge about skating and provides useful in-
54. F, "three masts tower above the handsome tall ship and sails ripple i formation for the amateurs or complete novices. He seems confident about
into action as she sets off". i safety, but also realistic.
55. B. "the park's stock of large mammals had fallen by 95o/o' .

56. E. "this is an unusual and rewarding trip to a wilderness in Eur0pe". i Part 4

i Task One
Listening Justif ications i21. F - The speaker has worked at the Sydney Harbour Bridge for many
Part 1 i years and knows it very well.
EXTRACT 1 i22. A - Theirfriend questions whythey have been backto lceland so many
1. C - Bob Aldridge is aformer British Airways chief executive. j times, the friend thinks surely the speaker has recorded everything there is
2. A - "Air travellers should pay the full environmental costs of their journey i to know about the place already. 0ne could not rule out that the speaker is a
to make the industry sustainable." i casual tourist, enthusiastic in the extreme about lceland, but they are cer-
EXTRACT 2 itainly not an adventure tourist; therefore the most suitable option remaining
3. B - 'l was always extremely careful, plus it seems that believing the best iis A.
about a place and its people is often the very thing that helps keep you safe." i Zg. 0 - Speaker 3 is in Columbia, they thought they would just be sipping
4. B - "l was fascinated by the whole event so I didn't really have time to i coffee. But little did they know they would be whisked along a cable above
freak out." i the coffee plantations. They didn't go with the intention of seeking out ad-
EXTRACT 3 i venture, but they did find adventure on their holiday; therefore, the speaker
5. C - "lt's more important to me that I have images to keep that reflect my i is an adventure tourist by accident.
own personal experience of the places." iZq.H - "l had a few hours in between flying back to the UK and I thought I'd
6. A - "lf you just wanted to take snaps you would only need one of the : pop over to see the joys of Venice. My family had flown out for a few days
smaller size digital cameras." and "Yor.r don't need a big bulky film camera i and l'd met up with them while I was off duty."
these days to get a professional image." : 25. C - "l could think of nobody better qualified to teach me how to prepare
i this delicacy" and "l had another delicacy to pass on to my customers back
Part 2 i home" are clues that he is a professional chef.
7. "Around 800,000 British households now own a second home abroad,
i
up by 15 percent since June 2004, according to research published this jTask Two
week." i ZO. O - "stomach-churning views of the harbour".
8. "The boom has been fuelled by telsvision programmes about people i 27. C - I do love itthere. 0r should I strive to g0 somewhere new every time I

a
g0 away now s0 that I really broaden my horizons? We'll see. 29. shed (some) light on sth (expression) :
make sth clearer to under-
28. G - "... lwondered how safe the clips were. They assured me that stand, or provide a reason for why something has happened
everything was fine ...." 30. come to a conclusion that (expression) : conclude / decide / form the
29. H - "As soon as we disembarked, Joe stamped his foot on the pave- opinion that
ment and his younger sister looked up at me expectantly. "There you 90,
safe as h0uses." I said. They seemed reassured ..." Part 5
30. A - "How c0uld a dog find truffles buried in the ground, especially in 31.The correct answer is D. Paragraph 1. "l was really chuffed and quite
such a dense forest with so much thick vegetation on the ground?.....8ut taken aback", which means A. can't be right. She mentions she's been
my doubts were proved to be unfounded. Kiki certainly was the canine king "showered with accolades" but without any hint of arrogance, s0 B. is in-
of truff le hunting. " correct. lt's not D. as she had to 'explain to people' what it meant.
32. The correct answer is D. Paragraph 2. "At which he Just presumed I

TEST 4 meant a dress by some top fashion designer" and then when she appears in
the university gown he asks, "Where did you getthatfrom?". C. is obvi-
Reading and Use of English Justif ications ously wrong. lt's not A. as, in her opinion, he merely assumed she wanted
Part 2
to change into a dress by a top fashion designer. He may have caused of-
9. making : presenl parliciple which replaces a relative clause. fence but there's nothing to suggest it was deliberate so B. is not correct.
10. could have died : past modal which expresses possibility in the past
:

i
33. The correct answer is B. Paragraph2. "lt's n0t so much about a re-
11. without : preposition; if you cannot do something without doing some- i
gional accent, it's more a class thing". lt's not A. or C. because the point is
thing else, it means you have to do both things at the same time. ln this i people assume "your dad must have pulled a few strings" if people frorn her
case, when she thinks about her actions, she cringes at the same time. i
background attend a good university, lt's not D. as in her opinion, "You
12. Who :
it is a relative pronoun which relers to people i never know what you might miss out on if you dismiss somebody".
13. out ol (all) proportion : 0f exaggerated imporlance; of an unrealistic :
34. The correct answer is B. Paragraph 4. "l have received some cracking
impoftance or size compared to something else i
letters this week. 0ne from Africa - an ex-mercenary putting me straight".
14. ourselves is a rellexive pronoun used afterthe verb torlure for empha- i
We only know the letter "describes the whole history of the mercenaries"
sis or in order to show that the subject did something on its own. You tor- :
and the reason he wrote was to 'put her straight' so A, C. and D. can't be
ture sb; in this case the somebody is yourself; therefore, we torture
right.
ourselves.
'15. 35. The correct answer is C. Paragraph 4. "there's a timelessness about
such is used before n0un gr0ups for emphasis. 'such agony' implies it
them, where the thoughts hang in space and then you have time to deal with
caused a lot of agony 0r severe agony.
these thoughts". B. is obviously wrong and 'sophistication' is only referred
16. as il is a conjunction; 'lt's as if' means 'it appearsiseems to be the case i
to when describing the letter from the ex mercenary, so A. is not correct. D.
that'
is incorrect as her point is that letters give you time to think, "especially in
terms of an argument".
Part 3 "but not as half as big a smile as
36. The correct answer is A. Paragraph 6.
Verbs Nouns Adjectives Adverbs the letter lreceived last Friday", which invited herto accept an honorary
L7. appear appearance apparent apparently doctorate. This rules out D. lt's not B. as the apology relates to her not re-
disappear disappearance unapparent ceiving a previous letter. She's amused because the cat's letter was 'cute'
18. accept acceptance acceptable acceptably not because of the 'idea' of her cat getting a letter.
accepter unacceptable
19. formalise informality formal formally Part 6
formality informal informally 37. The correct choice is A. 'lfirst saw Venice in June 1984. lt was a sewer.'
formalisation 'l also fled the hordes for an 0rient-Express train through the quiet Tyrol.'
formalism 38. The correct choice is B. '...1 spent.l2 days in Venice for Christmas and
20. indicate indication indicative indicatively New Year and we revelled in the absence of ostentatious decorations that are
indicator indicatory unfoftunately, so common, back home.'
indictable 39. The correct choice is B. '...it's the light that seduces you every time and
2L. ritual ritualistic ritually makes you feel so very alive.'
22. interacl interaction interactive interactively 40. The correct choice is C. 'Venice at Christmas is surprisingly lacking the
23. couftesy courteous courteously tourist crowds.'
discourteousness discourteous discourteously
courleousness Part 7
24. laziness lazy lazily 41. The correct choice is G, as the theme of the previ0us paragraph is 'pen-
guins'and'laboratory investigations'and this is continued in paragraph G.
Part 4 "Take part in an experiment on mood....you will be shown a video of pen-
25. make a good (bad) impression on sb (expression) : impress sb (or guins". Also in paragraph G. "laboratory experiments to investigate what
[bad] leave them unimpressed with you) moods are", points towards an explanation which begins the following para-
26. be in the mood to do sth (idiom) : having the proper state of mind for graph
a parlicular situation or for doing something, or simply wanting to do some- 42.Ihe correct choice is F. ln the previous paragraph we learn we have "a
thing / experience something tendency to notice the negative feelings". Paragraph F. re-iterates this point
27.lhe change of word class (from verb to noun phrase) is a common at the beginning but moves to moods in general to lead into the following
technique to paraphrase a sentence paragraph. Paragraph A. could be considered because it generally adds to
28. be subjecl to someone or something (expression) : be affected by the point made at the end o{ the previous paragraph about 'feeling good' but
someone or something. a key point of the previous paragraph is that "we are happier than we tend to

I
think" and in A. 'the ramifications' don't follow this theme accurately. i 10. The Grammar School Association estimates that 75,000 children annu-
43. The correct choice is C. ln the previous paragraph we are told that anxi- i ally sit the 11-plus for only 20,000 places.
ety "narrows our attention span" and in paragraph C. we're informed that "it i 11. "... children from disadvantaged backgrounds are less likely to go to
takes us longerto read a word associated with our anxieties". Also, the fol- i grammar schools than their more affluent peers, even if they are just as
lowing paragraph continues the theme of 'thought processes' referred to at iclever."
the end of Paragraph C. just 2 percent of pupils attending grammar schools are entitled to
i12."...
44. The correct choice is A. The previous paragraph makes the point that i lree school meals, compared with 12 percent at other secondary schools in
it's "hard to shake off a bad m00d" and Paragraph A. explains 'the ramifica- i those areas."
tions' of this in terms of job interviewers. Paragraph D, might be considered I 13. One web-based tutoring service offers a 91-hour course costing f1,365
as it deals with 'anger' which is also in the previous paragraph. However, iwith an additional t2B5 for materials.
'fuming with anger' is used as an example to show how moods affect peo- i 14. "Tutors offer contradictory advice about the suitability of courses as
ple mentally, and this is developed further in Paragraph A, whereas a physi- i preparation for the 1 1 -plus. "
cal reaction results from the anger in Paragraph D. making it the incorrect
choice. i Part 3
45. The correct choice is E. because the previous paragraph begins with a itS. C. "There have been many versions of childhood in fact and fiction, and
definition of 'h0pe' and makes the point that hopeful people are 'm0re suc- i I dare say there'll be many more."
cessful'. Paragraph E continues on this theme by giving a reason "why itO. O. "So those cheeky little scamps I saw challenging each otherto throw
hopeful people succeed". itheir school bags on top of a bus-stop must have been a figment of my
46. The correct choice is D. The previous paragraph describes anger as i imagination."
beneficial, having a communicative purpose and paragraph D. begins with i tZ. n. "Many reach adolescence with poor attention spans and self-control
an added benefit "Also, anger readies our bodies for attack.....that might i and a distinct lack of empathy for the people around them."
prove essential in a fight". i tg. C. "lnstead many of our children have developed a taste for unhealthy
ifood, a couch-potato lifestyle and have related problems with sleeping."
Part 8 itg. n. "Moral guidance has suffered as societies have become increasingly
47 . F. "Some people will try to use words that disguise their true motives". i confused, while children are constantly exposed to manipulative advertising
48. D. "You've been cornered into dealing with tedious people". i and the excesses of celebrity culture."
49. A. "too many words can weaken even the strongest argument". i ZO. A. Since parents are terrified by media hysteria about "stranger danger"
50. D. "certainly don't feel you have to provide instant solutions if you're i.... ttrey also need information aboutthe real dangers from which children
suddenly offered an ultimatum". i should be protected - for instance, TVs and other technological parapherna-
51. B. "don't allow anyone to question how much you're spending on yourself". I lia in their bedrooms."
52. A. "focus on a one-to-one relationship that's suffering from neglect".
53. E. "to make the most of what's coming your way, you'll have to be flexi- i Part 4
ble about existing arrangements". iTask One
54. C. "Y0u'll develop an air of optimism. Just rememberto take a reality iZl.e- The speaker's hours "change depending on what's happening in
check". ithe world on a particular day" and "l enjoy presenting the facts in an
55. C. "Most people are wary of offers that seem too good to be true". i honest and unbiased way. That involves a lot of research and a lot of
56. F. "you are well overdue a refuelling sessi0n". itime out at events and incidents" and these things are characteristic of a

ijournalist.
Listen i ng Just if ications i22. C - "l prided myself on my creativity and the fact that my work di-
Part 1 i rectly increased the turnover and status of the companies I promoted,"
EXTRACT 1 i Zg. H - "stooping down, straining my back, carrying heavy equipment
1. B - "... it really suits his character as it's such a serene and isolated place ievery day." And "because lhave billsto pay ldo a manual, boring job".
and yet there's a really warm community spirit" I The only manual work to choose is that of a cleaner.
2. C - "They thought it was hilarious, watching us panting behind them." i24. A - "ln my job there is an element of danger and so there has to be
EXTRACT 2 idiscipline and order...", The police officer's is the only job that would be
3. C - "You always got away with murder because you were the baby of the i described this way; the others are not at all dangerous.
family", "l was just better behaved than you" and "blaming stuff on us when : 25. F - "l'm in the office at the cracl< of dawn until early evening, dealing
you were about to get caught" are all examples of ways siblings would talk iwith branches all overthe world" and ",..the world of finance never re-
to each other. i ally stops for a break" s0 we know the job has to do with money.
4. A - The man jokes with the woman and asks where is her degree il she is i Choice G would also have to do with m0ney, but would not be dealing
so smart. i with other branches.
EXTRACT 3 iTask Two
5. A - Brian "has proposed" which means they are now engaged to be married. i 20. 0. "And the people who are working too hard are not the poor masses,
6. B - Paul says that Jenny needs to look on the bright side. i they are the corporate lawyers in air-conditioned offices; the senior people

i who manage their own working hours."

Part 2 :27.G. "1 did it because lwas passionate about my work, and commanding
7. "Expefts also say over-tutoring does not significantly help." i good money, and that's a heady thing to resist."
8. "These schools admit to receiving 0n average, live applications for every i ZA. n. "Maybe a managing director lives to work, but I am working to live. lf
place. " ihe is a workaholic, it is because he loves his job .... lf he works too much it
9. Dr Mike Walker, headmaster of a grammar school in Chelmsford said that i is out of choice; if I work too much it is out of necessity".
"the nature of 11-plus type exams requires accuracy at speed, and with un- i Zg. g. "l believe we all have a need to be a functioning part of society...But
predictable questions ...." ithere is a line between a committed, contributing and conscientious worker
and somebody who really doesn't know when to put his pen down and go :
30. have the tendency to do sth (expression) : have an inclination to do
home." i sth; tend to do sth, do sth more often than not.
30. E. "l also find the Brits mix work and socialising to a far greater extent i
than we do in the States. Here, you can't get going on a Monday morning
i
Part 5
unless you first ask about people's weekends. Americans tend not to en- :
31. The correct answer is D. Paragraph 1. We gather from the text that she
gage in that kind of nicety." :
has a tolerant approach to the animals, has developed an 'understanding'

TEST 5 i
:
with them and gets "abuzz in the morning" when gorillas look at her.
32. The correct answer is B. paragraph 2. "1 had this unbelievable feeling.
l'm in the same country as wild gorillas. I was overwhelmed". lt was her
Reading and Use of English Justif ications i
Part 2 :

i
firsttime to visit Cameroon so A. is wrong" "ltfelt like coming home" so
she must know what it's like to feel at home making D. incorrect. Relatives
9. other refers to the second of two people or things when the first one :
are not mentioned so C. is not correct.
has already mentioned or implied. ln this case, the second leg. :
33. The correct answer is D. Paragraph 4. "we're eating our kin. As far as
10. whal is used to referto a situation that is unknown or has not been :
l'm concerned it's cannibalism". A. is obviously wrong. lt's not B, as "there
specified.ln this case, 'the thing'that he was expecting has not been speci- :
is a 0.6% difference in DNA between us and them", Spain proposes
f ied. "human rights" for primates so C. is incorrect.
11. awake(n) from latler something : to wake upfrom something, such
:

i
34. The correct answer is C. Paragraph 5. "Food is really basic
as a dream or a deep sleep. awake lrom lalter a nap : wake up after a i
- we haven't
the money to buy Iuxuries". D. is obviously wrong. A. is not correct because
short sleep :
she eats leaves 'not as part of her diet' but "t0 show infants how to sur-
12. as il is a coniunction used here with the meaning; in the same waythat i
vive". lt's modest because they "haven'tthe money" so B. is incorrect.
it would be if i 35. The correct answer is C. Paragraph 6. "The only way to stop this
13. or is a conjunction used to indicate an alternative, usually only before i
slaughter is to stop the people atthe top". B. is wrong as 'future' is only in-
the last term of a series i ferred in relation to stopping 'people at the top'. 'Plastering over a problem'
14. somebody / someone are indefinite pronouns referring to a person i
doesn't mean the work is pointless so A is incorrect and as it implies they're
who is not familiar withus not "eliminating the worst pr0blems" D. is incorrect.
15. look into (phrasal verb) : investigate
i

i
36. The correct answer is B. Paragraph 7. "lt's humbling that humans have
16. make / lind your way (somewhere) (idiom) : to move towards a par- i
done this to them and they'llturn round and puttrust in us again". C. is ob-
ticular place/point - if you have made or found your way somewhere, you i viously wrong. As she feels she must be the one to support them, A. is in-
have reached that particular place/point, correct. We don't know why she was crying so D is not correct.
i

Part 3 i
Part 6
Verbs Nouns Adjectives Adverbs
L7 ' serene serenerv i
37. The correct choice is D. '.,.the finest achievement yet from Muti and the

::iil:ilr, i
Chicago Symphony Orchestra, even surpassing the Othello performances of two
years ago.'
18. predict predictable predictably
unpredictability
i 38. The correct choice is B. 'With allthe hype and media attention...one wondered
prediction unpredictable unpredictably :
if there was any conceivable way the actual performance could transcend all the
predictability predictive predictively :
relentless build-up. Riccardo Muti is not a musician to failto deliver on high
predictiveness i
expectations...' 'The concert...provided a terrific exemplar to the world of the re-
predictor i markable partnership of Muti and the Chicago musicians, with this riveting and
predictableness j
combustible performance...'
19. widen width wide widely 39. The correct choice is A. 'The pedormance, which had had a relatively low-key
:

widener build-up...' :

20. fascinate fascination fascinating fascinatingly 40. The correct choice is B. 'The concert, which was streamed live and free on
:

fascinative fascinatedly the lnternet...'

2I. - awareness aware
:

unawareness unaware
:

Part 7 :

22. - coast coastal coastally 41. The correct choice is D. The first paragraph argues that man's dominance
i
bicoastal has only emerged "in the comparatively recent past" and that the 'game country
23. urbanise urbanisation urban i

of Kenya' puts this into context. The context is explained in Paragraph D. "ln
:

24. fragilise fragility fragile i

Kenya's game country, man is not yet the dominant animal". The last sentence of
fragileness Paragraph D. gives the numbers of giraffes, rhinos and lions counted in 1905 and
i
:

Part 4 i
by comparison, the numbers of these same animals that exist today appear in the
next paragraph.
25. there is little chance ol sb's doing sth (expression) : it is not likely to i
42.Ihe conect choice is G. because in the previous paragraph he "was hoping
happen to see elephants" and Paragraph G. begins with him explaining why - because
26. lose no time in doing sth (expression) :
do sth as quickly as possible
i
i
he "finds elephants the most interesting animals t0 observe". Paragraph G. also
27. such + verb + noun (noun phrase) + that clause : points out that "Stories of elephants are legion" and the following paragraph re-
28. we use inversion in the beginning of the sentence with particular adver- i
lates some of these stories.
bial expressions such as: under no circumstances, 0n n0 account / occa- i
43, The conect choice is F. as it continues the previous point that, although ele-
sion, in no way etc.
phants are "in s0me ways the most interesting", there is a tragic side to the
29. end up doing something (phrasal verb) : do a thing or get into a state
story in that "a century ago they were masters of the land. That was then, and
even though you did not originally intend to.
the following paragraph points out that "now pressure on elephant land is in-
creasing" and outlines the threats and changes that are taking place which are i Parl 2
the cause of this problem. i 7. "The marine environment is facing more problems than ever, from such
44. The conect answer is A. The previous paragraph concludes ftat "Things i conventional threats as overfishing, pollution and coastal development."
must change" and Paragraph A. inlroduces a key change as the starting o{ i 8. "Those species most in danger include the turtle, shark, Atlantic salmon
Kenya's wildlife sanctuaries. Also in Paragraph A. he describes a vision for the i 3n6 p;n1 ssy21 ..... "
preservation offie natural environment "in our rushing, modern world" and the i g. "At present, specific areas within UK waters are protected according to
{irst sentence of the next paragraph continues on this theme with the advice that : UK and EU legislation as Marine Nature Reserves or special Areas 0f Con-
"Above all the pace at which we disturb fie natural environment must slow i servation. "
down". i10. "At present, the only region in which all species and their habitats are
45. The conect choice is B, which begins by saying that "Since life began the i managed is a 3.3-square-kilometre area ofi the east coast of Lundy lsland in
environment has been adjustjng to change". This follows on from the point in tre ithe Bristol Channel - a mere 0.002 percent of our waters."
lastsentenceofhepreviousparagmphftattheenvironmentmustbegiventime:ll."OrganisationssuchasthelVlCS,theBritishSub-aquaClubandVIMF-
to recover from even 'well-controlled change'. Paragnph B. ends with the 'moral ! gK x1s 6xrrently campaigning for the creation oI a netwolk of highly pro-
squalor' of the ivory trade and fte next pangraph comments on human greed ! tected marine reserves. "
being 'out of control' to continue the point. i 12. "lt's quite clear that the current system is inadequate,"
46. The correct choice is E. ln the paragraph belore E., we read that "it is
i 13. "Not only do we need a network 0f protected areas, we should also
our privilege" to see the glory ol Kenya 'Iirst hand' and Paragraph E. elabo- i rnsnxgs fisheries lrom the perspective ol biodiversity and the health ol the
rates on how we should make the most ol this privilege. At the end ol Para- i ssosyslsrn. Historically, we've always looked at these things independently,
.
graph E., it's argued that if you rush around with "a 21'L century rhythm" : so at the policy level, fisheries aren't integrated into the planning process.
you won't use lhis privilege to best etfect and the lollowing paragraph logi- ! 14. "We need an overall strategy lor marine spatial management that con-
cally follows with the suggestion to spend more time with each animal : siders the impacts on biodiversity and ecosystems not just the stocks.'
group as a way t0 best use this privilege. i
i Part 3
Part 8 :fS. A- "... it's a strange experience to attend alox huntthese days.
47. B. 'Holmes visited nearly every country on the planet". : Strange, because they seem to operate in the same way they did be{ore the
48.C. "a man could achieve so much and yet be so little remembered". iban."
49.A. "but l have a few niggles. lt should really include Arctic plants, fish :16.D-"lattendatleastthreehuntsaweekduringtheseason,butthat'sout
and invertebrates".
-it's
: of 200 that go out about trivice a week. There is no way we can possibly
50.F. a huge volume that you couldn't take with you on holiday". : know what is going 0n everywhere."
51. E. "A careful read reveals factual errors". :17. C - "lt's very difficultforthe police t0 get a successful prosecution be-
52. F. "subject matter covered in a manner more akin to the journals oI a i cause you have to pr0ve intent. Trail hunting is perfectly legal, where they
Victorian chronicler". i draw the fox by a cover. lf the hounds chase, catch and kill a fox, then in
53. D. " His simple explanatory captions - taken from his lield notebook - : order to prosecute, the police need not only evidence, but have to prove thal
are a bonus". :the huntsman intended this to happen."
54. C. "Their mutual interests were vital to the development of aerial photog- : 18. B - 'But the magistrate lound that Black had failed to shoot the fox as
raphy as an integral part of modern geography". ; soon as possible after it had been flushed, and to keep the hounds under
55. D. 'the artists beautilul visual ioumey throuoh the seasons presented in
! s6ntr61."
this book". i tg. g - "lt was always intended to be a welfare bill" and "Basically the aim
56. B. "Holmes photographed everything". i of the bill was to stop them being killed inhumanely".
i ZO. n - "This debate has been going on for many years, and given that there
Listeni ng Justif ications i are no hard statistics on wounding rates, and that your view on the relative
Part 1 i humaneness of being torn apart by dogs is bound to be subjective, it's not
EXTRACT 1 i going to be resolved in the near future."
1. B - He "...finds it quite astounding the way that people flock through the
area to go birdwatching and yet on route they are completely oblivious to i Part 4
the marvel of the birds there on the Lowlands". i Task One
2. A - Both speakers seem to know about and appreciate the starlings. :21.D - "We don't deal in anything illegal, as there are plenty of interesting
EXTRACT 2 i creatures that can be purchased without having to break the law" so the
3. B - The man says there was a mess "around our rubbish bins" and the : speaker is involved in buying and selling animals.
woman says "our bins weren't touched" so we know they must live in dif- i 22. H - "ln my work I try to capture the essence of the animal."
ferent houses, so can not be married or flatmates. i 23. B - "l make a living out of wild animals in a way and l'd like to think that
4. C - The woman says that burglades have been occurring recently, but she i l'm quite knowledgeable about the animals in Africa" and "l don't think the
couldn't see anyone. She added that luckily her cat wasn't out that night or it i tourists I escort harm the environmenl ...".
could have been eaten. So most likely it was a wild animal. i.24.E - "...the large supermarket chains who want to pay us the absolute
EXTRACT 3 i minimum" and "where will they get their dairy products if we are put out of
5. C - The woman says that the landfill sites provide food for many species i business?" indicate that the speaker's trade involves supplying food prod-
of bird. She also comments that she doesn't know if the council will opt for I ucts.
incineration instead of creating more tips, but she thinks that the smoke iZS. e - "So I may get caught... lwas given a smallfine lasttime and that
from the incinerators may cause more pollution than the tips do. iwas it" indicates it is not a legal activity, and "lfeel so strongly aboutthis
6. A - Regarding the plans to build a new landfill site, the man says that he's icause.,... I'm preparedto give up all myfreetimeto protectthese unfortu-
heard that the whole thing has been put on hold until more research can be i nate creatures" shows that the speaker is trying to help and not kill animals,
carried out. i so choice A may be eliminated.
Task Two i Part 4
26. B - "Unfortunately some people still smuggle animals into the country as i 25. lall short 0l something (idiom) = to not reach an amount or standard
people will pay a high price for them. The fact that they are endangering i or goal
many species by doing this doesn't seem to bother them." i
26. we use the structure as +adjective/adverb +as to compare two simi-
27. F - "ln my work I try to capture the essence of the animal." 1
larl identical persons or things (comparison of equality). Nowhere is used
28. A - "lf every now and then we have to shoot a threatening animar to pro- i here to emphasise that Alan is a MUCH more competent pianist than Jenny.
tect our clients - well, that's the law of the jungle as they say - l'm not going i 27. it is a third type conditional which is invefted for emphasis. The phrase
to lose any sleep over it." had it not been lor can be replaced by the expression but for.
:
:
29. H - "Everything is changing - thanks largely to the huge supermarket 28. somebody / stn strikes sb (as being) have an emotional or cognitive
i
chains who want to pay us the absolute minimum. After expenses there's impact up0n, e.g. "This behavior struck me as odd". ln simplerterms, if
i
very little money left for us and they are on a huge profit." ;
something 'strikes me as .....', it appears 0r seems to me to be a certain
30. D - "lf it means that I have to be in violent situations, so be it. As rong as i way. 'didn't strike me as upset' :
didn't seem to me to be upset.
itwakes people up to what is really going on in these places." 29. it is ol no consequence (expression) :
it is not important / significant
i
30. we use matter in expressions such as " a malter of time" when we

Reading and Use of English Justif ications
2
Part
9. never (adverb ol time)
10. once (adverb ol time)
11. have a go (idiom)
TEST 6 :
:
emphasize the short period of time within which sth will happen. ln this
case, it is only a matter of time until she loses here temper means she is
bound to lose her temper and it probably won't be long before she does. lf it
i
is a matter of time before something happens, it is inevitable that it will happen.
i
: at no time in the past
: at one time in the past; formerly.
:
Part 5
: make an attempt at something, ortry something
i

i
31. The correct answer is B. Paragraph 1. "l tryr [3p6 not to be insulted when
people ask, after one 0r other of her sporting triumphs, 'where on earth does
(out).
she get it from?"' D. is not correct as she "tries hard not to be insulted"
12. make a fool of onesell = to do something which makes someone feel i
when people comment on her daughter. She only mentions her daughter's
stupid/embarrassedfioolish. i enthusiasm for various sports without expressing her feelings, so A. and c.
13. take onesell + adverb = consideroneself (as) sth.'take yourself too :
are incorrect.
seriously' = think you are very important, 0r have a serious demeanour and i
32. The correct answer is C. Paragraph 2. "i was reminded just how dire
not allow yourself to havefun. :
school sport was f0r me", which means A. and D. can't be correct. She vis-
14. laugh at sb (phrasal verb) : subject sb to laughter or ridicule; tease
: ited the school with her daughter but she only talks about sport and doesn't
sOme0ne
mention the purpose of the visit, so B. is incorrect.
15. Alter all is a linking phrase which emphasizes something to be consid- i'
33. The correct answer is D. Paragraph 4. "Girls feel self-conscious exercis-
ered; i
ing in front of people". c. is obviously wrong. sports facilities are not men-
16. turn up/show up (phrasal verb) : to make an appearance; arrive i
tioned so B. is not correct. The figures tell us how the girls felt but not the
level of interest so A. is not right.
34. The correct answer is D. Paragraph 4. "We need to think about ways of
Part 3
exercising within the school curriculum which makes sure that girls feel
Verbs Nouns Adject ives Adverbs comfortable", which means A. can't be right. Competition in sports is not
L7 ' - order ordinary orderly referred to so B. is not correct and as the role of teachers is not mentioned,

ordinate extraordinary disorderly C. is incorrect.

disorder ordered 35. The correct answer is c. Paragraph 6. "she was unapologetic about the
orderliness orderless lack of sporting facilities 0n offer", which means A. can't be right. B, is in-
disordered correct because once the girls excelled academically, success at sport 'did-
18. locate location local locally n't matter'. The school had some sports but we don't know if the
mislocate locator locatable headmistress discouraged sporls so D. is not correct.
dislocate unlocatable 36. The correct answer is B. Paragraph 6. Following the speech by the
19. picture picture picturesque picturesquely headmistress the writer says, "My daughter sneered and whispered that she
20. - idiosyncracy idiosyncratic idiosyncratically would never go to a schoolthat didn'ttake sportseriously". She didn't
2L. - essence essential essentially speak to the headmistress so it's not A. she wasn't impressed only because
unessential the school didn't take spoft seriously so it's not
c. She wants to leave right
22. perfectionism perfect perfectly away because sport was not important, not because she was intimidated so
perfecter imperfect imperlectly D. is incorrect.
pefectness
perfection Part 6
erfectionist 37. The correct choice is B. 'Could Jude Law be as good in the role as
23. reality real really David Tennant...so far as l'm concerned, is that it's a squeaker - and that Mr

realistic realistically Law is just ahead on points.,.The company has been strangely miscast.'
unrealistic unrealistically 38. The correct choice is A. Reviewer A does not find fault in the production,
24. so ongoing however, Reviewer B, comments, '...Wyndham's production is not a patch
on the RSG show...' whilst Reviewer c comments that Law and the production
are not up to standard with '...a few off-key notes (more notably, in the pro-
duction, itself).' Reviewer D similarly finds fault with the production, stating,
'...Grandage's speedy production...is looking just a bit over repetitive...'
39. The correct choice is D. 'But we have to give the contest on points, if
not quite a knockout, to Tennant.'
40. The correct choice is C. 'Law...making more compelling viewing than
Tennant, in the end.'

Parl 7
41. The correct choice is D, which responds to the question asked in the
previous paragraph about gardens and ar1 by expressing curiosity at the

small number of 'depictions of gardens in British art', despite the British ob-
session with gardens. The paragraph ends with a reference to fishing and
DlY, points taken up in the following paragraph.
42. The conect choice is G. ln the previous paragraph the question "where
are the major aftworks" is posed and Paragraph G. follows up with some
examples of 'favourite paintings'. The first sentence of the next paragraph
states the exhibition adopts a low-key approach instead otlhe'razzmalazz'
normally associated with prestigious galleries like the Tate.
43. The correct choice is B, which expresses the view that gardens are "an
escape from the rational world of work" or somewhere for people to 'play at
being children'. These impressions make perfect sense in the context of
gardens being the 'quiet, dreamlike places' refened to in the previous paragraph.
44. The correct choice is F, which gives examples of more recent gardens
in contrast to Monet's garden, referred to in the previous paragraph as being
"created so long a90". A. might be considered as it begins with a reference
to Monet's garden but, as 'Jarman' is mentioned and the following para-
graph refers to him by his full name, A. would not be the correct choice.
45. The correct choice is A. because the previous paragraph introduces
Derek Jarman' garden and it refers to Jarman's garden in comparison to
Monet's. Paragraph A. ends with a reference to the popularity of 'revolving
toilet seats' with Japanese tourists, and the following paragraph begins with
'But tourist attractions aside", to make the point about what gardens say
about artists.
46. The correct choice is C. The previous paragraph discusses a minimalist,
approach, how "a single flower can fill a whole canvas" or an "impression-
istic interpretation...where shape and form are loose and sketchy" . Para-
graph C. follows by contrasting this with the 'intricately detailed work' of Sir
Stanley Spencer. The next paragraph continues with what can be inferred
about an artist's character, to follow up on the 'messy h0use' and 'untidy
garden' at the end of Paragraph C.

Part 8
4l . D "Bury may well live to regret their foolhardy action".
48. F. "this is an eclectic mix of treasures".
49. B. "Each picture takes weeks and sometimes months".
50. C. "The seascapes are haunting and elemental while the landscapes are
more reflective".
51. E. "a series of paintings atthe gallery depicting lastyear's previous ex-
hibitions".
52. A. "a terrain smarting from the brute force of man's misuse of it".
53. D " auctioned a major painting by LS. Lowry so as to cover a f 10 mil-
lion shorffall".
54. B. "cave paintings and images from Jain temples inspired him".
55. E. "Each painting should hang at the very spot from which the image
was taken, enabling the viewer".
56. C "emerged from deep within his psyche and are a highly imaginative
response to a coastal terrain familiar to the artist".
... I preach about to my pa-
Listening Justif ications
Part 1
EXTRACT 1

1. C - "... your unassuming manner and typical professor's appearance

couldn't be further from Harrison Ford's image."
2. B - Seracini says that it looks like Vasari probably put a wall in front of Da
24. F - "l'm 0n the go all the time"... "no warm van for me 0n my round" A 24. associate association associative associatively
round is a route where someone makes deliveries, for example the post disassociate associate associate
round or the milk round. associateship associable
25. A - "lt's a bit like when I decide on the right amount of an ingredient for disassociation unassociated
a recipe." associatory
Task Two disassociated
26.D - "This sport keeps me fit and absolutely doesn't allow me to smoke,
which is something I preach about to my patients all the time but I have
struggled to completely quit myself." Part 4
27. A - "Diving can take you to places you never knew existed. Like many 25. somebody / stlt strikes sb as (being) = has an emotional or cognitive
people say, 'it's a different world down there' ". impact on. lf somebody or something strikes you as strange, it seems or
28. H - "There are countless challenging verlical ice walls 0ne can choose appears strange to you.
from." 26. not so much ... ?s : comparison of equality
29. F - "Beginning [beginner] snowboarders are the ones who normally get 27.lhe expressions it's high time and its about time are always followed
injured ... This is because they haven't learned how to maintain a stable by unreal past for emphasis. lf it is high time we started doing something,
stance on the snowboard yet and are thus more likely to lose balance and we need to start doing it urgently.
fall." 28. lor lear of something (idiom) : Out of fear of something happening;
30. C - "There are strict guidelines governing jumps and the most important because of the fear of something happening; in case something happens
is the calculation of the length of the cord, its elasticity and the height of the 29. given that : past participle of the verb give used here as an adjective
jump. You need to know the impact on the cord from the fall of the person." with the meaning granted as a supposition; acknowledged or assumed
30. we use inversion in the main clause with particular words and expres-
sions such as only by, only after, only when, not until etc.
TEST 7
Reading and Use of English Justif ications Part 5
2
:
31. The correct answer is B. Paragraph 1. "trainers are something you wear
Part i
9. need to do sth = be obliged to, it is necessary to i
to look cool ratherthan run in". A. and D. are obviously wrong. Healthy 60-

10. especially (adverb ol manner) :

in particular; specifically, particularly i
year-olds and younger people are compared but there's no reference about
how healthy older people were in the past compared to now so C. is not
11. the + superlative degree. Most has a positive meaning
12. who : relative pron0un refers to people
correct.

13. in most cases (expression) : in most situations

32. The correct answer is D. paragraph 3. "parents have a role to play...lt al-
ways amazed me how many pupils would come with a note from home ex-
14. nothing is used here in orderforthe sentence to have a negative mean- i
cusing them from PE without good reason". 'Parents' write the notes so it
ing. To have nothing of do with sth = flot to be related to it in any way.
:
:
can't be A. There is no reference to parents' spofting skills or sports facili-
15. more than comparative is always followed bythe word than. :
ties so B. and C. are not correct.
16. While is used as a conjunction with the meaningatthe same time that, i
33. The correct answer is A. Paragraph 4. "That's why we're looking to sup-
or although
port sports such as skateboarding and other street sports, which young
people are increasingly interested in". C. is obviously wrong. B. is not cor-
rect as, he says, they should not exclusively "promote the old traditional
Part 3
sp0fts". lt's not D. because'street sporls'are not extreme sports.
Verbs Nouns Adjectives Adverbs 34. The correct answer is A. Paragraph 7. "teenagers.....live for today not to-
17 , resist resistance resistant resistibly morrow so the importance of keeping fit for the future may be lost on them",
resister resistible resistingly Exercise helps concentration when studying so B. is not correct. C. is clearly
resistibility irresistible wrong. Taking part in sport can be "useful for social contact" Paragraph B,
18. addict addiction addictive but participation with friends is not mentioned so D. is not correct.
addict addicted 35. The correct answer is C. Paragraph 9. "setting a good example helps
19. - obesity obese obesely too. lt's no good telling your child to get up and be active if you are slouch-
20. depend dependence dependable dependently ing in front of the TV". "lnspiration comes from improved appearance, in-
dependant dependent independently creased muscle mass and social contact," Paragraph B, which means A.
independence independent dependably and B. are incorrect. D. is wrong, as banning TV is not proposed.
dependency 36. The correct answer is B. Paragraph 9. "if they are still adamant it's not for
dependableness them try to find an alternative rather than insisting they carry 0n or just give
dependability up". C. is obviously wrong. A. is not correct as you can try a course without
2L. expense expense inexpensive expensively paying the full amount. The cost of sports is not discussed so it's not D
expensive
expensed Part 6
expenseless 37. The correct choice is C. 'l think it appealed to Gordon because it's Lon-
22. resist resistance resistant resistibly don's version of Brooklyn: edgy, but without the West End's gleam and
resister resistible resistingly swagger.'
resistibility irresistible 38. The correct choice ls B. 'He's the tallest of poppies, our Gordon; every-
23. indulge indulgence indulgent indulgingly body lining up to give him a trampling.'
indulger indulgently 39.The correct choice is A. '...the so-what-ishness of this rather brand new
indulgent restau rant.'

a
40. The correct choice is D. '...the fact that Union Street Cafe is doing brisk i Listening Justif ications
trade, proves that Ramsay himself retains impressive pulling power.' i Part 1
i Exrnncr r
Part 7 i 1. B
- "l thought it would be worth it to do a bit of mother-daughter bonding."
41. The correct choice is C, which is general in theme and begins with O"l was w0rse than I thought and I really felt like the class dunce."
"passion can be as simple as teaching children to play football" in answer ir.
to the point in the last sentence of the previous paragraph that "passion i exrnRcr z
doesn't always have to involve amazing, earth-shattering feats". - "hate jogging especially as it rains so much in this country and I'd
i 3. A
42.fhe correct choice is G. as it deals with the necessityfor each of us to i miss s0 many mornings by hiding in bed instead of getting up for a run."
find the 'emotional force' referred to in the previous paragraph, and ends - "l don't really believe in New Year's resolutions myself, but anything
i 4. C
with "s0mething that will ignite a spark", a theme continued in the first sen- ithat spurs people on to improve their life in some way has to be a good thing."
tence of the next paragraph.
43. The correct choice is E, because it mentions 'passionate people in the : EXTRACT 3
public eye', continuing the central idea of the previous paragraph about - "l decided to take little Susan skating because I'd found my old skates
i 5. C
celebrities becoming involved in 'good causes'. The end of Paragraph E, iwhile lwas clearing outthe 10ft... lwas dying to see if I still had what ittal<es."
discusses the struggle to feel passionate and this leads in to the 'ebb and U O "lt was hard work. I really worked up a sweat,"
flow' of passion in the following paragraph. i
44. The correct choice is A, as it gives a pro-active example of 'making one- iPart 2
self feel passionate' to support the last point in the previous paragraph that i 7. "Panic attacks are the subconscious mind's 'fight or flight' response to
"we have a lot of control". Paragraph A. ends by outlining one of the bene- iwhat it perceives to be a threatening siluation. "
fits of 'enthusiastic behaviour' and the next paragraph begins with another i 8. "The first physical sign is usually heart palpitations."
'important' benefit, in relation to living longer.
i g. "lt's worth buying a diary so that you can record any negalive thoughts
45. The correct choice is F, as the paragraph before suggests we do some- iyou have about a situation before it happens."
thing for our health, to "change, make, become" and Paragraph F. advises i 10. "Although your immediate anxiety will decrease if you run away, this
how to go about this and to include enjoyable activities and interests that i might lead to increased anxiety in the future, so it's the worst thing you can
boost your energy, which is positive from a health perspective. The next
ido
paragraph continues the theme stating "Every one of us has an interest in i 11. "Active relaxation involves tensing for a few seconds and then relaxing,
something", although our busy schedule may prevent us from pursuing it. i in turn, every muscle that y0u can think of in your body..."
46. The correct choice is B, which suggests "trying tasters in subjects you i12. "An attackcan betreated very simply by breathing in and outwith a
are interested in", and responds to the question at the end of the previous
i PaPer bag held to Your mouth."
paragraph "what if you don't know where your passion lies". The last para- i13. "Holding y0ur breathforas long as possible can also help preventloss
graph follows up the idea of trying a range of activities with the suggestion i of carbon dioxide. lf you can hold your breath for between 10 and 15 sec-
that whatever you do "the main thing is to find something". i onds, and repeat this a few times, it will be sufficient to calm hyperuentilation.
j14. "Try a natural remedy such as camomile tea which works on the same
Part 8 i brain receptors as anti-anxiety drugs, or the herb, Valerian or aconite which
4?. D. "As there are no symptoms until it causes disease, many people i can ease the etfects of acute panic attacks."
with high cholesterol may not be aware they have it". i
48. C. "it is unnecessary and p0tentially harmful to exclude them from the : Part 3
diet'. 15. A - "Your friendship landscape changes through life."
I
49.E. "the virtualtrainer gives feedback via emails and texts - perfect tor
i 16. D - "the downside w1h this foul-weather lriend is that they'll puta
the self-con(s)cious exerciser". i dampener on you when you're up, forever pointing out what can g0 wrong""
S0. A. "one in three men and one in five women admit that they don't wash i 17. g - " gsu/are if being with them makes you behave falsely so that you
their hands after going to the toilet". i are not true to yoursell or to others. This situalion can only lead to a down-
51. E. "online coaches otfer a valuable compromise when it comes to ifall and great disappointment,"
training. First they are a cost-effective alternative. Second, they represent a : 18. A - 'She can be a powerful ally, but because she'll be there whether you
more llexible option". ; like it or not, she has the powerto make you miserable ijyou don't keep her
52. B."overusing painkillers leads to changes in the way the brain handles i 1n1snn66 2nd involved in your life."
pain signals". itg. C - "Good friends should be low maintenance" this means they should
53. C. "nutrition experts are.quick to point out that there's no evidence to
i not be a lot of work.
support it". i ZO. C - "Don't force the pace. Some people need time to get to know you
54. F. "it's about editing your lile to remove the reasons you are drinkino i better. lt's best t0 be pleasant and casual. Don't bombard them with too
too much". i many invitations. Respecl their time and other commitments ... "
55. B. " People must not assume that over the counter drugs are sale be- !

cause clearly this is not the case". i Part +

56. D. 'There's a lot ol publicity about the dangers of having 'high choles- i Task One
terol'atthe moment - mainly from companies that make specialfood that i21. I - 11s 5ame goes tor the children at work" so we know speaker one
claim to lower it". i works with children. Her iob keeps her both mentally and physically fit.
: 22. F - "... at the hospital where I work' and "l spend most of the day sitting
i down....". A Receptionist's is a sedentary iob that would be necessary in a
:hospital.
: 23. E - "We chat all day, especially l0 the customers" and "restocking

: shelves" s0 speaker 3 must work in a shop,

24. A - "...my job is all about changing or improving a person's image. I get i Part 4
real pleasure from holding up a mirror and making someone smile." : 25. the least (that) they can do is : lhe + superlative + that clause +
25. H - "l'm out in the fresh air every day and doing a physicaljob..." i verb to be
Task Two 26. some common techniques to paraphrase a sentence include substitut-
26. G - "l didn't realise that depression is a treatable illness. ljust thought i ing words or phrases for their synonyms or changing the word class (from
that I was going crazy and at the same time I was getting bigger and bigger. i verb to noun phrase).ln this particular case there is a combination of both
lf only l'd gone to the doctor earlier, I could have recovered sooner." ; techniques and there is a change to the objects of the sentence (direct/ in-
27. A-"There's quite a sense of camaraderie there too as lots of people are i direct)
in the same boat." : 27. there is little prospect/chance of sb's doing sth (expression) : ;1 it
28. E - "The staff canteen is a disaster areafor anyone trying to lose weight. i not likely to happen
... When it's someone's birthday there are extra cakes and chocolates on ; 28. When the verbs believe, consider, expect, know, say, suppose and their
the scene..." i syn0nyms, like the verb think in this pafticular case, are used in the passive
29. B - "...that's what inspired me to lose weight really as I want to look my i form, they are then followed by to + infinitive(in the correct lense - here:
best to create a good impression when a client walks thorough the door..." : inlinitive in the presenl perlect tense). Bring about (phrasal verb) cause:
30. F - "l'm so tired when I get home that I collapse in front of the TV with a i to happen
takeaway and have a few drinks. Even at lunchtime I tend to grab a burger in ! 29. have an / (no) intention of doing something (expression) intend; :
between houses and the clients often bring me out tea and biscuits or a i aim to do something, or set out to do something
slice of cake." 30. sth is on somebody's mind (expression) = if something is on some-
i

TEST 8 i
one's mind, they are thinking about it a lot

Part 5
Reading and Use of English Justifications i
Part 2 31. The correct answer is D. Paragraph 2. "Students still, by and large, take

f. in earnest (idiom) :
i
seriously; with a purposeful intent exams in much the same way as they always have". Technology is part of

10. right (adverb of manner) : exactly; just :

i
the exam system so A. is incorrect. The future direction is being discussed
o'one" so 'revolution' is too extreme, ruling out B. The invigilator 'makes sure n0
11. The cardinal number followed by the preposition of +plural noun i

separates a thing from the whole. (One of the main reasons) :

one is texting' so C. is not correct.

12. himself is a rellexive pronoun and is used here after the name for em-
32. The correct answer is B. Paragraph 3, because they are more experi-
:
phasis ;
enced they can deal with "more nuanced, longer answers". Retired examin-

13. like (preposition) = same as :

ers have stopped working so A. is wrong. Age is not mentioned so C. is

14. by n0 means (idiom) = in no sense; certainly not i

incorrect and students are not involved in marking, ruling out D.
33. The correct answer is B. "best markers don't have to be wasted" is A.
15. the coming years = thd years ahead, the near future
16. partly/ mainly (adverbs ol degree) : in partorto some degree; not
i
;
It's 'cheaper' D, and questions "can be marked automatically" is C.
34. The correct answer is C. Paragraph 5. "it's hard to get an accurate feel
completely.
of exactly what a student does and doesn't know". There are no complaints
about the work so A. can't be right. Checking "a few questions from each
Part 3
paper" doesn't mean they do less work so it's not B. lt's not D, as we know
Verbs Nouns Adjectives Adverbs the system 'makes it much harder'to assess students.
L7 . satisfy satisfaction satisfactory satisfyingly
35. The correct answer is C. Paragraph 8. "most people associate multiple
dissatisfy satisfier unsatlsfactory satisfactorily
choice with dumbing down". A. is obviously wrong. lt can be done online
satisfyingness dissatisf ied unsatisfactorily
but there's n0 c0mment about 'reducing writing skills' as a result, so B. is
satisfiable
not correct. The system is 'almost' foolproof, which implies it's not per-fect
satisfying
so D. is incorrect.
satisfied
36. The correct answer is D. Paragraph 9. "an examiner can now tell
unsatisf ied
whether someone just got lucky by ticking the right box or actually under-
18. reveal revelation revealable revealingly
stood the process by which he or she was being assessed". A. can't be
revealer revealing
right because 'an examiner can tell the difference'. B. is incorrect as med-
revealability
ical students must pass a multiple choice question to become a doctor. C.
19. end end endless endlessly
is wrong as n0 comparison is made with other methods of assessment.
ending unending
ender
Part 6
20. remark remark remarkable remarkably 37. The correct choice is B. '...here is a band whose music long ago aban-
2r, trace trace traceable traceably doned any pretensions to commerciality..,' 'ln one of the 02's numerous
traceability untraceable
chain restaurants, menus announce that it's Radiohead Night; quite how the
22. develop development developing
dread-filled, agitated sound found on their last album, King 0f Limbs,
developed
squares with bourbon-glazed baby back ribs...remains open to question...'
developable
38. The correct choice is C. 'There's a tendency to over-rationalise the
23. refine refinement unref ined refinably
music of Radiohead...'
refiner refinable
39, The correct choice is D. 'Their heyday alas is now long gone,'
refinery
40. The conect choice is B. '...here is a band whose music long ago aban-
24. awareness aware
doned any pretensions to commerciality...'
unawareness unaware

a
a
Pa*7 iEXTRACT 2
41. The correct choice is C, which introduces us to Prolessor Robin Murphy i 3. C - "....who kn0ws what method ol detection they'll dream up next."
as she is applauded by scientists lollowing the 'brief demonstration' out-
! 4. A - "Someone could have lett DNA at a crime scene and be a suspect but
lined in the opening paragraph. The following paragraph describes her as i they may not have committed the crime, especially il they know the victim.
she answers questions trom the scientists attending the demonstration. : No system is foolproof."
42. The correcl choice is G. because it tells us why she was featured in : EXTRACT 3
January's "Discovef' magaz ine, reterred to in the last sentence of the previ- : 5. B - "Jimmy doesn't seem to communicate with me anymore. lf he's not
ous paragraph. The following paragraph points out she "is in demand these i out with his friends, he's in his bedroom doing goodness knows what on
days" because of her work atter what she did at the World Trade Centre, de- i the lnternet."
scribed in paragraph G. : 6. A - "You are always at work and when you come home you are so tired
43. The correct choice is D. ln the previous paragraph we're told that "she : that you fall asleep in lront 0l the TV after dinner. You have no idea what his
gets the knowledge to make her robots successful" in the field. Paragraph : interests are."
D. to explain the success. tells us that herself and her students 'don t actu- :

to
ally build the robots' but "create software programmes and adapt them i Part 2
search and rescue". The lollowing paragraph gives an example where the i 7. "A hi-tech security screening system, designed to detect guns and other
robots are 'deployed at a moment's notice' referred to at the end ol Para- i oflensive weapons concealed on the body..."
graph D. : 8. "...t0 protect peoples' modesty, they come replete with "figleaf technol-
44. The correct choice is A. This paragraph provides background intorma- i ogy" that detects which parts ol the body need scrcening out."
tion, explaining how her interest in science developed, describing her edu- i 9. "The technology was originally developed by the lMinistry of Defence to
cation and then her work 0n artificial intelligence, a theme continued in the i use in military helicopters to enable pilots to see lhrough log."
lollowing paragraph "Later her work began to gain attention when she was a i 10. 'The technology is also expected to show the presence ol heart pace-
prolessor at the Colorado School ol l\4ines". ! makets and metal pins that have been used to help mend broken bones."
45. The correct choice is F, which describes the workshop refened to in lhe : 11. "Airport operators will be thoroughly screened t0 ensure their motives
previous paragraph as being "full ol innovations". We're also told that the : are not voyeulistic."
purposeisto"helprescueworkersleamwhat'spossible'andthefollowing:l2."Theybelieveitwillcutsignificantwaitsforsecurityscreeningatair-
paragraph, to follow up on this subiect, explains how "robot-assisted search i ports, and dispense with 'pat down' searches by secudly guards."
and rescue began'. I 13. ' 'lt has fie ability to penetrate nalural maletials,' said one e4ed"
46.ThecorrectchoiceisB.Thepreviousparagraphrelatesthetactthather:l4."ThetechnologyhasalreadybeensuccesslullypilotedatBritishports,
team's response to 9/11 was immediate butthey 'were not accepted right i where scanners have seen through lorry walls t0 detect illegal immiglants
away" because (Paragraph B.) "they had trouble getting through the police : being smuggled into Britain."
lines". Paragraph B goes onto describe the involvement ol the robots in :

9/11 as 'remarkably effective'. i Part 3

: 15. C - "tt is part of human nature to strive lo grow and develop intellectually
Pa rt 8 : and so there is an innate interest in where our children and grandchildren
47. B. "However, "memorable" and "original' are two words I can't in all i and great grandchildren wiil end up."
sincerity, use to describe it". : 16. B - "Aldous Huxley wrcte Bnve New World in 1932 while he was living
48. F. "the invaders hammer both sides indiscriminately but end up unit- : in France and England. By this time, Huxley had already established himself
ing the humans against them". i as a writer and social satirist."
49.B. "The prologue is terrible;the epilogue is surprisingly good". !17. D- "Wells' optimistic vision of the {uture gave Huxleythe ideato begin
50. E. 'political dissidents are rounded up and sent to the Maze, a top se- i writing a parody of the novel. Contrary to the mosl popular optimistic
cret research facility, t0 provide experimental hosts for military nanotech". ! utopian novels of the time, Huxley sought to provide a frightening vision of
5l. C. "a woman who can send messages coded in pain back t0 Earth by : the future."
jabbing herself in the arm". : 18. D - He was "outraged by the culture of youth, commercial cheeriness
52.F. "A section atthe end caps the story with historical notes and a revela- : and inward-lookng nature ofmanyofthe people...".
tionthatyoumayguessbefore,butwhichyoushouldstillfindentertaining".:19.A-"TherewasafearofAmericanisationinEurope...."
53.A. "G,,,i?s is a coming ot age story". : 20. C - The sex-hormone chewing gum in the novel is a parody of the ubiq-
54.A. "intended ataguess, as a bookforyoung teenagers, and as such iuitouschewing gumwhich issomethingof asymbol of America.... as well
has to be wrjtten with scrupulous care. ln this respect it is exemplary". : as the jazz music they listened t0 which seemed quite anarchic to Huxley"
55. E. "l think it might be all the flashbacks - Gallon is the only viewpoint !

character and his story is intercut with lengthy scenes from his time in tne i Part 4
lvlaze, which he has escaped from". : Task one
56. D. "situates the characters first in the Victorian London of Jack the Rip- i 21.E - "...1 use these for large murals..."; the speaker paints with spray
per and later in the crumbling metropolis of a modern Babylon, existing in a i paint, so must be an artist.
parallel dimension". i 22.H - the speaker works "outside in the weather and dealing with the cattle".
i Zg. S - "l have a lot of free time now", "l used to have a dog but I don't have
Listening Justif ications i the energy to walk 0ne now..." and "l'm very tempted to spend some of my
Part 1 i retirement fund....." all suggest the speaker is a pensioner.
EXTRACT 1 i24.D - "Until lgeta salary, lcan'tafford acar..." and "Maybe lshould be a

1. C - The man asks if Pam really needs to check everything three times be- i postal worker..." both indicate that the speaker is unemployed.
fore she leaves, : 25. C - ..."especially when I suspect someone is being aggressive towards
2. B - "Well, we've got a lot to do today so I suggest we get the 'must dos' i a relative. My job is pretty stressful at times and it's hard to get the truth out
over and done with first." i of people expecially when they are frightened of the consequences...."

a
Task Two 28. (lt) (really) doesn't matter to me (expression) : I do not care, or it is
26. H - "l get a lot of criticism for using aerosols but I don't drive a car so not important to me.
my contribution to the pollution problem is a lot less than most people I
29. have (a good / no) chance ol + ing = (phrase) there is/is not a great
know so I don't lose sleep over it. " likelihood / possibility of something happening
27.C - "Denim is everywhere and is a great equaliser of class as the poor- 30, no way of +ing (idiom) : no way of knowing/telling
est kid on the street to the wealthiest film star wears jeans."
28. E - "lt works on voice recognition so you really do feel like you are the Part 5
master and it has its own personality, like a real pet." 31, The correct answer is B. Paragraph 3. "lf a driver's got a disabled
29. A - "Le0nardo daVinci actually designed a bicycle in 1490, although it badge, you write that there's no badge". lf there's a visitor's permit, s0me-
was never made. Mind you, he seemed to draw just about every modern in- times you ignore it". C. is obviously wrong. Nicknam was sacked so it's not
vention hundreds of years before they were actually invented " D. lt's not A. as the tickets are not given to 'disabled drivers'.
30. G - "lt's often what they don't say that gives the game away." 32, The correct answer is C. Paragraph 4. "he found grounds to ticket only
five or six cars "legally" in a typical day, rather than the ten or more he says
TEST 9 his superiors expected". A. is incorrect as he was "sacked afterthree
months probation". lt's not B. as he was fired for'not'giving out illegaltick-
Reading and Use of English Justifications :
ets. D. is not correct as he was required to issue ten tickets, "if he wanted a
Parl 2 : permanent job".
9. not is used as a logical operator to express negation, denial, refusal, or i
33. The correct choice is A. paragraph 4. "l said I believed in God. I asked
prohibition
my supervisors, 'h0w do you sleep?". 8., C. and D. are obviously wrong.
10. for instance (linking word) = ?s ?r example; for example i 34. The correct answer is B. Paragraph 5. "At stake is public confidence in
11. out ol thin air (idiom) = out of nowhere, out of nothing; suddenly : the entire system of parking enforcement", which is a threat to the system
12. rather (usuallyfollowed bythan) is used when you are contrastingtwo i
meaning C. is wrong. We only know Nicknam was fired so D. is incorrect.
things or situations. The one introduced with rather than is usually not true :
Claims about dishonest practices have been made by other PAs so A. is in-
orpreferable. correct.
13. do one's biding (expression) : obey somebody's command
i

i 35. The correct answer is C. ParagraphT. "Yet by any standards, the busi-
14. When using neither in a balanced construction that negates two parts of i
ness of ticketing, clamping and removing cars is booming as never before".
a sentence, nor must be used in the second clause: e.g. She is neither abte i
Business is booming but it's not stated if it's from illegal ticketing so A. is
nor willing to go.Similarly, when negating the second of two negative inde- i
incorrect. The RAC only made a comment s0 it's not B. The RAC sees it as
pendent clauses, nor must be used. a 'way to raise m0ney, rather than a policy issue' so D. is wrong.
15. make use of someone or something (idiom) :
to utilize someone 0r
:

: 36. The correct answer is B. Paragraph 11. "Nobody now has faith in the
something i system. I certainly don'1". A. and C. are obviously wrong. The concluding
16. being (gerund/present participle) : used as a noun; it's the subject of :
language is 'matter of fact' ratherthan passionate so D. is not correct.
the sentemce :

i
:
Part 6
Part 3 ;
37, The correct choice is D. All the reviewers, except Reviewer D make co-

Verbs Nouns Adjectives Adverbs i

mparisons with other musicals. Reviewer A, compares the musical with
others previously seen, remarking, 'Billy Elliot strikes me as the greatest British
. -
18'
L7 environment environmental environmentally

',::iH,, illl,o,, ilXlll,,,,,u

:

i
:
musical I have ever seen and I have not forgotten Lionel Bart's 0liverl or An-
drew Lloyd Webber's Phantom of the Opera.' Reviewer B states that '...The
Full Monty...lost all of its gritty truth when musicalised. But Billy Elliot succeeds
realist unrealistic unrealistically i
brilliantly...' '...dance is used to express nanative in a way that evokes West
realism i
Side Story.' Finally, Reviewer C, remarks, 'Not since Blood Brothers first
19. precede precedence unprecedented unprecedentedly i
opened in 1983, has there been a new British musical to combine social com-
precedable
precedent i
mentary with a hearlfelt story of adolescence, as powerfully and melodically
preceding i as Billy Elliot.'
ZO " - particular particular particularly i
38. The correct choice is B. '...the nationalisation of the coal industry ends
ZL. specialise specialisation special especially :
with the collapse of the 1984 miners'strike. Billy's aspirations have been re-
specialty :

22. practice practicality practical practically :

alised, but a local community faces ruin. lt is the tension between those two
facts that gives the musical its drive.'
impracticality practicable
i
39. The conect choice is C. '...the rites-of-passage journey the show charts -
impractical i
of an 1 1-year-old boy transcending his working class background to gain ad-
23. oppose opposition opposite opposingly i
mittance to the Royal Ballet School - is played out against the background of
opposer opposing i
the 1984 Miners' Strike, implying the fierceness of Billy's own struggle.'
oppositive i
40. The correct choice is A. '...there are rough edges that would give Cameron
24. go - ongoing :
Mackintosh a fit of the vapours, yes, there are occasional scenes that are not
: as powerfully played as those in the {ilm.'

Part 4 Part 7
25. had no dilliculty (in) making + ing :
it's followed by: in :
-ing i

41. The correct choice is B, as we learn from itthatthree people entered the
26. wish (he) would stop +ing = wish can also be used with would to ex-i
room. Patricia, mentioned in the beginning of Paragraph B, is the third person
press a desire that someone do something differently( stop + ing) :
because Gregory and the old doctor are introduced in the first paragraph. Fur-
27.may be lacing closure :ril?ybe + ing + noun
ther on in Paragraph B, Patricia gives a knife to the doctor, who begins using it

I
in thelollowing paragraph "wrestling ttle knife back and f0rth forcibly". i EXTRACT 3
42. The conect choice is G. ln the previous paragraph Gregory takes the i s. B - '...1 too have been trying to make the eflort to be healthier.,.but I sim-
knife from the doctor and begins using it. Then in Paragraph G, continuing i ply go to the gym three times a week and try to cut back on the donutsl
the part about the knife, Patricia asks about trying another knife but "Gregory : What you are doing is rather extreme."
had managed to insert the point of his knile under the wax rim". Gregory no- i 6. B - "And then when I linish I am always so proud of myself. That's why
tices 'a sudden movement' at the end of Paragraph G. and the next paragraph ! I'm going to run the marathon. I can only assume the feeling ol accomplish-
tells us "lt was the doctof' and he brushes past Gregory to mallet.
Orab a : ment will be stronger."

43. The correct choice is E. because in the first sentencs we read that "the i
jar smashed" which is as a result 0l the doctor hitting 'the bomblu' (clay iar) i Part 2
with the mallet, descrlbed at the end ot the previous paragraph. ln the {ol-
: 7" "Easy ridinq, iust slightly challenging for someone who is far from '20

lowing paragraph, Patricia asks the doctor why he did it and the doctor turns i something'... "
to look "at the broken pieces of clay at his feet". i 8. "After much puffing and huffing, I reached the top of the hill and stopped
44. The correct choice is A. ln the previous paragraph the doctor sees the
:for a swig of watel and a look around. "
vinegar on the tloor and says "lt's blood" and in Paraoraph A. Patricia asks : g. 'l thought to mysell: lf I ride down the hill, and go really wide, I can move
why he'd said 'blood' and why he'd smashed the iar. Gregory speculates ithe calf towards the corner where the gate is."
that perhaps "he couldn't bear t0 wait any longef' and this is laken up by : 10. "Then the only thing to worry about is sandy holes that suck in
your
Patricia in the next paragraph "We all waited a week
'for this" and she re- i tires.'
peats the question about why he said blood. : 11. "They bring you t0 a dead stop which throws the rider over the top of
45. The correct choice is D. The previous paragraph ends with Patricia flick- iyour handlebars to land painlully on prickly-pear swords."
ing "ineffectually at her jeans" leading in to paragraph D. where Gregory : 12. However, when one is riding through the unmarked wilderness of a cow
can't tell, presumably from her actions, whether she is "disappointed or : pasture, trying in vain to keep a calf in sight who is running in fear 0f his life
glad" they discovered nothing. The paragraph finishes "But he was sur- :from the crazy lady on a mountain bike..."
prised" and the reason for his surprise is explained in the next paragraph - -
! 13. "l gamely pedaled through fie sage brush once again now uphill."
he didn't find what he expected. i 14. "So lchased him again. 0f coursethis was all uphill and probablytook
46. The correct choice is C, "You had imagined it", Patricia responds to the i4 9666 h6rjp...and I ended up losing the little monstel"
details ol what they expected to lind given in the previous paragraph, to i
which Gregory answers yes. Atthe end ol Paragraph C. Patricia touches his i Part 3
arm and says "l know" and the following paragraph begins with Gregory : 15. B - "ln 1983, the Nalional Space Development Agency ol Japan an-
wondering "How could she possibly know". i nounced that it would recruit three Japanese astronauts in order to conduct
ithe first Japanese space experiments aboard the Space Shuttle. I applied for
Part 8 i it and that was the start of my career."
41. A. "Keira Knightley gives "her best performance yet"....although she i16. C. "Three months after lwas selected by NASDA in 1985, the Chal-
was eventually beaten to the globe by Reese Witherspoon". i lenger accident occurred. I became extremely depressed since I felt the fu-
48. D. "a world-weary ex-marine sniper gets drawn into a plot to assassi- iture of space development looked dark."
nate the US president". i tZ. n. "ln this line of work you must be true to yourself. ln space, we en-
C. yourself and do
49. "this film is full of heart, unfortunately the mishmash of storylines i counter unexpected things so you must be able to believe in
and speechifying doesn't go down any easier on the small screen"' i what you think is right."
50. F. "there was the matter of how to age convincingly 0n screen". i tg. C. "During that time, I calmly thought about my career and all the train-
51. E. "throughout the film, Nair picks on scenes that resonate with her i ing I had received."
own experiences of coming to America" :19. C. "ln l971,lobserved Mars andthe M13 starclusterwith a 20cm re-

52.F. "trying to avoid a dry historical re-enactment of Wilberforce'S life". iflecting telescope."
53. E. "director Mira Nair drew on her own experiences for this poignant i ZO. g. "l am also interested in astronomy. I would still like to solve the mys-
family saga". Iteries of the Universe."
54. B. "but for fans of the TV series, it's the pedect escape on a wet
fternoon". i Part 4
55. D, "Co-star Michael Pepa was apparently thrilled at the chance to i Task one
shoot people". iZt. n- ",..the reality is that now that I am in charge....."
56. D. "Yes, there is a high body count", i22.D - "My main job is to answer phones and take messages, lalso occa-
i sionally schedule meetings ..."
Listeni ng Justif ications iZS. f - "My main responsibilities are recruiting, training, and looking afterthe
Part 1 i wel{are of the staff." Staff are considered a human resource.
EXTRACT 1 i 24.E- "l guess l'm just a natural when talking to clients and potential buyers."

1. C - "ln short, I just liked teaching too much!" i 25. B - "l like keeping the books".
2. A - "sometimes I think my friends wonder why I don't do something i Task Two

more prestigious... and t0 be honest, I used to wonder that too... like lought i26. C - "...my friendly-jokester days inthe office are over.'
to be doing more with my talent in maths. But now I realise that prestige i 22. G - "tt's almost embarrassing how good I am atthe game because it re-
doesn't compare with true happiness." : veals how often I actually play."
EXTRACT z i28. F - "l am always the lirst in the ofiice and the last to leave. loltenwork
3. A - "l am strictly talking about Luda's performance. I mean, first of all, all i weekends and holidays.."
the opening acts sang more songs than he did." i ZS. g - "They think that this place is a waste of my talent, and perhaps they
4. C - "l'm not sayrng they weren't talented! ln fact they were better than the i are right. But l'm satisfied here..."
main performer and that's my point." igO. f - "l can't really explain why, but I love my job,.."
 Part 5
TEST 10
:

Reading and Use of English Justifications:
Part 2
9. that/who :
introduces a defining relative clause and the relative
noun who refers to a person (dwarf 0beron)
10. pass through something (phrasal verb)
pro-
: to travelthrough something
31. The correct answer is C. Paragraph 2. Because they "can learn to com-
municate", "occasionally murder each other", and "have complex social hi-
erarchies", it's not A, B or D.
i
32. The correct answer is D. Paragraph 2, "When it comes to DNA, a human
i
is closerto a chimp than a mOUSe is to a rat". Chimps are similarto humans
genetically so it's not A. B. is obviously wrong. lt highlights the genetic dif-
ference between a mouse and a rat so D is not right.
:

11. so/therelore: used to introduce the logical result of something that hasi
33. The correct answer is B. Paragraph 3. "Yet tiny differences sprinkled
just been mentioned :
throughout the genome, have made allthe difference....Nobody yet knows
12. having killed : present participle (present perlect tense) which re- i
precisely where they are or how they work", which means A. or C. can't be
places a time clause. i
correct. lt's not D. as only'a rough draft', Paragraph 5, has been sequenced.
13. we use inversion in the main clause with pafiicularwords and negativel
34. The correct answer is A. Paragraph 3. "endow us with the brainpower to
expressions (only with being one of them) i
outthink and outdo our closest relatives on the tree of life". C. and D. are ob-
14. died ol sth (expression) = the cause of his death i
viously wrong. B is incorrect as our behaviour goes beyond 'expression'
15. base something on something else :
to found one's ideas or attitude i
where we can do things like 'delve into molecular biology'.
on something that pre-existed. :
35. The correct answer is C. Paragraph 6. "P0b0 is convinced he's on the
examplet
16. such as is used for introducing
i way to constructing the entire gen0me of that long-lost relative". lt's not A.
as they are referred to as 'human-like'. They "became extinct tens of thou-
Part 3 i sands of years ago" and 'a 38,0000 year-old bone was used to extract
Verbs Nouns Adjectives Adverbs i DNA, so B. is incorrect. They are "cl0ser to us genetically than chimps" so it
17 , vary variety various variouslY can't be D. :

variation variant varYinglY 36. The correct answer is C. Paragraph 7. "will not only begin to explain
i

variant variable invariablY precisely what makes us human but could lead to a better understanding of
i
varier varied human diseases and how to treat them", which means A. is wrong. B. is
:

varying obviously wrong. We can deduce from the text that the sequence of the
:

18. harm harm harmful harmfullY human genome is complete, s0 D. is incorrect.

i

harmlessness harmless harmlessly i

19. attract attraction attractive attractively Part 6 :

unattractive unattractively i 37. The correct answer is C. '...she (Osipova) seemed isolated at moments
20. accelerate acceleration accelerable acceleratedly from the staging...in part owed to an unlikely relationship with Carlos
;

accelerator accelerative Acosta's Romeo...l did notfor a moment believe in him as a youth ardently
:

acceleratory in love.' i

2L. add addition additional additionally 38. The correct answer is D. 'Would this international shooting star be able
:

addable addedlY to add lustre to a companythat is depleted of ballerinas of her class?...Rarely

I

addible has a performance flickered so rapidly between the astonishing and the
i
22. flame flame flammable disappointing.' :

flamer flameless 39. The correct answer is B. All the reviewers except Reviewer B, find fault
:

flamelet flamelike in 0sipova's performance. Reviewer A, comments, '...Natalya 0sipova is

:

flamy i back in peak condition...Yet this revival just falls short of passion. There's
flammable plenty of care in the storytelling, but the ballet's star-crossed lovers need
:

inflammable headlong ardour and despair. ' Similarly, Reviewer C finds fault in 0sipova's
i

flaming perlormance, stating,' Not quite what one might have hoped. Natalya
i

23, explode explosion explosive explosively i Osipova's debut as Juliet with the Royal Ballet was eagerly anticipated...yet
exploder on Thursday night, she seemed isolated at moments from the staging...
:

24. enjoy enjoyment enjoyable enioyably i Unfortunately, 0sipova, in trying to make the role her 0wn, decides to show
enioyer unenjoyable enjoyinglY a knowing Juliet.' Finally, Reviewer D comments, referring to 0sipova,
i
:
'Rarely has a performance flickered so rapidly between the astonishing and

Part 4 the disappointing.'

:
25. show up (phrasal verb) to put in an appearance; arrive. i
40. The correct answer is C. 'But what I once saw with Lynn Seymour, and

26. ln Standard English, hardly, scarcely, and similar adverbs cannot be :

saw with Natalya Makarova, and...with Yevgenia 0braztsova in the arms of

used with a negative. But they do share some impofiant features of negative i
Steven McRae was the traditional interpretation of the role. Unfofiunately,

adverbs, even though they may not have purely negative meaning. For one Osipova, in trying to make the role her own, decides to show a knowing
i
thing, they combine with any and al all, which are characteristically associ- i Juliet.'

ated with negative contexts. So; 'to have hardly any' effectively means 'to i

not have very much'

:
Part 7
27.1o the best ol my knowledge (expression) :
as far as I know
:

:
41. The correct choice is C. because the extract begins with Titus and his

28. The expression there is no point in is always followed by a gerund :

son, Sky, in the'freight bay' and Sky says "we're going outside" because

29. twice as many (expression) :

used to emphasise the size/amount of i
otherwise he wouldn't have been brought to the freight bay. Paragraph C.

something; double the amount opens with Titus acknowledging this as Sky had never been there before.

30. no guarantee that ... : it's not ceftain that. .. Paragraph C. ends with a power failure and the power is restored at the start
of the next paragraph "after what seemed like days".
42.fhe correct choice is G, which begins with shipboard life returning to : 11. "The show took place in space, in a spaceship that looked very much
normal following the effects of the power failure described in the previous ilike a game controller...."
paragraph. Also in Paragraph G. Sky's experience in the nursery leads him i12. "l didn't get into animation the way most people do. I came by way of
to accuse his parents of giving up "responsibility to an illusion" but in con- iTV "
trast, the next paragraph begins with him "in a mood of eager forgiveness" i 13. "Being a bit older than the other students, I worked really hard to make
on seeing the 'sheer size' of the freight bay. i myself stand out..."
43. The correct choice is A. The previous paragraph describes the freight i 14. "...the lousy economy forced me to become a freelancer."
bay and paragraph A. continues with details of the spacecraft and taxis i
parked there while the following paragraph begins with Titus halting "near i Part 3
one of the small shuttles" and confirming they were going outside. :15. B - "...901f is a lot easier 0n my body as well. lwill be able to play golf a
44. The correct choice is B. as the taxi instantly answered the command, to i lot longer than any other sport ..."
"enable excursion vehicle 15", given by Titus at the end of the previous it0. C - "Once in a blue moon, lwill have a cheeseburger... " A blue moon
paragraph. At the end of Paragraph B. Sky is told t0 "take a seat on the right : is a rare phenomenon so the phrase is used for anything that does not hap-
of the instrument column" and in the following paragraph he hops into the i pen often.
spacecraft as instructed. i tZ. 0 - "l didn't like the health food that my parents fed me as a child but
45. The correct choice is D. ln the paragraph before there's a description of i am thankful now for it's become a habit."
the inside of the spacecraft and Sky adjusting to conditions inside. Para- itg. g - "This may make me sound really pathetic, but I spend a lot of time
graph D. begins with the next logical step of his father joining him and set- i'with my cat at home actually."
tling "into the seat next to him", itg. n - "You may believe me or not but lhave absolutely no superstitions....
46. The correct choice is E, Where Titus gives an answer to the question i Sorry if that's a disappointing answer."
posed by Sky in the previous paragraph about not trusting machines. i ZO. C - "l am one of the oldest girls out there" and "A lot of girls have 3 or 4
iyears more experience in competition than me". They are younger and have
Part 8 i been competing longer so she must have started later.
47.D. " they said lwas starting football practice. lprotested a bit but I :

knew my efforts would be worthless. My parents are unmovable". i Part 4

48. B. "l was always the best on my team by far but, considering my back- I Task One
ground, that was expected". :21. H - "a lotof people in my line of workprefer justtotake peopleform
49.C. "l left many games covered in bruises and blood". :pointAtopointB....'soweknowthespeakerisadriver. ChoicesFandA
50. C. "Foolballwas always iust one ofmy extra-cunicular activities". :can be eliminated because tourists would not use this these forms oltrans-
51. E. "it is sure nice to be linally be recognised, praised and admired for : port.
our hard work" :22.C - "Butthe people lfly around ... have beds and champagne on board
52. B. "l was just happy the tournament was over so I could go home and i with them!"
be with my friends". i23.F - "These children light up my life..." s0 we knowthe speakerworks
53. A. "l made the team, but turned them down and returned home. I had i with children, and "Many ol them are too energetic to sit in their seats their
realised that my dream wasn't all I had built it up to be". i entire route" s0 we know it is a bus route.
54. C. "l still got to be captain and I really loved my role from the sideline"- i 24. D - 'People see my ride as something extracted from a lairy tale" and
55.D. 'considering lam notthe world's best athlete'. i"The horses are usuallythe ones breakingthe romantic ideal...." Carriages
56. E. "when England decided to start its first women's national team, they ; are old lashioned and pulled by horses.
had to recruit from a younger age group". i 25. B - "because it's so long, there are more blind spots than in a normal
i sized car."
Listeni ng Justif icat ions
Part 1 iTask Two
EXTRACT 1 : 26. B - "0f c0urse, I should respect that, but that's not always easy to do.
1. C - "But honestly l've been thinking about it for a few m0nths now." i That's probably one 0l my taults"
2.8 - "1 guess I iust needed to get out of here for a bit. I guess l'm in a bit of :27. A - "l overheartheir conversations abouttheir country clubs, theirlancy
a rut in lile and want to do something drastic to get out ot it." i cars or their mansions and I detinitely get iealous. "
EXTRACT 2 i 28. C - "To help me out, I have asked one of my older students to be on pa-
3. A - "l think the atmosphere went to your head a little too much, Julie." ! trol. ... lt's actually quite amazing how well the other students respond to

The atmosphere of a place has to do with the environment. iher!"

4.C-"'Noway. A burger dressed like this? We're really going to stand ! 29. G - '...he kept gagoing lrom the horrible stench comino a lew feet in
out." i front of him. lt was quite funny actually."
EXTRACT 3 igO. H - "...1 do feel a little powerful driving such a large vehicle on the road.
5. B - "1 suppose forthe same reason why anyone pursues any career." ilt'samazing how many people will get out of my way."
...it
6. C - has a normal schedule - as in , no overnighters. This is important i

for me because I want to have a family.... " :

Part 2 :

7. "Although I've worked for other people in the past, l'm primarily my own i
boss these days. I much prefer being sell-employed. :

8. "'...1 found it limiting to make a freelance career out of just 3D animation, :

so I became an expert on all sorts o{ multimedia skills."

9. "...as well as animations for corporate projects.' 1

10. "This show featured new and upcoming computer game releases...." :
 Cambridge English Advanced i
Part
Part
5: 31.D 323 33.C 34.8 35.A 36.C
6: 37.D 3B.A 39.D 40.8
10 Practice Tests - Answer Key i
Part 7: 4LC 42.F 43.D 44.A 45.8 46.G
Part 8: 47.C 4B.E 49.D 50.A 51.D 52.C 53.A 54.F 55.8
Practice Test 1 56.E
Reading and Use of English
Part 1: l.C 2.D 3.8 4.D 5.A 6.C 7.B 8.C i
LISTENING - Part 1: l.C 2.A 3.8 4.8 5.C 6.A
Part 2:9. each/every 10. factrlshort 11. precisely/exactly ,
LISTENING - Part 2
12. could/should 13. getting /doing 14. some 15. actually /really i
7. 15 percent/significant B. Television programmes
16. on 9, better climate 10. low(er) interest rate(s) 11. minority
Part 3: 17. variation 18. increasingly 19. f indings 20. absorption i 12. cheapest 13. investment 14, tax and inheritance
21.measurements 22. worldwide 23. unbelievable 24. problematic i LISTENING - Part 3: i5.B 16.D I7.D lB.C 19.A 20.C
Part 4: 25. in the habit of playing 26. have every / a good chance of i LISTENING - Part 4
winning 27. goes without saying that I did 28. strike you as 2r.F 22.A 23.D 24.H 25.C 26D 27.C 2B.c 29.H 30.A
:
(being) 29. to cook for myself, let alone 30. such was the force of i
Part 5: 31.C 32.D 33.8 34.A 35.D 36.8
Part 6: 37.B 38.A 39.D 40.C Practice Test 4
Part 7: 4LF 42.8 43.D 44.c 45.A 46.C Reading and Use of English
Part 8:47.D 48.A 49.8 50.C 51.D 52.A 53,F 54.8 55.E Part 1: 1.C 2.A 3.8 4.D 5.B 6.D 7.C B.B
56.8 Part 2:9. making 10. could 11. without 12. Who 13. all
14. ourselves 15. such 16. iflthough
LISTENING - Part 1: l.C 2.8 3.8 4.C 5.C 6.8 Part 3: 17. apparently 18. acceptable 19. informality
LISTENING - Part 2 20. indication 21. ritualistic 22. interaction 23. courtesy
7. public finance B. competing 9. continuous link 24. laziness
10. natural habitats 11. circular walks 12. reservoirs Part 4: 25. made a good impression on 26. noI in the mood to
13. rod licence 14. considerate go/in no mood to go 27. was a complete lack of trust
LISTENING - Part 3: 15.D 16.4 I7.B 1B.D 19.C 20.A 28. is subject to alteration/change 29. shed some light on
LISTENING - Part 4 30. came to the conclusion that
2LD 22.C 23.c 24.A 25.8 26.C 27.H 28.c 29.F 30.8 Part 5: 31.D 32.D 33.8 34.8 35.C 36.A
Part 6: 37.A 3B.B 39.8 40.C
Part 7: 4LG 42.F 43.C 44.A 45.E 46.D
Practice Test 2 Part 8: 47.F 48.D 49.A 50.D 51.8 52.A 53.E S4.C 55.C
Reading and Use of English 56.F
Part 1: l.D 2.A 3.8 4.A 5.D 6.C 7.B 8.A
Parl 2:9. just those 11. for 12. Since/As/Because
10. LISTENING - Part t 1.8 2.C 3.C 4.A 5.A 6.8
13. waste 14. right 15. Unless 16. yetlbut/whose LISTENING - Part 2
Part 3: 17, infallible 18. conviction 19. enthusiasm 20. pleasure j 7. over-tutoring B. five applications 9. unpredictable
21. incomprehensible 22. confusion 23. endless 24, suspicious i 10. 75,000 11. disadvantaged 12. free school meals
Part 4: 25. no intention of giving 26. congratulated her on choosing i 13. materials 14. contradictory
such 27.would appear that the thieves got 28. apologised f or not i LISTENING - Part 3: 15.C 16.D L7.A 18.C 19.D 20.8
turning/showing [or havlng turned/shown] 29.in case she wanted :
LISTENING - Part 4
to buy 3O.difference to me if she stays/ keeps i 2r.E 22.C 23.H 24.A 25.F 26.D 27.c 28.A 29.8 30.E
Pa_lt 5;31,B 32.C 33.D 34.8 35.A 36,C
Part 6: 37.A 38.8 39.8 40.A
Part 7: 41.G 42.F 43.D 44.A 45.C 46.E Practice Test 5
Part 8: 47.C 4B.E 49.F 50,8 51.A 52.D 53.8 54.C 55.A Reading and Use of English
56.F Part 1: 1.D 2.A 3.B 4.A 5.8 6.C 7.A B.A
Part 2:9. other 10. what IL from/after 12. though/if i3. or
LISTENING - Part 1: 1.8 ,2.A ,3.C , 4.B , 5.C , 6.A 14. somebody/someone 15. into
16. made/found
LISTENING - Part 2 Part 3: 17. serenity 18, unpredictability 19. widened
7. council estate B. qualifications 9, volunteer 10. deadline fascination 21. awareness 22. coaslal
20. 23. urbanisation
11. emotional barriers 12. the court 13. domestic violence/ 24. fragrlity
pressure 14. sentence Part 4: 25. little chance of Jim being 26. lost no time in phoning his
LISTENING - Part 3: 15,8 16.4 I7.D 18.B 19.A 20.C 27. the power of the government 28. no circumstances is the baby
LISTENING - Part 4 tolshould the baby 29. ended up doing 30. has a tendency to
zLF 22.8 23.D 24.H 25.A 26, 27.c 2B.A 29.H 30.C mistrust
Part 5: 31.D 32.8 33.D 34.C 35.C 36.8
Part 6: 37,D 3B.B 39.A 40.8
Practice Test 3 Part 7: 4l,D 42.c 43.F 44.A 45.8 46.E
Reading and Use of English Part 8: 47.B 48.C 49.A 50.F 51.E 52f 53.D 54.C 55.D
Part L: i.D 2.C 3.B 4.8 5.D 6.D 7.8 B.B 56.8
Part 2:9. with 10. such 11. behind 12. Although/Whtte
13. thanks/due 14. first 15. onlyljust 16. few - Part L 1.8 2.A 3.8 4.C 5.C 6.A
LISTENIII|G
Part 3: 17. spectacular 18. exception 19. favourable - Part 2
LISTENING
20. unforgettable 21. reality 22. unreliable 23. uncomfortable :
7, overfishing 8. Pink coral 9. Legislation 10. 0.002
24. illegal :
11. network 12. inadequate 13. integrated 14. strategy
Part 4: 25. is reputed to be one 26. announcement of her engagement i LISTENING - Part 3: 15,8 16.D 17.C 18.8 19.8 20.A
took us 27. utmost importance that we find 28. no circumstances i LISTENING - Part 4
will lever 2g.tryingfor/having tried for months did 30. wasn't in zr.D 22.H 23.8 24.E 25.c 26.8 27.F 2B.A 29.H 30.D
:

the mood for

PraCtiCe TeSt 6 : LlsrENlNG . Part t l.C 2.8 3.c 4A 5.8 6.4
Reading and Use of English iLISTENING ' Part 2
part t l.D 2.D 3.C 4.C 5.8 6.4 7.C g.D i7. concealed 8. screen out 9. fog 10. pacemaker
Part 2:9. neuer / rarely 10. once 1I. go 12. themselves i11. voyeuristic 12. security guards 13. natural materials
13. take 14. at 15. After 16. turninsTshowine i 14. illegal immigrants
part 3: 17. extraordinary 19. tocation 19. piciuresque iLISTENING' Part 3: 15.C 16.8 17.D 18.D 19A 20.C
20. idiosyncratic 2i. eisentially 22. perfeciionism 23. unrealistic iLISJENING ' Part 4
24. ongoing j21'E 22H 238 24D 25C 26H 27C 28E 294 30.G
Part 4: 25.lell short of my expectations 26. nowhere (near) as good i
at playing 27. not been for the timely arrival 28. did not strike me
beins 2e. is or no consequence
'36:;d;;;lie".."ilh - as "" i h__
iPractice Test 9
until/before " i Reading and use of English
!Part l: 1.A 2.8 3A 4.8 5.C 6.D 7.A 8.8
part 5:31.8 32.C 33.D 34.D 35.C 36.8
part 6:37.8 38.A 39.D 40.C :Part 2:9. not 10. For 11. of 12. rather 13. do 14. nor
peft 7t 41.D 4Z.c 43.8 445 45A 46.C : 15. use 16. being
part B:47.D 4g.F 49.8 50,C 51.E 52A 53.D 54.B 55.E !Part 3: 17. environmental 18. realistic 19. unprecedented
56.C : 20. particularly 21. especially 22. praclicalily 23. opposition
; 24. ongoing
L;STEN;NG - part t: I.C 2.8 3.8 4A 5.C 6A iPart 4:25. had no difficulty in answering 26. finding fault in
LISTENING - part 2 i2T.befacing closure 28. decision doesn't matter 29. no chance
7. Revolutionary changes 8. Citizens and Kings 9. poets iof winning 30. no way of telling
10. exhibition curator 11. executed 12. two historic books i Part 5: 31.B 32.C 33.A 34.8 35.C 36.8
13. political changes 14. fossils and shells i Part 6: 37.D 38.B 39.C 40.A
LISTENING - Part 3: 15.C 16.A I7.C lB.D 19.8 20D i Part 7:4LB 42.G 43.E 44.A 45.D 46.C
LISTENING - Part 4 : Part 8: 47.4 48.D 49.C 50.F 51.E 52.F 53.E 54.8 55.D
2r.G 22D 23.8 24.F 25.A 26.D 27.A 28.H 29.F 30.C iso.o

PfaCtiCe TeSt 7 ILISTENING - Part I l.c 2A 3A 4.C 5.8 6.8

Reading and Use ol English !LISTENING - Parr 2
part t l.B 2A 3A 4.C 5.C 6A 7.D 8.8 i7. challenging 8. water 9. towards the corner 10. sandy holes
Part 2i g. need/begin/start 10. especially 11. most 12. who i 11. painful 12. sight 13. uphill 14. monster
13. cases 14. nothing 15. more 16. WniteTnt6ougn :LISTENING - Part 3: 15.8 16.C 17.A i8.C 19.C 20.8
Part 3: 17. resistance 18. addictive 19. obesitv
- iLISTENING - Part 4
20. dependence/"cy 21. inexpensive 22. irresistible 23. indulgence izl. A 22.D 23F 24.E 25.8 26.C 27.G 28.F 29.8 30E
24. associations ;

Ben creaned 28.Ior re or wakins

jd.
rten'iiri n.;;il "'
Pafi 4i 25. strike you as (being) 26. is not so much 27. high time' i h--
iPractice Test 1O
30. practising every day do iReading and lJse of English
part 5:31.8 32.D 33.A 34.A 35.C 36.8 iPart 1: 1.C 2.8 3.8 4.0 5A 6.C 7.8 8"C
part G:37.C 3g.B 39A 40.D :Part 2:9. that/who 10. through 11. soltherefore 12. having
part 7:41.C 42.G 43.E 44A 45.F 46.8 : 13. does/can 14. o1 15. on 16. such
part 8:47.D 4g.C 4g.E 50A 51.E 52.8 53.C 54.F 55,8 iPart 3: 17. various 18. harmlul 19. attractive 20. acceleration
56.D 121. Additional 22. explosive 23. llammable 24. enjoyable
iPerl 4i 25. showed up aI/Io/lor 26.have hardly any 27. the best
LISTENING - part L 1.8 2A 3A 4.C 5.C 6A iof my knowledge 28. no point (in) trying 29. are twice as many
LISTENING - part 2 :women as 30. is no guarantee that you
7. thrbatening situation 8. the heart 9. negative thoughts i Part 5: 31c 32 D 33 8 344 35 c 36 c
10. run away 11. muscles 12. paper bag 13. Holdini your breath i lart 6: 37 c 38 D 3s B 40 c
14. Naturat remedies iPaft7i 41.C 42.G 43A 44.8 45.D 46.E
L|STEN|NG - part3:15A 16.D 17.B 18A 19.C 20.C iPartS:47.D 48.8 49.C 50.C 51.E 52.8 53A 54,C 55.D
LlsrENlNG- Part4 i56E
zt.D 22r 23t 24A 25.H 26.c 27 A 28.E 29.8 30,F i
: LISTENING - Part 1: 1.C 2.B 3A 4,C 5,8 6.C
praCtiCe TeSt 8 :LtsrENtNG - part 2
Reading and Use ol English :7. self-employed / his own boss 8. multimedia skills 9. animations
part t t.B Z.D 3.C 44 5.D 6.C 7.C gA :10. new and upcoming 11. a spaceship
part 2:9. in 10. right 11. one 12. himself 13. like :12. most 3D animators/most people in animation 13. (a bit) older
14. by 15. coming 16. partlylmainly :14 the (lousy) economy
Pari3: U. satisfyingly 18. revelation 19. endless ILISTENING - Part 3:15.8 16.C 17.D 18.8 19A 20.C
20. remarkably 21.1iaceaote 22. development 23. refinements iLISTENING - Part 4
24. awareness i
2LH 22.C 23.F 24.D 25.8 26.8 21A 28.C 29.G 30.H
Part 4: 25. least they can do is 26, left many passengers seriously i
27. is little prospect of John gettine 28. have been brought about i
by 29. no intention o{ replying 30. been on Andrew'smind i
Part 5:31.D 32.8 33.B 34.C 35.C 36.D i
Part 6:37.8 38.C 39.D 4O.B i
Part 7: 41.C 42.G 43.D 44A 45.F 46.8 :
Part 8:47.8 48.F 49.8 50.E 5LC 52.F 53A 54.A 55.E
56D i

i
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TEST 1
This is the Cambridge Certificate in Advanced English Listening
Test. I'm going to give you the instructions for this test.
l'll introduce each part of the test and give you time to look at
the questions. You will hear each piece twice. There'll now be a
pause. Please ask any qaestions now, because you must not
speak during the test. PAUSE 5 SECONDS
Part 1 The Grand Union Canal boasts an extraordinary variety of wildlife,
You'll hear three different extracts. For questions 1-6, choose
the answer (A, B or C) which fits best according to what you
hear. There are two questions for each extract.
EXTRACT 1 A car-free and carefree way to appreciate the beauty of the canal -
You will hear two people talking about a play that they saw at
the theatre. Now look at questions I and 2.
Jane: Well that was certainly original. I've seen quite a few of his plays and
that one was completely different to the others.
Bill: Yes, it was quite dark, wasn't it? Maybe it's because he'd become
aware of his own mortality when he wrote it.
Jane: That's right. He'd been seriously ill, hadn't he?
Bill: Apparently it was touch and go for a while.
Jane: Mind you, the main character was hilarious, in a sick kind of way. I tions to established clubs who welcome non-members for a small daily fee.
think that kind of humour would go right over most people's heads.
Bill: Well, I don't know how he'll follow up that story. He really seems to
be a different character to when he first started to write.
Now you will hear the recording again.
EXTRACT 2
You will hear part of a radio interview with a trade and com-
merce researcher. Now look at questions 3 and 4.
lnterviewer: The old mantra about the three most important factors for a
shop's success - location, location, locaiion - has been borne out by a new
mathematical model. lt could help retailers pinpoint lucrative sites for their
stores. Physicist Pablo Jenson is here with us today. Good morning Pablo.
Pablo: Good morning. We have analysed location records for more than
8500 retail outlets in Lyon, France. We found that the shops formed clusters,
with shops such as bLitchers and delicatessens in one group, for example,
and laundromats and bookstores in another. Stores of the same group
seemed to atiract each other, while stores from different groups repelled
each other.
Interviewer: You've created a theory haven't you?
Pablo: Yes, that's right. lt's a theory of magnetism to calculate a number,
'Q' for shops, based on the proximity of attractive and repellent businesses
in the area. 'Q' represents the suitability of a site for a particular type of
shop: the higher the number, the better the site. We tested this theory with
all of the bakeries in Lyon between 2003 and 2005. During that period, 19
bakeries shut down and their average 'Q' was lower than the average for all
bakeries. Actually, the Lyon Chamber of Commerce is using ihe model to
help entrepreneurs identify promising new premises.
Now you will hear the recording again.
EXTRACT 3
You will hear part of a report about holiday homes in the
Mediterranean. Now look at questions 5 and 6.
Speaker: For a beautiful alternative to the bigger Spanish coasts, try the
Costa de la Cruz,'the coast of light'. The government of Andalucia is taking
care to protect this little known region, which has earned the nickname, 'the
Spanish Algarve' thanks to iis charm and proximity to the Portuguese bor-
der. A property in the area represents a sound investment because homes
are cheaper than their Portuguese equivalents, and land laws mean that it
will never become so built up that it is spoiled. National parks, farmland and
beautiful beaches all abound, and Chris Mercer of spanishproperty.co.uk says
that more homes will be built soon. 'More land will have to be made available
for development soon because demand is quite simply starting to outstrip
supply', he says. 'The government is being careful to preserve the natural
beauty and character though, so your investment should stay strong.'
Now you will hear the recording again. That's the end of Part
Part 2 Lenny: I've been in Addis Ababa. This time round I went to a place called
You will hear a representative from British Waterways called
John Sampson talking about a canal network in England. For
questions 7-14, complete the sentences.
John: The extensive network which makes up the Grand Union Canal is,
without doubt, a truly extraordinary piece of engineering. Begun in the late
18th century, the majority of the canal system was built without the benefits
of modern technology or public finance. lt is a truly grand canal. But why is
it known as the Grand Union Canal? From 1790 lo 1929 a large number
competing, independently owned canals were constructed, their waterways
not uniform in size and often unable to carry the larger vessels from other
sections. Through a series of takeovers, the various companies eventually
amalgamated and created a 'union' of canals which could form a continuous
link between Birmingham, London and other important industrial areas. Along
every stretch of canal, you will find this heritage retained. Traditionally-paint-
ed narrow boats are still guided by original mile posts, while working exam-
ples of mills, pump houses, ancient locks and keepers' cottages are a com-
mon sight on any journey.
from feeding herons and hunting owls to rare water voles. Natural habitats
are numerous as a result of cleaner waters and the declining industrial traf-
fic. The hedgerows and canal banks have proved an ideal location for a num-
ber of diverse species to thrive in this tranquil and often unique environment.
and at your own pace - is by walking. Whether you are looking for organised
or independent towpath walks, we can help you with your planning. Each
waterway office can supply information on circular walks, waterside pubs
plus suggested routes and specific points of tnterest. There are many sta-
tions within easy reach of the Grand Union Canal. Why not try a one-way
walk, returning to your starting point by train?
We're keen to encourage both experienced and inexperienced anglers
onto the well-stocked canal network and reservoirs. We lease certain sec-
Before you fish, check with your local British Waterways office for informa-
tion on access and availability. Rod licenses are obligatory, and can be
obtained from your local post office.
Last but not least, the towpaths are wonderful for cycling. Free of
traffic, free of fumes and free of hills. Miles of accessible towpaths through
some of fngland's finest countryside. We can all share the delights of the
canal system so please be considerate to other users. Surfaces vary from
stony pathways to smooth asphalt - but that's all part of the enjoyment!
Now you will hear Parl 2 again. That's the end of Part 2.
Part 3
You will hear part of a radio interview with the comedian, Lenny
Henry. For questions 15-20, choose the answer (A, B, C or D),
which fits best according to what you hear.
Interviewer: Lenny, you are currently studying English literature with the
)pen Universify. Why English Literature? And why the Open University?
Lenny: All of the people I admire in showbiz are very, very smart. Quite a
lot of them have been to university and benefited from it. Doing my BA is
really helping me to structure my thoughts. lt's helped me to understand
that good work is not an accident. You know the best writers like Flaubert
and George Eliot and people like that took a long time to plan their work
and the Open University has shown me that if you take the time to plan your
work and structure it properly, you can do well. lt's just helped me organise
my thoughts a bit better and I think the challenge of producing an essay
every month or so is good, it keeps me on my toes.
lnterviewer: Why do you think comedy is such a powerful fundraising tool?
Lenny: I think it's powerful because if l'm going to communicate with an
audience they remember something I said with a bit of a twinkle in the eye
better than boring old facts. There is a lot of really heartbreaking and mov-
ing documentary stuff on the Comic Relief night and if we can make people
laugh in between it softens the blow and cushions the effect of the harder
stuff we show.
lnterviewer: This year is the tenth anniversary of Comic Relief, but there's
still a lot of poverty out there. Do you think it has made a real difference?
Lenny: I think it has made an immense difference. lt's empowered the public,
given them the ideas and tools to raise money off their own back without
anybody telling them what to do. I think it's fantastic when I come to Africa
and I see the grain banks, the new wells that have been built, the children
being inoculated and terraced mountains that have been funded by Comic
Relief. There are huge problems in Africa like HIV and Aids, but a drip of water
can erode a rock and I think Comic Relief is becoming a strong and mighty
drip. We've got to keep going until the rock dissolves and it will dissolve but
it's going to take a long time, so people have to stay committed.
I lnterviewer: Work for Comic Relief has taken you to some pretty
depressing places. How does seeing people coping with terrible poverty
affect you personally?
Debre Zeit where I watched this wonderful care worker called Fanti visiting
various people who were suffering from HlV. Even though these people were
in immense pain, there was a lot of dignity involved. And what's wonderful is
Comic Relief, by funding people like Fanti, are doing something to help.
lnterviewer: You've received numerous accolades and awards during your
career and you are a husband and father and a mammoth fundraiser. Do you
have any ambitions left?
Lenny: I'd like to write something on my own that I feel was a good piece
of work, and the only way I'm going to do that is if I have confidence and
faith in my own ability. I've always worked with other writers. There's nothing
wrong with collaborating but l'd love to write something on my own and
know it was good before I gave it to someone else to read. I think the Open
University is helping me to judge my work in a way that writing something
and giving it to someone to read for me simply doesn't.
Now you'll hear Part 3 again. That's the end of Part 3.
Part 4
Part 4 consists of two tasks.
You will hear five short extracts in which people are talking
about animals. For questions 21-25, choose from the list A-H the
person who is speaking. Now look at task 2. For questions 26-30,
choose from the list A-H what each speaker is expressing. While
you listen you must complete both tasks.
Speaker 1 Now you will hear the recording again.
I'm proud of the relationship we have with the animals. lt's not always easy
here, and there are days when I get deeply upset because an animal is sick
and nothing can be done to save it. 0n the other hand, we're doing some
wonderful things in the way of conservation and we are linked up with satel-
lites and with other institutions worldwide to keep track of certain species.
The value of this work cannot be underestimated. We are protecting differ-
ent species for future generations to enjoy.
Speaker 2
I was always a very active person and I've always been surrounded by ani-
mals, As a child we would have several cats and dogs in the house. Now that
I live in sheltered housing, my dog is good company for me. I'd be tempted
not to leave the house at all some days, but he gives me a reason to get
some fresh air and exercise. I think I'd put on a lot of weight if I didn't have
him. He keeps me young at heart too. 0n the whole, I prefer my own compa-
ny but you do chat to people a lot when you have a dog. They are good ice
breakers.
Speaker 3
I have immense respect for animals. Well, let's face it, my life would be total-
ly different without them. lt's not just about companionship, it's mutual trust.
We couldn't do without each other. What we could do without is people on
the street coming up to us and causing a distraction. I can understand why
it happens but people don't stop to think. Basically, she's doing a job and
people forget that.
Speaker 4
It's surprising how common animal allergies are. I've been allergic to cats all
my life. My eyes start to water and I have trouble breathing. I have a lot of
patients with allergies of various kinds and f inding the cause of the allergic'
reaction can be quite tricky at times. I have one patient who is seriously
allergic to her dog but she insists on keeping it. Now that to me doesn't
make any sense at all - no matter how attached they may be to the animal.
Speaker 5
I have great respect for all the animals that I work with. Some people may
not approve of what I do or they may wonder how I can be so brave. Really
that's not what it's all about. lt's to do with years of training and experience
and knowing what you are doing. There's no room for error in this job. We
used to have endangered species, but the climate has changed now and they
are no longer part of the show.
Now you'll hear Part 4 again. That's the end of Part 4.
Part 1
TEST 2
You'll hear three different extracts. For questions 1-6, choose
the answer (A, B or G) which fits best according to what you
hear. There are two questions for each extract.
EXTRACT 1 involved in the release process. As a next step, I'd see myself as a Practice
You will hear two people talking about a problem at work.
Now look at questions I and 2.
Man: One of my colleagues is always complaining about his job, or moan-
ing about our boss, or the company's management. lt's making other team
members dissatisfied because some of his complaints are true and it's creat-
ed a very negative atmosphere. I've tried to speak to him about it, but now
he just thinks I'm trying to be the boss' favourite.
Woman: Well, I'm not trying to question your analysis of the problem or your
motives for trying to sort it out, but I do suspect you've gone about trying to
solve it in a way that casts you, however unjustly, as a bit of a self-important
bore. Why don't two or three of you put your complaints to your boss in a fair
and constructive way? And, it might be a good idea to involve your unhappy
colleague in that.
Now you will hear the recording again.
EXTRACT 2
You will hear two people talking about how the woman got her
iob. Now look at questions 3 and 4.
Janet: I'm glad you persuaded me to go to the recruitment fair. lt was
nothing like I thought it would be.
Paul: Yes, it was really interesting.
Janet: I was quite sure that I would become a translator before I went to
the fair because I was just about to finish my degree in modern languages.
I
wandered up to a stall that was promoting careers in Public Relations, just
to have a nose really. I was blown away. lt seemed perfect to suit my skills
and interests.
Paul: Well, I'd been looking for a job in the papers and in employment agen-
cies and I didn't find anything at the fair, but one of the employees I spoke to
there passed on my CV to the marketing and business development manager
and a week later I was invited for an interview. I couldn't believe my luck when
they offered me the position.
EXTRACT 3
You will hear two people talking about the man's job as a prison
officer. Now look at questions 5 and 6.
Man: lt's not just a job for.men you know and it's a career where you can
achieve promotion very quickly.
Woman: What's the salary like?
Man: Typically, graduates who join can expect to earn S28,000 within a
year and achieve two promotions within the first two years. 0f course, you
can join up straight from school but it will take you longer to get to a high-
er position such as management.
Woman: To be honest, I didn't think I could ever do your job. You've got to
be out of your mind to want to work with dangerous people like that, plus I
wouldn't have the courage to face violent criminals. You never know what
they are going to do next.
Man: Well, I just wanted to be sure of a career where I could do well with'
out having to wait until I was a lot older.
Now you will hear the recording again. That's the end of Part 1
Part 2
You will hear a woman talking about her job as a probation off i-
cer. For questions 7-14, complete the sentences.
Woman: My background is from a family of six children from a council
estate where I saw friends drift in and out of crime. I had a desire to help
people see that there are choices in life. I was interested in probation work
but having left school with little in the way of qualifications, I never thought I
could do it. lt was only after taking an lQ test that I realised that I might
have a chance.
After leaving school, I joined the army. Then I started to study for a
degree in Health and Social care. At the same time I was a volunteer for the
St. John's Ambulance Service, the Probation Service and at a residential chil-
dren's school. Then I applied to be a trainee probation officer.
Time management is the most important skill, especially the need to priori-
tise deadlines, read and digest information and then write clear reports for
the courts. I also have to be able to interact with people from all walks of
life. There is a lot of one-to-one work with offenders and this requires you to
work through both your own and their emotional barriers.
Every day is different. 0f a working week, about three days are spent in
the office with the remainder split between prison and being in court.
The best thing is that you get to work with a huge spectrum of people
from the homeless to professionals who have made mistakes. The worst
thing is that the job is generally very pressured and there are times when
you have to engage with people that have committed crimes that involve
domestic violence. That is really hard to take.
My role is currently that of Case Manager where I manage up to 35 offend-
ers at one time. I liaise with the courts which is basically providing guidance
on the best sentence for people to be given. I also visit prisons where I am
Manager, monitoring a team and ultimately I'd like to be a senior Probation
Off icer.
Now you will hear Parl 2 again. That's the end ol Part 2.
Part 3
You will hear part of a radio interview with an economist.
For questions 15-20, choose the answer (A, B, C or D), which fits
best according to what you hear.
lnterviewer: Today we have the economist, Jim Bower in the studio. Jim,
according to the government's Women and Work Commission, women are
still earning 17% less than men. Now the government has released new poli-
cies to tackle gender equalities in pay, but will they be enough?
Jim: Well, according to the Fawcett Society, under the current system it will
take about 80 years before women working full-time earn as much as their
male counterparts, and 140 years before part-time female workers catch up
with men. Despite girls consistently outperforming boys at GCSE, A level and
Degree, findings show that within three years of graduating women are still
earning less than men.
lnterviewer: So would you say that inequality starts in the classroom?
Jim: According to the Equal Opportunities Commission,15% of young people
in school are neither given advice nor encouraged into work experience
placements in professions dominated by the opposite sex. The government's
response in schools is being praised by most, and involves introducing new
schemes to give young girls better understanding of the wider choice of
careers available to them, but there is still room for improvement.
lnterviewer: Do you think that the government is missing the point?
Jim: Well, instead of closing the gap between wages of men and women in
careers that require similar skill levels, the government is instead planning to
spend f20 million to raise the skill level of women working in these roles,
encouraging them to change careers altogether. This policy will only reduce
the available 'woman-power' in these lower paid jobs. What we have to do is
revalue the kind of work that women are doing such as cleaning, catering
and caring for others - we've got to value it more highly.
lnterviewer: ls it true to say that children cost mothers more than fathers?
Jim: According to the London School of Economics, mothers who returned
to their previous jobs as part-timers quickly fell behind their male colleagues
financially, and those that entered new jobs on a part-time basis did even
worse. Currently many companies still conform to 'stuffed shirt' policies that
have no openings for part-time workers in senior positions. This is forcing a
large workforce of highly skilled and qualified women with young children out
of the boardroom, because they cannot deliver a 4O-plus-hour week, and into
jobs below their capabilities. Basically, the whole system still needs further
reform if women are to have equal rights in the workplace and be able to
bring up a family too.
lnterviewer: l'm afraid that's all we have time for today. Jim, thank you
very much.
Jim: My pleasure.
Now you'll hear Part 3 again. That's the end of Part 3
Part 4
Part 4 consists of two tasks.
You will hear five short extracts in which people are talking
about work. For questions 2L-25, choose from the list A-H the
person who is speaking. Now look at task 2. For questions 26-30,
choose from the list A-H what each speaker is expressing. While
you listen you must complete both tasks.
Speaker 1
lf you put all the country's chief executives in one room, all they would pro-
duce would be a range of share options that would only benefit themselves
and a load of corporate waffle and gossip. We are the people that actually
organise and I'ay out coherently all the facts and figures. They wouldn't even
remember half of what was said if we didn't record it for them. You'd be
surprised what we know about a business. Our internal knowledge should
never be underestimated. I suppose I could earn a small fortune blackmailing
the many bosses I've had over the years.
Speaker 2
One thing I've learned quickly is never offer to make coffee. ln many busi-
nesses there is a ritual where everyone waits hours for the first person to
say, "Who wants coffee?" That person then finds themselves in the kitchen
for the rest of the day working as a junior catering manager. I should know,
it happened to me when I first started here. Being the new person leaves
you vulnerable, especially as l'm kind of on the lowest rung on the ladder.
Once I'm qualified, I'm going to get someone else to make coffee for me!
Speaker 3
I run a tight ship and the secret is not to allow time wasting. Half of every
working day is spent in meetings, half of which are not worth having, half the
time is wasted. Which means that nearly one third of office life is spent in
small rooms with people you don't like, doing things that don't matter. The
only reason people have so many meetings is that they are the one time you
can get away from your work, your phone or your customers. People say
that the secret of a good meeting is preparation. But if people really pre'
pared for meetings, the first thing they would realise is that most are unnec-
essary. ln fact, a tightly run meeting is one of the most frightening things in
office life. These are meetings for which you have to prepare, in which you
have to work and after which you have to take action.
Speaker 4
I've always had a strong work ethic. I believe that the best way to approach
work is to write a list at the end of each day of what has to be achieved
the next day. Then, get the most important jobs done first. Most people do
the opposite and do the easy, trivial things first, but that difficult report is
not going to go away. I still maintain a routine in my life, although, of course,
the activities and jobs to be done have changed quite a lot. The working
environment is so different from my day. I'm not exactly a technophobe, but
m glad I haven't got to learn how to do everything by computer. I escaped
the technological rat race just in time.
Speaker 5
I have to deal with everyone in the company to some extent. Everyone
knows me and I believe it's important to try to keep some harmony between
my fellow workers. Being the first face they see, I try to be cheerful even if
I'm not feeling on top form. Think how easy it is to upset someone at home
and then triple it: that's how easy it is to upset someone at work. Upsetting
your boss is the easiest thing to do. All you have to do is turn up and you
are in their bad books. Keeping on the right side of them is simply a matter
of anticipating their every whim and laughing at their pathetic jokes. People
at the bottom are also easily upset. Helping them do their job is only going
to be appreciated if you are the undisputed master of what they are trying
to do.
Now you'll hear Part 4 again. That's the end of Part 4.
Part I TEST 3
You'll hear three different extracts. For questions L-6, choose
the answer (A, B or C) which fits best according to what you
hear. There are two questions for each extract.
EXTRACT 1
You will hear part of a radio interview.
Now look at questions I and 2.
lnterviewer: Drivers will soon have to pay tolls to use Britain's roads - or
face sitting in endless traffic jams, it has been claimed. A study by Bob Aldridge,
a former British airways chief executive has suggested that the move would
cut congestion in half. Bob, is this true?
Bob: Yes, unless steps are taken, Britain will soon grind to a halt, with 13%
of traffic reduced to stop-start conditions by 2025 and there will certainly
be more overcrowding on trains.
lnterviewer: So are you in favour of road pricing?
Bob: Yes, good transport has a direct effect on the economy. But money
raised in any road pricing scheme must be ploughed back into transport net-
work improvements. Air travellers should pay the full environmental costs of
their journey to make the industry sustainable but I think there is still a case
for expanding airport capacity. I don't however, believe there is much evi-
dence in favour of building new high-speed rail lines. Longer trains would be
more cost-efficient.
Now you will hear the recording again.
EXTRACT 2
You will hear two friends talking about a trip one of them went
on. Now look at questions 3 and 4.
man: Don't you worry about travelling on your own abroad?
Woman: I lost count of the number of people who told me it was danger-
ous for a woman to be travelling on her own. As someone whose only expe-
rience of crime was being mugged outside my own home in London, I never
felt that I was taking any extra risks. Then again, I was always extremely
careful, plus it seems that believing the best about a place and its people is
often the very thing that helps keep you safe.
Man: But what about what happened to you in Thailand, with the military
coup? That must have been terrifying.
Woman: Well I know the media showed chaotic scenes with both tourists
and locals looking frightened and bewildered but by the following morning it
became clear that the coup had been bloodless and well organised and as
coups went, it almost wasn't exciting enough. I was fascinated by the whole
event so I didn't really have time to freak out. You ought to go to Thailand
it's a wonderful place.
Now you will hear the recording again.
EXTRACT 3
You will hear two people talking about digital cameras.
Now look at questions 5 and 6.
Woman: You are the camera expert. What kind of camera should I buy for
my trip to Africa?
Man: Well, that depends why you are taking photographs.
Woman: Well, it's not simply to have something to laugh over in the pub
after and I'm not bothered about creating the greetings cards that I used to
do although I suppose I might show them somewhere one day. lt's more
important to me that I have images to keep that reflect my own personal
experience of the places. I'm not interested in taking typical pretty tourist
shots.
Man: Well, you probably need a good quality camera for what you want to
do. There are so many on the market now, it can be difficult to choose the
most appropriate one. lf you just wanted to take snaps you would only need
one of the smaller size digital cameras. 0n the other hand a good digital
camera with all the extras will satlsfy your requirements. You don't need a Conrad: Well, for a start forget the hardcore all-in-one skates. Learn from
big bulky film camera these days to get a professional image.
Now you will hear the recording again. That's the end of Part I attached to them. They're cheap to buy secondhand or new. Never skate
Part 2 where the ice has been checked for strength. Avoid ice under bridges, near
You will hear a radio report about British people buying holiday
homes abroad. For questions 7-14, complete the sentences.
Speaker: Attracted by the prospect of their own place in the sun and an
easy way of making money, the number of British people owning a second
home abroad is booming as never before. Around 800,000 British households
now own a second home abroad, up by 15 percent since June 2004, accord-
ing to research published this week.
The boom has been fuelled by television programmes about people buying
abroad and assisted by the nse in property values in Britain, low interest
rates and the availability of cheap no-thrill flights. A better climate remains
the main reason, with more than half of the nearly 2,000 people questioned
giving that as their principal reason for buying overseas. However, an
increasing number are seeking to invest in new-builds, with 40 per cent of
respondents saying that making money was their prime motivation, while 38
percent wanted a future retirement property and somewhere to take their family.
A senior financial analyst said that the property boom has increased levels of
housing equity while the low interest rate environment has allowed other
prospective property purchasers to take advantage of relatively cheap borrowing.
Overall, Spain remains the most popular destination for living abroad, with 43
percent naming it as their preferred location; next is France, followed by
Australia and ltaly. Despite the increased interest in eastern European coun-
tries, they still remain a target for a minority, with only 7 percent choosing
such destinations.
People like Bulgaria, because it is a short flight from London, enjoys a
Mediterranean-style climate in summer as well as skiing in the winter. lt has
safe swimming in the Black Sea and boasts the cheapest property prices in
Europe. Additionally, it is about to join the EU and low-cost airlines are
expected to expand their routes there.
However, many of the latest wave of buyers plunged in without considering
the consequences after watching television programmes. Generally, it tends
to work better if you want a holiday home rather than an investment,
because a lot of people don't realise that tax and inheritance laws are differ-
ent abroad. Plus, ownership rights can also be problematic.
Now you will hear Part 2 again. That's the end of Parl 2.
Part 3
You will hear an interview with a man who enjoys ice-skating in
the Netherlands. For questions 15-20, choose the answer (A, B, C
or D), which f its best according to what you hear.
lnterviewer: When winter comes, get yourself to the Netherlands, strap on
some skates and swoop along the canals and frozen fields. For Conrad
Wimmer, it's the only way to travel. Conrad, how did your passion for skat-
jng begin?
Conrad: Well, my passion started 15 years ago when I was living in the
canal-crossed city of Delft during a ten-day freeze. I'd already studied skat-
ing technique as demonstrated by the muffled-up skaters in the paintings of
Averkamp and Brueghal. I joined friends to swoop and glide across the ice. Well
actually it was more skids and tumbles, but with a bit of practice on the local
duck pond I mastered a rough approximation of the classic skate pose. Hands
clasped behind my back, and legs lazily scissoring back and forth.
Interviewer: So how can someone join in with this wonderful ice frolicking?
Conrad: Ah, there's the problem. Unlike mountains or oceans, which are
always there to climb up or sail across, a good freeze only comes from a
win in the climatic lottery. Thus the chance for the Dutch to be wild adven-
turers on their own land comes only every few years.
lnterviewer: And then, lguess, a few keen skaters skid around on the ice
for a day or two, right?
Conrad: No, actually. Pretty much the whole country closes down while
everyone takes to the ice. Kids traditionally demand ice time, but then so do
all the adults!
lnterviewer: Still, surely you must need to be an obsessive skater to
attempt the long tours?
Conrad: Only if you want to skate the 20Okm cross-country race around
the eleven citres course in less than seven hours. Even then, 16,000 non-rac-
ing amateurs start before dawn to follow the same 200km, with most man-
aging to cross the finish line before midnight. But racing aside, if you explore
the frozen canals of the Netherlands you'll enter the wonderful, romantic
world of the authentic, traditional Netherlands - a country of hidden farm-
yards, lazy cattle and interesting locals who look as though they are from
another era. You'll glide across solidified frozen lakes with fish frozen into
the ice. Occasionally signs will lean out of holes in the ice announcing dan-
gerous ice as the surface cracks and groans with shifting temperatures. And
you'll see lines of laughing skaters shooting past like colourful water snakes.
Interviewer: Finally Conrad, do you have any tips for the novice skater?
the skaters on the old paintings who wore normal boots with blades
alone, or away from other skaters, and always stick to recognised routes
to factory outflows, under trees or close to locks. Fields flooded to make
outdoor rinks provide the safest place to learn on.
Figuring out how to stop should be your first priority, and for goodness'
sake keep warm. Speedy skaters - you never know, you might be a natural! -
tuck sheets of newspaper down the front of their trousers to avoid windchill-
assisted hypothermia.
Now you'll hear Part 3 again. That's the end of Part 3
Part 4
Part 4 consists of two tasks.
You will hear five short extracts in which people are talking
about their experiences travelling abroad. For questions 21-25,
choose from the list A-H the person who is speaking. Now look
at task 2. For questions 26-30, choose f rom the list A-H what
each speaker is expressing. While you listen you must complete
both tasks.
Speaker 1
I've worked here for many years and it is now possible to tackle the Sydney
Harbour Bridge from the inside. Since 1998 visitors have been able to teeter
over the top of the structure, if they were brave enough, to reach the apex,
134m above the sea. The new climb, through the core of its construction,
means you can now marvel at this much-loved landmark from the interior. ln
addition to the stomach-churning views of the harbour, you get to climb up
the staircase between the inner and the outer arches to reach the top. I can
tell you, this is what's really attracting the crowds. I've never been so busy!
Speaker 2
I've just returned from my 67th visit to lceland. But when I mentioned this
interesting fact to a friend he politely pointed out that I was pathetically
sad. Don't I have anything better to do than count how many times I've been
to the same place, and haven't I recorded everything there is to know about
it? Bui actually I don't agree with him. Well not entirely anyway. I think it's
been time well spent. But on the other hand, maybe he has got a point. Can I
justify going back to lceland? I do love it there, or should I strive to go
somewhere new every time I go away now so thai I really broaden my hori-
zons? We'll see.
Speaker 3
I thought my days in Colombia's coffee region would begin with a freshly
ground coffee and perhaps a maize cake and some scrambled eggs while I
gazed at the misi rising in the valleys. I couldn't have been more wrong. We
were up at the crack of dawn and marching up the mountain before I was
really awake. Once we'd reach a fair way up the instructors from ihe nearby
town, attached a wire to the cable above me in a casual manner as I won-
dered how safe the clips were, They assured rne that everything was fine
and before I knew it I was speeding across the coffee plantations, held on
only by the aforementioned, dubious clips and cable. 0f course, ihey were
right and I had the ride of my life and remained in one piece.
Speaker 4
It was mid-August and I was on a ferry that was more crowded than an
lndian river boat. I had a few hours in between flying back to the UK and I
thought I'd pop over to see the joys of Venice. My family had flown out for a
few days and I'd met up with them while I was off duty. As Campanile came
into view, it looked stunning.
"ls it really floating in the water?" asked my two children nervously. They
looked shocked when I told them that it was actually sinking. As soon as we
disembarked, Joe stamped his foot on the pavement and his younger sister
looked up at me expectantly.
"There you go, safe as houses." I said. They seemed reassured but I got
some funny looks from the locals.
Speaker 5
It was a beautiful drive down to the ltalian forest on our search for
truffles. I was with one of the world's experts on fungi and I could think of
nobody better qualified to teach me how to prepare this delicacy. We went
armed with a funny-looking helper in the form of Kiki, a scruffy, grey-haired
dog that bounded out of the truck with great enthusiasm when we finally
stopped in the forest.
"He never fails me." said my companion. lt seemed that kiki was the
region's best truffle hunter. I found this a little incredible. How could a dog
find truffles buried in the ground, especially in such a dense forest with so
much thick vegetation on the ground? But my doubts were proved to be
unfounded. Kiki certainly was the canine king of truffle hunting. That night we
dined on the exquisite rewards of our hunt and I had another delicacy to
pass on to my customers back home.
Now you'll hear Part 4 again. That's the end of Part 4.

Part 1
TEST 4
You'll hear three different extracts. For questions L-6, choose
the answer (A, B or C) which fits best according to what you
hear. There are two questions for each extract.
EXTRACT T.
You will hear two people talking about their grandparents.
Now look at questions I and 2.
Man: l've just got back from visiting my grandfather. lt's been ages since
last saw him. I really miss him now that we live so far apart.
Woman: Where does he live?
Man: Up in Scotland in a tiny fishing village. lt's beautiful up there and it
really suits his character as it's such a serene and isolated place and yet
there's a really warm community spirit.
Woman: All my grandparents have passed away, sadly. But, my father's par-
ents were great fun when we were kids. We used to do all sorts of things
together.They usually had more energy than we did to be honest. They'd
take us on hikes over the hills and we could barely keep up with their great
strides. They thought it was hilarious, watching us panting behind them.
Now you will hear the recording again.
EXTRACT 2
You will hear two people talking about their childhood.
Now look at questions 3 and 4.
Woman: You always got away with murder because you were the baby of
the family.
Man: No, I was just better behaved than you.
Woman: Sure you were. That's why you were always finding excuses for all
the things you did and blaming stuff on us when you were about to get
caught.
Man: lt's not my fault if I was smarter than you.
Woman: Cunning would be a better way of putting it. lt had nothing to do
with intelligence. ln fact, you were a bit of a dunce at primary school.
Man: 0h cheers! Well I certainly made up for it didn't l? Where's your degree
then clever clogs?
Now you will hear the recording again.
EXTRACT 3
You will hear two people talking about their partners.
Now look at questions 5 and 6.
Paul: How are things between you and Brian, Jenny?
Jenny: 0h you know, the same old situation. I don't see why he bothered to
propose. I doubt if we will ever get round to tying the knot. I think his
divorce really affected him more deeply than he's prepared to admit.
Paul: Don't be so harsh on him. You need to look on the bright side. You
have a great relationship and the very fact that he has proposed shows that
he's committed to you. He just needs a bit more reassurance. Be supportive
and have some fun together. You two both work too hard.
Now you will hear the recording again. That's the end of Part I and have related problems with sleeping.
Part 2
You will hear a report about the Ll-plus exam in Britain. For
questions 7-14, complete the sentences.
Speaker: Children as young as eight are being tutored to pass the 11-plus
exam as competition for grammar school places increases. But many strug-
gle when they arrive and the experience can be damaging, say leading head-
teachers. Experts also say, over-tutoring does not significantly help. The
warnings follow a Times investigation which found that parents are spending
up to f1,500-a-year on personal tutors to get their children into the 164 sur-
viving grammar schools. These schools admit to receiving, on average, five
applications for every place.
Headteachers warned this week that the practice could be damaging
children's confidence and risks undermining academic performance later in
school life. Dr Mike Walker, headmaster of a grammar school in Chelmsford
said that the nature of 11-plus type exams requires accuracy at speed, and
with unpredictable questions, tutoring can only teach familiarity and tech-
nique. What is fundamentally important is what's appropriate for an individual.
lf a child is tutored above their natural level of capability for any exam then
they could have a miserable time on joining the school.
The Grammar School Association estimates that 75,000 children
annually sit the 1l-plus for only 20,000 places. lts chairman said that children
should not be pushed beyond their natural ability to pass the 1l-plus. lf they
are over-tutored then there is a chance they may become unhappy during
their subsequent seven years at school.
A study by Bristol University in 2004 showed that children from dis-
advantaged backgrounds are less likely to go to grammar schools than their
more affluent peers, even are just as clever. ln the 19 counties where
significant selection remains, just 2 per cent of pupils attending grammar
schools are entitled to free school meals, compared with 12 per cent at
other secondary schools in those areas.
The number of children being tutored to pass the 1i-plus has been
fuelled by the growth in websites offering coaching for children. Prices for
online tutoring differ hugely, but some parents are paying up to f 1,500 for
one-year courses. One web-based tutoring service offers a 9i-hour course
costing f 1,365 with an additional f285 for materials. Tutors offer contradic-
tory advice about the suitability of courses as preparation for the 1i-plus.
One website claims these courses gradually prepare children as young as
I eight for the exam, but another suggests that it is never too late to start
preparation.
Now you will hear Part 2 again. That's the end of Part 2.
Part 3
You will hear two psychologists talking about modern childhood.
For questions 15-20, choose the answer (A, B, C or D), which fits
best according to what you hear.
Daniel: I hope this isn't going to deteriorate into a "What is childhood?" dis-
cussion- the one about solemn little miniature adults in old portraits and
infants who toiled from dawn to dusk in the fields, and poor unfortunates
whipped within an inch of their lives by sadistic schoolteachers. 0r, alterna-
tively, a debate about the adventures of Huck Finn and the Famous Five, and
apparent carefree innocence. There have been many versions of childhood in
fact and fiction, and I dare say there'll be many more.
Louise: Well, according to a recent newspaper report, childhood is dying. So
those cheeky little scamps I saw challenging each other to throw their school
bags on top of a bus-stop must have been a figment of my imagination. Or
perhaps they were making a political stand against the rigidities of the for-
mal curriculum. Who knows? Apparently a group of adults do. Academics and
professionals have put their signatures to a letter, subsequently championed
by the Daily Telegraph newspaper and the Tory Party, articulating the fall of
childhood innocence. My heart is with the sentiments of this campaign, but I
worry that it loses sight of practical wisdom.
Daniel: At birth, all children are distractible, impulsive, egocentric creatures,
but by the time they reach teenage years we expect them - as a result of
their experiences, environment and education - to have acquired a degree of
self-control, an ability to see other people's points of view and the basic
skills needed to enjoy their life ahead.
It's the development from babyhood to adolescence that I investigated for
my book, Toxic Childhood, and my conclusion was that many children in
Britain today are indeed being robbed of the chance of a healthy childhood.
Many reach adolescence with poor attention spans and self-control and a
disttnct lack of empathy for the people around them. Their main basic skill is
ticking boxes on tests, and this is scandalous.
Louise: As one of the richest, most highly developed nations in the world,
we really should be able to provide the sort of childhood that allows the
next generation to grow up happy, healthy and civilised. lnstead many of our
children have developed a taste for unhealthy food, a couch-potato lifestyle
An unacceptable number suffer from inadequate early emotional bond-
ing, lack of interaction with their parents and a high level of emotional insta-
bility. Rather than stimulating, real-life experiences, children have TV and
computer games at home and a narrow test-and-target driven curriculum at
school.
Moral guidance has suffered as societies have become increasingly
confused, while children are constantly exposed to manipulative advertising
and the excesses of celebrity culture. ln a recent survey of children's well-
being among the countries of the European Union, the UK came 21st out of
25. We should be ashamed of ourselves.
Daniel: Yes, I believe we are robbing our children of something we could
provide: the conditions in which we grow up bright, balanced and well-
behaved. Somehow in the turmoil of rapid social, cultural and technological
change over the last 20 years or so, our society has lost sight of essential
truths about child development and education.
As a nation, we need to provide parents with information on chil-
dren's developmental needs, including real food, real play, first-hand experi-
ence and real-life interaction with the significant adults in their lives. Since
parents are terrified by media hysteria about "stranger danger" and the
fevered imaginings of the health arid safety lobby, they also need information
about the real dangers from which children should be protected - for
instance, TVs and other technological paraphernalia in their bedrooms.
As a profession, teachers should refuse to participate in the drive to
accelerate childhood with an ever-earlier start to formal education and a
competitive winners-and-losers approach to primary education. We should
boycott the tests, targets and league tables and do what we as profession-
als know is best for children. lt's time we stopped robbing the next genera-
tion of their right to grow up healthy, happy and whole.
Now you'll hear Part 3 again. That's the end of Part 3

Part 4
Parl 4 consists of two tasks. You will hear f ive short extracts in
which people are talking about workaholism. For questions 2l'25,
choose from the list A-H the person who is speaking. Now look
at task 2. For questions 26-30, choose from the list A-H what
each speaker is expressing. While you listen you must complete
both tasks.
Speaker I You'll hear three different extracts. For questions 1'6, choose
The word 'workaholic' implies we're addicted to work in the way that
alcoholics are addicted to drink; that we are out of control. And I see no evi-
dence anywhere to suggest that there has been an increase in actual addic-
tion to work. l'm out and about and work strange hours, depending on what's
happening in the world on a particular day. ln today's labour market of flex-
itime and remote working, we probably work fewer hours overall. And the
people who are working too hard are not the poor masses, they are the cor-
porate lawyers in air-conditioned offices; the senior people who manage their
own working hours.
Most of them are not paid overtime, so the obvious conclusion is
that they are working because they're committed to what they're doing. lt's
not something that's going to be solved by governments or regulations: pre-
dominantly, it's an internal conflict. I really wanted to be good at my job and
I enjoy presenting the facts in an honest and unbiased way. That involves a
lot of research and a lot of time out at events and incidents. But, I also
want to go home and spend time with my kids.
Speaker 2
I worked for years with companies such as Saatchi, and I'd regularly
be up at 5am. I did it because I was passionate about my work, and com-
manding good money, and that's a heady thing to resist. I prided myself on
my creativity and the fact that my work directly increased the turnover and
status of the companies I promoted. I had a sleeping bag under my desk at
work and eventually when my wife threw me out, I lived in the storeroom.
One day my brain just went 'bang'. I came home from work and it was as if
my whole body had shut down. I had to create some boundaries, to safe-
guard my home life, creaiivity and sanity,
Today, I have my own business. I do the same thing as I did before
but I'm usually home by 6.30pm and with the kids at weekends. The key has
been working less, and more intuitively. Workaholism is not about putting in
the necessary hours, it's about not being able to make up your mind. lt's lack
of clarity, hedging bets, staying late and going with 60 options instead of the
one righi one.
Speaker 3
My stresses are not the stresses of a managing director in the City,
but they are financial and physical: stooping down, straining my back, carry-
ing heavy equipment every day. You have to make a lot of sacrifices just to
survive in a city like London. The cost of living is very high and it's hard to
find work. I would like to work as an administrator or a translator but
because I have bills to pay I do a manual, boring job because I know I can
rely on the work. I work probably 45 hours a week to be able to afford my
lifestyle - which is a room in a shared household with many other people. I'm
not complaining. lt's OK, it is honest work and it keeps me fit, but it is not
necessarily what I imagined myself doing at 38. Maybe a managing director
lives to work, but I am working to live. lf he is a workaholic, it is because he
loves his job. That is a privilege and a luxury. lf he works too much it is out
of choice; lf I work too much it is out of necessity.
Speaker 4
I love my job. I am a conscientious worker. I spend most of my time
working and my mind is always full of work. Mentally you're always on duty
with this kind of work. I believe we all have a need to be a functioning part
of society and, strange as it sounds, just having to pay my taxes makes me
feel as though I'm contributing to society. As a nation, our identities are
bound up with our jobs. ln my job there is an element of danger and so there
has to be discipline and order but it also defines who I am. The first question
people ask each other is, 'What do you do?' But there is a line between a
committed, contributing and conscientious worker and somebody who really
doesn't know when to put his pen down and go home. lf workaholism is on
the rise, then that's a sad symptom of modern life. These are people who
don't watch their children grow up because they are too busy playing golf
with the boss. Sadly, they are also the ones who seem to die within two or
three years of retiring.
Speaker 5
I have brought my workaholic attitude over with me. I'm in the office
at the crack of dawn until early evening, dealing with branches all over the
world. I haven't Seen any worrying evidence of workaholism here. People here
take their work/life balance pretty seriously; they are religious about their
weekends. You get 27 days holiday here, and feel an obligation to take all
27. ln the US, in my field, no one ever took all 20 holiday days. After all, the
world of finance never really stops for a break. I also find the Brits mix work
and socialising to a far greater extent than we do in the States. Here, you
can't get going on a Monday morning unless you first ask about people's
ffi not to engage in that kind of nicety. There is
something to be said for civility, but at times it can get in the way of
progress.
Now you'll hear Part 4 agatn. That's the end of Part 4.
TEST 5
Part 1
the answer (A, B or C) which fits best according to what you
hear. There are two questions for each extract.
EXTRACT 1
You will hear two people talking about wildlife in the area they
live in. Now look at questions 1 and 2'
Man: You know, I find it quite astounding the way that people flock through
this area to go birdwatching and yet on route they are completely oblivious
to the marvel of the birds here on [in] the Lowlands.
Woman: I know. Every Friday night when I'm driving home from the shop,
the moto.rway plays host to a rush of weekend visitors, buzzing past the flat
lowlands, on their way to the hillier areas of Dartmoor and Exmoor.
Man: lt seems it's a locals' well-kept secret that the starlings' dance in the
sky here is probably one of the best natural sights there is to be seen in
this area. lt makes me want to stop them all and tell them.
Woman: Maybe it's not such a bad thing. They'd start to build tea shops
and car parks and the area would be ruined.
Now you will hear the recording again.
EXTRACT 2
You will hear two people talking about a disturbance in the
night. Now look at questions 3 and 4.
Woman: Did you hear that terrible racket last night?
Man: Yes, it woke me up.
Woman: lt sounded like a battleground. I thought it was a gang of young-
sters messing around at first.
Man: I went to investigate because I thought we might have prowlers.
Woman: There has been a spate of burglaries in this area recently. I did
consider calling the police but I couldn't see anyone out of the window.
Man: Well, from the meSS around our rubbish bins this morning it was obvi-
ous what it was as there was litter everywhere where it had been looking
for food.
Woman: Qur bins weren't touched but I'm glad my cat was in or it could
have been eaten, Now you will hear the recording again.
EXTRACT 3
You will hear two people discussing a site where domestic rub-
bish is officially dumped.
Now look at questions 5 and 6.
Woman: I can see why people are campaigning to block the new landfill
site as the one just outside town is pretty smelly and unsightly. But, on the
other hand, it provides food for many species of birds.
Man: Well, yes, it's a fact that some species have seen their numbers
increase substantially due to the abundance of insects and worms found on
or around the dumps.
Woman: lf the new site isn't opened - and in fact the original one may be
closed - it could send the bird population into decline again in this area.
Man: But it has been argued that birds feeding on these sites, regularly die
of poisoning.
Woman: I don't know if the council will opt for incineration instead of cre-
ating more tips, but I think that the smoke from the incinerators causes
more pollution than the tips do.
Man: I've heard that the whole thing has been put on hold until more
research can be carried out.
Now you will hear the recording again.
That's the end of Part I
Part 2
You will hear part of a radio report about marine life in the UK.
For questions 7-14, complete the sentences.
Speaker: Nowhere is the need'for the ecosystem-based management more
pressing than in British waters. According to WWF-UK, our marine environ-
ment is facing more problems than ever, not only from conventional threats
such as overfishing, pollution and coastal development, but also from sand
and gravel extraction and construction associated with off-shore wind farms
and the sequestration of carbon dioxide. Those species most in danger
include the turtle, shark, Atlantic salmon and pink coral, while such habitats
as salt marshes and seagrass and maerl beds also face considerable pressure.
At present, specific areas within UK waters are protected according to UK
and EU legisiation as Marine Nature Reserves or special Areas of
Conservation. But these areas are failing to halt the decline. Scientists rec-
ommend that 20-30 per cent of the marine environment should be fully pro-
tected from damaging and extractive activities. However, at present, the
only region in which all species and their habitats are managed in this way is
a 3.3-square- kilometre area off the east coast of Lundy lsland in the Bristol
Channel - a mere 0.002 per cent of our waters.
Organisations such as the MCS, the British Sub-aqua Club and WWF-UK are
currently campaigning for the creation of a network of highly protected
marine reserves - what the fishing industry would call no-take zones - where
all extractive activities are prohibited. Case studies from around the world
show that fully protected reserves are the only way to maintain marine bio-
diversity. lt's quite clear that the current system is inadequate. We have to
protect a representative number of habiiats as a whole if we are to stop
the decline of wildlife in UK waters. Not only do we need a network of pro-
tected areas, we should also manage fisheries from the perspective of biodi-
versity and the health of the ecosystem. Historically, we've always looked at
these things independently, so ai the policy level, fisheries aren't integrated
into the planning process. They are considered separately from environmen-
tal issues. So when fisheries councils consider stocks and quotas and so on,
they don't consider the environmental impact unless they have some impact
on the stock. We need an overall strategy for marine spatial management
that considers the impacts on biodiversity and ecosystems not just the stocks.
Now you will hear Part 2 again, That's the end ol Parl 2.
Part 3
You will hear part of a radio interview about fox hunting. For
questions 15-20, choose the answer (A, B, C or D), which fits best
according to what you hear.
lnterviewer (woman): Given that it's been two years since the ban on
hunting with hounds came into effect, it's a strange experience to attend a
fox hunt these days. Strange, because they seem to operate in the same
way they did before the ban. At a hunt in north Dorset, I waiched as hounds
sniffed around a thicket as if there were a fox hiding within it. lf a fox had
been there and it broke cover, the dogs would surely have given chase.
Today we have Brian Hook in the studio. Brian is a hunt monitor for the
lnternational Fund for Animal Welfare. Brian, what is the situation these days?
Brian: Well, Sally, it seems to us that most hunts have barely changed
Iheir modus operandt. A reasonable person seeing hounds chasing foxes from
one part of the countryside to the other would believe they are hunting. I
attend ai least three hunts a week during the season, but that's out of 200
that go out about twice a week. There is no way we can possibly know
what is going on everywhere.
Interviewer: Clearly monitoring hunts is never going to be a police priority
is it? But, it has to be said that this law has attempted to eradicate the
hunters' way of life and ihey will do anything to keep the infrastructure in
place.
Brian: Well there is another issue here and that is that it is very difficult for
the police to get a successful prosecution because you have to prove intent.
Hunts can go out with their hounds and draw them through a cover. lt's
called trail hunting and it's perfectly legal. lf the hounds chase, catch and kill
a fox, then in order to prosecute, the police need not only evidence, but
have to prove that the huntsman intended this to happen.
lnterviewer: But there have been successful prosecutions, haven't there?
Brian: Yes. ln 2006, Exmoor Foxhounds huntsman, Richard Black was found
guilty of breaking the ban after two hounds were filmed hunting a fox. Black
argued that he was using the hounds to flush the fox so that it could be
shot, which is permitted under an exemption to the act. But the magistrate
found that Black had failed to shoot the fox as soon as possible after it had
been flushed, and to keep the hounds under his control. Hunts have since
been advised not to hunt using the exemptions, because they are more likely
to be prosecuted.
lnterviewer: What impact do you believe the hunting act is having on the
countryside?
Brian: lt was always intended to be a welfare bill. People are saying more
foxes are being killed because more are being shot. A minority believes the
opposite, that the countryside will be overrun with foxes. Basically the aim
of the bill was to stop them being killed inhumanely. Where people disagree
is over whether hunting is more or less humane than shooting as some peo-
ple claim that shooting is less reliable as some foxes are not cleanly shot
and may suffer for days before they die.
lnterviewer: This debate has been going on for many years, and given
that there are no hard statistics on wounding rates, and that your view on
the relative humaneness of being torn apart by dogs is bound to be subjec-
tive, it's not going to be resolved in the near future. So, even though hunting
most mammals with dogs is now illegal, the debate is very much alive and
looks as though it will continue for the foreseeable future and the animal
rights activists will continue to be busy.
Now you'll hear Part 3 again. That's the end of Part 3.
Part 4
Part 4 consists of two tasks.
You will hear five short extracts in which people are talking
about animals. For questions 21-25, choose from the list A-H the
person who is speaking. Now look at task 2. For questions 26-30,
choose from the list A-H what each speaker is expressing. While
you listen you must complete both tasks.
Speaker I
There are very strict laws now about the movement of animals, especially
from abroad. But, unfortunately some people still smuggle animals into the
country as people will pay a high price for them. The fact that they are
endangering many species by doing this doesn't seem to bother them. 0f
course, we don't deal in anything illegal as there are plenty of interesting
creatures that can be purchased without having to break the law.
Speaker 2
Obviously in different parts of the world the problem of animal conservation
varies. ln my work I try to capture the essence of the animal. I have tremen-
dous respect for animals and I am aware that my job can be quite danger-
ous if I get too close. lt's upsetting when you come across something like a
wounded deer that has been shot. I always do my best to contact the
authorities in that situation so that it can be put out of its misery.
Speaker 3
Yes, it's true that I make a living out of wild animals in a way and I'd like to
think that I'm quite knowledgeable about the animals in Africa. People come
all year round to take hundreds of photographs. They all want an elephant
and a big cat. I don't think the tourists I escort harm the environment though
and if every now and then we have to shoot a threatening animal to protect
our clients - well, that's the law of the jungle as they say - I'm not going to
lose any sleep over it.
Speaker 4
It's becoming harder and harder to survive in our trade. Everything is chang-
ing - thanks largely to the huge supermarket chains who want to pay us the
absoluie minimum. After expenses there's very little money left for us and
they are on a huge profit. We are in danger of becoming a dying breed, and
if that happens, people will get a nasty shock. Even the vegetarians would
have a problem. Where will they get their dairy products if we are put oui of
business?
Speaker 5
So, I may get caught. lt wouldn't be the first time. I got a small fine last
time and that was it. No big deal. I feel so sirongly about this cause that I
will never give up. I have a full time job but l'm prepared to give up all my
free time to protect these unforiunate creatures. I'm sick of people justifying
such atrocities. And, if it means that I have to be in violent situations, so be
it. As long as it wakes people up to what is really going on in these places.
Someone has to take a stand.
Now you'll hear Part 4 again. That's the end of Part 4.
Part 1
TEST 6
You'll hear three different extracts. For questions 1-6, choose
the answer (A, B or C) which fits best according to what you
hear. There are two questions for each extract.
EXTRACT 1
You will hear two people talking about a lost Leonardo Da Vinci
painting. Now look at questions 1 and 2.
Woman: After thirty years on the trail of Leonardo Da Vinci's lost master-
piece, 'The Battle of Anghiari', an ltalian engineer and ari expert, Maurizio
Seracini thinks he is about to solve one of the art world's greatest mysteries.
Seracini: Please don't make me out to look like lndiana Jones searching
for the lost ark. l'm more like a mixture between a doctor and a detective.
Woman: Well, your unassuming manner and typical professor's appearance
couldn't be further from Harrison Ford's image.
Seracini: I've been using medical and military technology such as thermog-
raphy, X-ray and radar scans to look behind a mural painted by Vasari, a
great admirer of Da Vinci's work. lt looks like Vasari probably put a wall in
front of Da Vinci's mural to paint his own commissioned painting without
damaging Da Vinci's.
Now you will hear the recording again.
EXTRACT 2
You will hear two people talking about the new Sylvester
Stallone film. Now look at questions 3 and 4.
Man: What did you think of the film then? Was it as good as you'd expect-
ed ii to be?
Woman: Well the plot was a bit thin and the fast car chases made it a bit
like a mafioso film. I'd expected it to be more romantic from all the reviews
that I'd read about it.
Man: Yes, I agree, it was the same old Rambo stuff really, wasn't it?
Although I quite enjoyed the car chases and the boxers punching each others
lights out.
Woman: I guess it was an improvement on his last movie and I wouldn't
mind buying the soundtrack, but then Stallone isn't on thai, is he?
Now you will hear the recording again.
EXTRACT 3
You will hear two people talking about sailing.
Now look at questions 5 and 6.
Woman: Look at those yachts. Some of them are stunning, aren't they?
They must be worth a million. Talk about luxury.
Man: Well yes, exactly. Your average man or woman off the street couldn't
take up sailing for a hobby - not in one of those yachts anyway. lt's an
expensive pastime.
Woman: I'm completely in awe of those intrepid chaps who go out there
against waves as a big as a house.
Man: They are daft if you ask me. No not really, I admire those kind of
sailors too. You've got to have your wits about you. After all, it's not about
being good in the water, it's about staying out of the water!
Now you will hear the recording again.
That's the end of Part L
Part 2
You will hear a radio report about an art exhibition. For ques-
tions 7-14, complete the sentences.
Speaker: A major new exhibition traces the decline of the absolute monar-
chy and rise of the Enlightenment that swept through Northern Europe in the
18th and 19th centuries, and shows how portraits reflected the revolutionary
changes of that era. Called "Citizens and Kings", the show at London's Royal
Academy of Arts gathers works by artists like Goya, lngres, Joshua Reynolds,
Jaques-Louis David and Thomas Gainsborough. The early works feature kings
and queens in their pomp and finery, confident in the supreme power they
believe they have been given as their birth right.
But war and revolution in the United States and France challenged
that assumption, and painters and sculptors began to portray Enlightenment
leaders as statesmen weighed down by civic duty and championing reason
and scientific development. Philosophers, naturalists and poets became
favoured subjects along with the tools of their trade, the aristocracy with its
privileges and family portraits lost their dynamic stiffness to take on new
intimacy and affection.
According to Mary Anne Stevens, exhibition curator, the intention of
the exhibition was to survey a period in history where the Western World
was undergoing seismic changes. The first room shows a 1789 painting of
France's Louis XVI by Antoine-Francois Callet, where the king stands in his full
regalia with a scepter and staff of justice, all in a grand architectural setting.
Four years later he would be executed a few months before his wife, Marie
Antoinette, in a death that changed European attitudes to the monarchy.
The American and French upheavals of the late-18th century brought
with them radical changes in the way the two nations were captured on can-
vas. George Washington, in a painting by Gilbert Stuart dated around 1800,
wears a sober black outfit and stands back with a large hat, quill and inkwell
for writing and two historic books in his hands. Significant political changes
become clear when comparing two portraits of women separated by just
one year. ln 1789, the beginning of the French Revolution, Elisabeth Vigee-
Lebrun paints a French Comtesse sitting on an elegant Rococo sofa in a fine
white dress and large rimmed hat, confidently confronting the onlooker. ln
1790, David paints the Marquise D'Orvilliers demurely dressed, looking to one
side and against a neutral background showing that she had lost her social
standing. The exhibition also includes Enlightenment heroes whose claim to
fame was talent rather than birth, including the scientist James Hutton in a
distinctly unglamorous pose next to fossils and shells that signify his scien-
tific discoveries.
Now you will hear Part 2 again. That's the end of Part 2.
Part 3
You will hear an interview with a yoga teacher. For questions
L5-2O, choose the answer (A, B, G or D!, which f its best accord-
ing to what you hear.
Man: What comes into your mind when you hear the word yoga? Well, if
you think of women in seemingly impossible poses, that require endless prac-
tice, then you may have an inkling of what yoga is. But that's it - an inkling.
You've got a long way to go before fully understanding yoga. I am certainly
no expert, but I have someone in the studio today who can let us in on the
yoga secret. Sarah, welcome to the show.
Sarah: Thank you, John. Well yoga is an ancient lndian body of knowledge
that dates back more than 5000 years ago. The word "Yoga" comes from
the Sanskrit word "yuj" which means "to unite or integrate". Ancient Yogis
had a belief that in order for man to be in harmony with himself and his envi-
ronment, he has to integrate the body, the mind and the spirit. For these
three to be integrated, emotion, action and intelligence must be in balance.
The yogis formulated a way to achieve this balance and it is done through
exercise, breathing and meditation - the three main yoga structures.
There is a general misconception that in meditation, your mind has to
go blank. lt doesn't have to be so. ln meditation, students bring the activities
of the mind into focus resulting in a 'quiet' mind. By designing physical poses
and breathing techniques that develop awareness of our body, yoga helps us
focus and relieves us from our everyday stress.
Man: So what does one need to get started with yoga? I get the impres-
sion that you don't need any special equipment. ls that correct?
Sarah: Yes, you basically don't need anything to practice yoga. The impor-
tant thing is your attitude - a big heart and a small ego. Some loose fitting
clothes and a small secluded spot in your house will be enough for you to
start with. A balanced diet also adds a great deal in yoga practice. A four
hour interval between meals is advised. To get to know the basic postures,
you can buy an introduction book, video or DVD.
Man: There are so many books, DVDs, videos etc; how can someone know
which one to buy? How can we know if someone really knows what they are
talking about or if it's dangerous to follow their advice? I mean, it seems to
me that you could do yourself a lot of damage if you don't know what you
are doing and there isn't a professional instructor to keep an eye on you.
I've heard horror stories of people getting physically stuck practising yoga.
Sarah: You have some valid concerns there John and I think the best advice
is to go for a few classes with an instructor and then if you want to purchase a
book or DVD, make sure it is by someone who is qualified to teach yoga.
You can do yoga at different times of the day. Practising first thing in the
morning is an excellent way to revitalise the mind and body, while practising
yoga, breathing and meditation exercises at night helps induce a deep, rest-
ful sleep. Like in regular exercise, you always start with the easy poses to
condition your body for the more difficult exercise that {ollows. Do not strain
yourself. Pause when you feel pain or fatigue. As little as 15 minutes of
breathing and meditation each day can yield benefits.
Man: So how does someone decide if yoga is for them?
Sarah: Yoga is for anyone who is willing to learn its ways and ideas. All you
require is the will to have a healthier, stress-free self. You may first
approach yoga as a way to achieve a great body or to keep fit and that is
perfectly alright. Yoga really does improve your entire skeletal system. But,
do not just take advantage of what yoga can offer. Yoga encourages you to
reflect on yourself and to find your inner peace. lt exercises not just your
body but your mind as well. With a healthy body and mind, you're on your
way to a more fulfilling life.
Now you'll hear Part 3 again. That's the end of Part 3.
Part 4
Part 4 consists of two tasks. You will hear five short extracts in
which people are talking about extreme sports. For questions 21-
25, choose from the list A-H the person who is speaking. Now
look at task 2. For questions 26-30, choose from the list A-H
what each speaker is expressing. While you listen you must
complete both tasks.
Speaker 1
Mountain bike Endurance Races are becoming more popular through the
years. These events are well-known to the non-professional and recreational
riders like myself as these are more like races against oneself. Unlike Lap
Racing, Endurance Racing courses are either larger laps or point-to-point.
Rehydration and refreshments may be taken anytime and anywhere.
Assistance between competitors is allowed in order to promote camaraderie
amongst riders. This sport keeps me fit and absolutely doesn't allow me to
smoke, which is something I preach about to my patients all the time but I
have struggled to completely quit myself.
Speaker 2
People of almost all ages can enjoy this sport and recreation. There are
many diving variations that you can try. Some of these are recreational div-
ing, cave diving, wreck diving and professional diving. Each one guarantees a
different kind of adventure and experience you will never forget, No matter
what type of diving you try, you can be sure that it will be exciting and fun.
It will also be educational since you get to know the various facets of
marine life and [the] underwater world in general. ln my profession, we have
a bit of a reputation for having [a] vast general knowledge and passengers
love to chat so it's a great sport to tell people about. lt's not just a fun and
challenging sport. Diving can take you to places yog never knew existed. Like
many people say, 'lt's a different world down there.'
Speaker 3
lce climbers are drawn by relatively untouched regions which provide stun-
ning scenery. Moreover, there are countless challenging vertical ice walls one
can choose from. lt is a great exercise outlet during winter season as it
helps in toning muscle and improving balance, endurance and flexibility. lt
gets me back in shape after the indulgence of Christmas. lt's a physically
and mentally challenging sport that really tests one's climbing skill and tech-
nique. lt's also a sociable activity that draws groups of climbers into one
climb or expedition. Needless to say camaraderie among ice-climbers is
developed. But, on the other hand, you can find yourself in a silent world and
completely alone which is quite wonderful. During term time, I sometimes
think of those moments and yearn for them when a group of loud teenagers
are giving me a headache!
Speaker 4
l'm actually very fit. l'm on the go all the time with my job. I've got an old-
fashioned bike. No warm van for me on my round. Maybe that's why I don't
mind spending my free time in the cold weather. Snowboarding is an extreme
winter sport with a considerable chance of injuries ranging from innocent lit-
tle slips to high impact crashes. Beginning [beginner] snowboarders are the
ones who normally get injured even though they attempt less dangerous
moves than advanced snowboarders. This is because they haven't learned
how to maintain a stable stance on the snowboard yet and are thus more
Iikely to lose [their] balance and fall. ln fact, nearly 25% of injuries occur dur-
ing a snowboarders first experience and almost one-third occur during the
first season of snowboarding.
Speaker 5
I'm cooped up all day and most evenings so when I get a day off, there's
nothing I enjoy more than the free feeling of bungee jumping. Bungee jumping
is an activity in which a person jumps off from a high place with one end of
an elastic cord attached to his body and the other end tied to the jumping
off point. When the person jumps the cord stretches and the jumper will fly
upwards as the cord snaps back. The jumper then oscillates up and down
until the initial energy of the jump is dissipated. There are strict guidelines
governing jumps and the most important is the calculation of the length of
the cord, its elasticity and the height of the jump. You need to know the
impact on the cord from the fall of the person. Different materials have dif-
ferent rates of stretch. lt's a bit like when I decide on the right amount of an
ingredient for a r6cipe.
Now you'll hear Part 4 again. That's the end of Part 4.
Part 1
TEST 7
You'll hear three different extracts. For questions 1-6, choose
the answer (A, B or C) which fits best according to what you
hear. There are two questions for each extract.
EXTRACT 1 paper bag held to your mouth. This helps to reduce your loss of carbon
You will hear two friends talking.
Now look at questions 1 and 2.
Brian: How did your riding weekend with Annie go, Karen?
Karen: Well, it was a bit of a mixed bag to be honest. My riding is a bit
shaky to say the least and it had been years since I'd been on a horse, but
thought it would be worth it to do a bit of mother-daughter bonding.
Brian: Annie is quite proficient on a horse isn't she?
Karen: Yes, well she's had a lot of lessons with a good friend of mine who
is an instructor. ln fact I should have had a few myself before going on the
weekend trip. By the time we arrived at the stables I was beginning to doubt
whether the whole thing was a good idea. Annie had been happily telling me
horror stories of riding accidents that she knew about, but I thought I'd got
that far and I'd stick with it. Unfortunately, I was worse than I thought and
really felt like the class dunce. I spent the whole weekend with a group of
seven-year-olds while Annie had a whale of a time in the adult group. So
much for our bonding weekendl
Now you will hear the recording again.
EXTRACT 2
You will hear part of an interview with an actor about how he
tries to keep fit. Now look at questions 3 and 4.
Woman: Now Bob, you lead a hectic life. How do you keep on top of
everything without getting too rundown?
Bob: Well, I have to make a real effort to keep in reasonable shape
because I do have a lot of work on. lf you aren't fairly fit, it affects every-
thing you do, I hate jogging especially as it rains so much in this country and
I'd miss so many mornings by hiding in bed instead of getting up for a run.
So I go to the gym. lt's not my favourite pastime but it's a necessary evil.
Woman: So have you joined half of the population by making a New Year
resolution to keep fit?
ob: I don't really believe in New Year resolutions myself, but anything
that spurs people on to improve their life in some way has to be a good
thing. lt would be good if more people gave themselves a fighting chance
though and didn't give up so easily.
Now you will hear the recording again.
EXTRACT 3
You will hear two people talking about a new activity they have
taken up. Now look at questions 5 and 6.
Alison: Hi George, how did the skating go?
George: Well, you know I decided to take little Susan skating because I'd
found my old skates while I was clearing out the loft. We hired a pair for
Susan to wear and I was dying to see if I still had what ii takes. Actually,
although I say so myself, I was quite good.
Alison: Well I went to my first line dancing class on Saturday and it was
great fun. I'd expected a lot of people to be wearing cowboy hats and of
course it was nothing like that. The music was a bit old-fashioned, but boy, it
was hard work. I really worked up a sweat. I'll definiiely keep it up.
Now you will hear the recording again. That's the end of Part I
Part 2
You will hear a radio report about panic attacks.
For questions 7-14, complete the sentences.
Speaker: Panic attacks are the subconscious mind's 'fight or flight'
response to what it perceives to be a ihreatening situation. lt is common for
people to experience their first panic attack following periods of high stress.
lnitially, you seem to have coped well with the situation and then suddenly,
often months later, you have an attack. The first physical sign is usually
heart palpitations. Most people feel that they are not getting enough air so
they gasp, hyperventilate or in other words, over breathe. Other symptoms
include tingling in the hands and feet, chest pain, sweating, faintness and
stomach pains. Each person has their own symptoms, which usually remain
the same.
There are, however, things you can do to stop or reduce the impact
of a panic attack. lt's worth buying a diary so that you can record any nega-
tive thoughts you have about a situation before it happens. Then, challenge
them by considering how accurate they are. Set about turning them into
positive, constructive thoughts.
lf you do have an attack, stay where you are, so your mind gets the
message that the place isn't really threatening. Although your immediate anx-
iety will decrease if you run away, this might lead to increased anxiety in the
future, so it's the worst thing you can do.
You need to learn to relax. Active relaxation involves tensing for a
few seconds and then relaxing, in turn, every muscle that you can think of in
your body - usually starting from the face, scalp and neck and moving down
to the feet. Using this relaxation technique at night can also aid sleep.
An attack can be treated very simply by breathing in and out with a
dioxide as you re-inhale ihe carbon dioxide yoLr've exhaled. Holding your
breathe for as long as possible can also help prevent loss of carbon dioxide.
lf you can hold your breath for between 10 and 15 seconds, and repeat this
a few times, it will be sufficient to calm hyperventilation. ln the long term,
I you can lower your stress levels and stop the likelihood of panic attacks by
learning deep, diaphragmatic breathing. lf you practice this regularly, several
times a day, your body will have no choice but to relax.
Finally, try a natural remedy such as camomile tea which works on
the same brain receptors as anti-anxiety drugs, or the herb, Valerian or
aconite which can ease the effects of acute panic attacks.
Now you will hear Part 2 again. That's the end of Part 2.
I
Part 3
You will hear an interview with a psychologist about friendships.
For questions 15-20, choose the answer (A, B, C or D), which fits
best according to what you hear.
Presenter: Walk into any bookshop and there are self-help manuals on
every aspect of human behaviour, including how to cope with difficult part-
ners, awkward bosses, contrary children - but very little on how to manage
friendships. 'Managing' friendships.sounds cold, but it's essential if you value
them and want to keep them, or want to learn when it's time io let them go.
Your friendship landscape changes through life. You marry and have less in
common with single friends. You move and keeping up with old friends
proves hard. Sometimes the changes are more subtle: you experience a life
crisis and some friends can't or won't support you. You become successful
and friends feel awkward around you. Change in one of you means the fit
between you alters. That's when you find out if the relationship has the
capacity to evolve, or if it's just come to a natural end. ln the studio today
we have Barbara Smith, a psychologist. Barbara, welcome to the show.
 arbara: Thank you John. Well, there's only one rule of friendship: it must
be mutually beneficial. Friendships can be put into categories. Firstly, let's
look at the foul-weather friend. 0n the surface, this is a totally dependable,
loyal friend, particularly when you are having a bad time. But the downside
with this foul-weather friend is that they'll put a dampener on you when
you're up, forever pointing out what can go wrong. They are rarely looking
for a more balanced relationship: their self-esteem may be invested in their
superior feeling that you are a bit of a disaster area, and they have every-
thing under control. When actually, of course, the opposite is true.
Presenter: Now, you've got a category called the trophy friend, haven't
you? What do you mean by that exactly?
Barbara: Ah yes. That's the friend that you admire because they are so
interesting and popular, or successful in a way you want to be. You can
bathe in their reflected glory and feel part of a different social sphere but
you must remember that this isn't necessarily the world you fit into. lf they
are nice as well, this relationship can bring out the best in you, as you
stretch it to be deserving of the friendship. But beware if being with them
makes you behave falsely so that you are not true to yourself or to others.
This situation can only lead to a downfall and great disappointment.
Presenter: What about the friend since childhood who you grew up with?
Barbara: The sisterly friend. She might live next door or have gone to
school with you. Over the years you have built up a strong relationship that
makes her feel more like a sister than a friend. 0n the plus side, she can
bring a real sense of security and support. You can ring her any time and
confide in her. She can be a powerful ally, but because she'll be there
whether you like it or not, she has the power to make you miserable if you
don't keep her informed and involved in your life. This friend is like family,
you're so close it can become claustrophobic. For example, if you start a
new relationship, she'll expect to be as big a part of your life as she's
always been. Then you need to define clear boundaries.
Presenter: But that sounds like the kind of friend you'd want to hang on to
on the whole. So how can you make the decision who a good friend really is
and who is no longer a valid person to have in your life?
Barbara: Well, good friends should be low maintenance - and that goes for
you too. See enough of each other to keep the rapport going: neither
demand too much nor avoid so frequently that the relationship becomes
unbalanced. lf it's always a moan session, or one of you is often looking for
favours or support, the goodwill will soon burn out. lt's always important to
be open to making new friends too. Most of us want to see people who
make us feel good. lt doesn't mean you have to be a barrel of laughs all the
time (which can be off-putting); it's about showing real interest, being light-
hearted and not too obviously needy. Don't forie the pace. Some people
need time to get to know you better. It's best to be pleasant and casual.
Don't bombard them with too many invitations. Don't assume that one good
heart-to heart makes you best friends. Respect their time and other commit-
ments and the friendship will blossom naturally in time.
Now you'll hear Part 3 again. That's the end of Part 3.
Part 4
Part 4 consists of two tasks. You will hear five short extracts in
which people are talking about their weight. For questions 2L-25,
choose from the list A'H the person who is speaking. Now look
at task 2. For questions 26-30, choose from the list A-H what
each speaker is expressing. While you listen you must complete
both tasks.
Speaker 1 eyelash can be enough. 0f course, it's still got a long way to go and who
Achieving my goal of being slim is wonderful, but the main thing I've gained
from losing weight has nothing to do with the way I look, lt's the fact that
can join in with anything my children do and the same goes for the children
at work. My weight problems started when I was made redundant. I became
depressed and I hid myself away. I didn't realise that depression is a treat-
able illness. I lusl thought that I was going crazy and at the same time I was
getting bigger and bigger. lf only I'd gone to the doctor earlier, I could have
recovered sooner. Still, I'm fine now and I have a good job that keeps me
both mentally and physically fit.
Speaker 2
When I decided to get back into shape, going to the gym was the obvious
choice for me; there's one at the hospital where I work so I don't have to
make a special effort to go anywhere. lt was much easier than I'd expected.
l'm not into weights but I enjoy the treadmill and the rowing machine. There's
quite a sense of camaraderie there too as lots of people are in the same
boat - under doctor's orders to get fit and lower their blood pressure. We
spur each other on when the going gets tough. As I spend most of the day
sitting down, it's crucial that I keep doing the exercise.
Speaker 3
You'd think I'd be quite fit
as I'm on my feet all day, but I don't actually get
much exercise, apart from my jaw of course. We chat all day, especially to
the customers. Restocking shelves is about the most physical my day gets
and I don't have to do that very often. The staff canteen is a disaster area
for anyone trying to lose weight. lt's dirt cheap and there's always fresh
bread and cakes from the bakery department. When it's someone's birthday,
there are extra cakes and chocolates on the scene, and it always seems to
be someone's birthday with so many staff. I've basically lost weight by
starving myself over the last few months.
Speaker 4
I have a very sociable job and I enjoy making people feel good about them-
selves. I guess that's what inspired me to lose weight really as I want to
look my best to create a good impression when a client walks through the
door. Basically I'm selling a product and my job is all about changing or
improving a person's image. I get real pleasure from holding up a mirror and
making someone smile. Mind you, you should see me first thing on a Sunday
morning after a night painting the town red. Good thing my clients can't see
that!
Speaker 5
Yes I know I'm out in the fresh air every day and doing a physical job but l'm
so tired when I get home that I collapse in front of the TV with a takeaway
and have a few drinks. Even at lunchtime I tend to grab a burger in between
houses and the clients often bring me out tea and biscuits or a slice of
cake. However, my New Year resolution is to join a slimming club and really
get to grips with my health. My cousin is going to join with me so hopefully
we'll keep it up.
Now you'll hear Part 4 again. That's the end of Part 4.
Part 1
TEST 8
You'll hear three different extracts. For questions 1-6, choose
the answer (A, B or C) which fits best according to what you
hear. There are two questions for each extract.
EXTRACT I.
You will hear two people who are waitlng f or a f riend.
Now look at questions I and 2.
Man: You'd think in today's world of modern technology she could manage
to be on time, wouldn't you?
Woman: You know what Pam is like. There are always a hundred last minute
jobs to do before she can finally walk out of the house.
Man: Does she really need to check everything three times before she leaves?
Woman: lt's not as if she is deliberately late. You know that.
Man: I know. lt's not her fault but it still annoys me.
Woman: Well, we've got a lot to do today so I suggest we get the 'must
dos' over and done with first and then we'll see if we still have time to go
to the matinee cinema.
Man: 0K. But I need a hot coffee once Pam arrives. I'm freezingl
Now you will hear the recording again.
EXTRACT 2
You will hear two people talking about forensic technology. Now
look at questions 3 and 4.
Woman: I was watching a fascinating programme last night about forensic
evidence and how the police use technology to solve crimes. lt showed how
DNA testing is used more and more to link a suspect to a crime scene. An
knows what method of detection they'll dream up next. But it's remarkable
I what's already been achieved.
Man: I agree with you, but I'm a little apprehensive about the idea of our
DNA information being put onto a central police computer. Someone could
have left DNA at a crime scene and be a suspect but they may not have
committed the crime, especially if they know the victim. No system is fool-
proof. Now you will hear the recording again.
EXTRACT 3
You will hear two people talking about their son.
Now look at questions 5 and 6.
Man: Jimmy doesn't seem to communicate with me anymore. lf he's not out
with his friends, he's in his bedroom doing goodness knows what on the
lnternet. He used to be much more chatty at dinner time.
Woman: Well can you blame him? You are always at work and when you
come home you are so tired that you fall asleep in front of the TV after din-
ner. You have no idea what his interests are and actually you spend a fair
amount of time surfing the net yourself.
Man: You have a point. Perhaps I'll ask him if he wants to go out on
Saturday and we'll have a lads' shopping spree and lunch together.
Woman: Good idea.
Now you will hear the recording again. That's the end of Part 1.
Part 2 works of D. H Lawrence.
You will hear a radio report about a new security body scanner.
For questions 7-L4, complete the sentences.
Speaker: lt may sound like a gadget from a futuristic film but the full body
scanner, which sees straight through people's clothing, is coming soon to air-
ports in the UK. A hi-tech security screening system, designed to detect
guns and other offensive weapons concealed on the body, will be unveiled
this month by the defence technology firm Qinetiq, which is part-owned by
the government.
The scanners, expected to be deployed within a year as part of
Britain's armoury against terror, capture the naked image of a traveller even
if he or she is wearing several layers of clothing. But, to protect peoples'
modesty, they come replete with "fig-leaf technology" that detects which
parts of the body need screening out.
The system, which uses a special light frequency to see through
clothing, was tried out successfully at Gatwick airport and will go on display
at this year's Farnborough air show.
The technology was originally developed by the Ministry of Defence
to use in military helicopters to enable pilots to see through fog. lt has been
adapted by Qinetiq, which used to be part of the top secret defence
research establishment at Porton Down, for civilian use.
The airport scanners are designed to detect concealed metal objects
including knives, guns, hand-grenades and shoe bombs on a fully-clad human
being. But the millimetre wave sensors will also highlight metallic items of
clothing including zips and buttons. The technology is also expected to show
the presence of heart pacemakers and metal pins that have been used to
help mend broken bones. Airport operators will be thoroughly screened to
ensure their motives are not voyeuristic, Qinetiq said. Government sources
say the scanners could help tighten security at airports while ensuring that
passengers are not subjected to delays.
Experts say that the millimetre wave scanner, unlike X-rays, poses no
health risk because it uses part of the light spectrum, which people are
exposed to every day, to see through clothing. They believe it will cut signifi-
cant waits for security screening at airports, and dispense with "pat down"
searches by security guards. Only people who are shown to be carrying sus-
picious-lookipg metallic objects in clothing or shoes will have to be checked
by security personnel.
"lt has the ability to penetrate natural materials," said one expert.
"What you would aim to do is project any threats that are found on to a
screen. lt would look as if someone was wearing a body stocking." The tech-
nology has already been successfully piloted at British ports, where scanners
have seen through lorry walls to detect illegal immigrants being smuggled
into Britain. The body scanners are expected to be available within a year
for other premises with high security, including government buildings and VIP
conferences.
Now you will hear Part 2 again. That's the end of Part 2.
Part 3
You will hear part of a radio interview with a literary critic
about Huxley's novel, Brave New World. For questions L5-2O,
choose the answer (A, B, C or D), which fits best according to
what you hear.
Presenter: This morning we have Samantha Protheroe, Professor of
Literature at the University of Bristol. Professor Protheroe, there have been
many novels written about life in the future. lt has always been a subject
that has intrigued writers. Why do you think that we have such a fascination
for a world that we will never live long enough to see?
Professor: lt is part of human nature to strive to grow and develop
intellectually and so there is an innate interest in where our children and
grandchildren and great grandchildren will end up. lt's not so much a fear for
their future or a desire to be there with them. lt's more about the adventur-
er in us.
Presenter: Can you give us some background on Huxley and his
acclaimed novel, Brave New World
Professor: Aldous Huxley wrote Brave New World in 1932 while he was
living rn France and England. By this time, Huxley had already established
himself as a writer and social satirist. He was a contributor Io Vanity Fair
and Vogue magazines, had published a collection of his poetry entitled lhe
Burning Wheelin i916 and published four successful satirical novels.
Presenter: So he had already made his mark in the literary world. What
was the inspiration behind Brave New Woild?
Prof essor: Brave New World was inspired by the H.G. Wells utopian
novel Men Like Gods. Wells'optimistic vision of the future gave Huxley the
idea to begin writing a parody of the novel. Contrary to the most popular
optimistic utopian novels of the time, Huxley sought to provide a frightening
vision of the f uture. Huxley ref erred Io Brave New World as a "negative
utopia", somewhat influenced by Wells' novel, Ihe Sleeper Awakes and the
Presenter: And what is the novel actually about?
Professor: Although the novel is set in the future, it contains contemporary
issues of the early 20th century. The lndustrial Revolution was bringing about
massive changes to the world. Mass production had made cars, telephones
and radios relatively cheap and widely available throughout the developed
world. The Russian Revolution of 1917 and the First World War were resonat-
ing throughout the world. Huxley was able to use the setting and characters
from his futuristic fantasy to express widely held opinions, particularly the
fear of losing individual identity in the fast-paced world of the future. The
event that gave Brave New World much of its character was an early trip to
the United States. Not only was Huxley outraged by the culture of youth,
commercial cheeriness and inward-looking nature of many of the people, he
also found a book by Henry Ford on the boat to America. There was a f ear
of Americanisation in Europe, so to see America firsthand, as well as read
the ideas and plans of its foremost citizens, spurred Huxley on to write
Brave New World with America in mind. The sex-hormone chewing gum in the
novel is a parody of the ubiquitous chewing gum which is something of a
symbol of America (especially at that time) as well as the lazz music they
listened to which seemed quite anarchic to Huxley.
Presenter: I'm afraid that's all we have time for today. Professor Prothero,
thank you very much.
Now you'll hear Part 3 again. That's the end of Part 3.
Part 4
Part 4 consists of two tasks. You will hear five short extracts in
which people are talking about inventions. For questions 21-25,
choose from the list A-H the person who is speaking. Now look
at task 2. For questions 26-30, choose f rom the list A-H what
each speaker is expressing. While you listen you must complete
both tasks.
Speaker 1
I know there is a lot of controversy on their effect on the environment, but I
think the aerosol can is an amazing invention. The concept of the aerosol
originated as early as 1790, when self-pressurised carbonated beverages
were introduced in France. ln 1949, canned spray paint was invented by
Edward Seymour and the first colour was aluminium. Seymour's wife sug-
gested the use of the aerosol can filled with paint. I use these for large
murals and of course the modern robotic versions are used in industry to
spray things such as cars. I get a lot of criticism for using aerosols but I
don't drive a car so my contribution to the pollution problem is a lot less
than most people I know so I don't lose sleep over it.
Speaker 2
Now you may argue that this isn't really an invention, because it's not a
machine or a gadget but denim jeans that have revolutionised the world.
Look around you, denim is everywhere and is a great equaliser of class as
the poorest kid on the street to the wealthiest film star wears jeans. I wear
them to work every day and wouldn't cope without them outside in the
weather and dealing with the cattle. The only time I don't wear them is if I
go to the theatre or to a nice restaurant. That's quite a rare event though.
Speaker 3
I have a lot of free time now so I often go to fairs and exhibitions, and the
toy fair is always a favourite of mine, despite my age. ln my day of course
there was no such thing as a robotic toy. This robotic dog was just wonder-
ful. I used to have a dog but I don't have the energy to walk one now so this
would make a great substitute. I spent an hour playing with it at the toy fair
and I did get some funny looks. lt works on voice recognition so you really
do feel like you are the master and it has its own personality, like a real pet.
0f course it doesn't but the fantasy is fun. l'm very tempted to spend some
of my retirement fund on one.
Speaker 4
This invention goes back hundreds of years. ln fact Leonardo da Vinci actual-
ly designed a bicycle in 1490, although it was never made. Mind you, he
seemed to draw just about every modern invention hundreds of years before
they were actually invented. Pure genius. You wouldn't catch him without a
job. My friends and family call me the biker because I cycle everywhere. Until
I get a salary, I can't afford a car, but I'm not sure that I really want one.
Maybe I should be a postal worker, I could cycle all day delivering letters.
Sounds good.
Speaker 5
I love detective novels and films and have always been interested in forensic
science. I think the polygraph machine, or lie detector is a fabulous device.
I'd love to have one. I certainly know a few people I'd like to try it on, espe-
cially when I suspect someone is being aggressive towards a relative. My job
is pretty stressful at times and it's hard to get the truth out of people espe-
cially when they are frightened of the consequences. lt's often what they
don't say that gives the game away.
Now you'll hear Part 4 again. That's the end of Part 4.

Part 1
TEST 9
You will hear three different extracts. For questions 1-6, choose
the answer (A, B or C) which fits best according to what you
hear. There are two questions for each extract.
EXTRACT 1 It started harmlessly enough - I got home from work late and I thought to
You will hear a discussion in which a woman talks to her good
friend about his career choice. Now look at questions I and 2.
Renee: So, David. You've been teaching at Ligget for almost five years now.
David: I know, I can't believe it. Time has really flown by.
Renee: Did you always want to be a teacher?
David: Not at all. To be honest, I just took this job the year after I finished
university, because I didn't know what lwanted io do, I thought teaching
maths was a safe thing to do for ayear, while lfigured out what my next
step was [going to be]. I figured with my maths ability I'd go on to get my
doctorate in the field and then do research.
Renee: What made your plans change?
David: ln short, I just liked teaching too much! lt was very unexpected, as I
never saw myself as a teacher before. But, llove the interaction with the
students - whether it is challenging them or just having fun and joking with
them. And in addition to the job itself, I love the lifestyle it affords me. lt
provides me with the opportunity to coach and to take the children on
excursions. I never have to work nights and lget summers off. lf I were a
researcher, I'd be working strange and long hours and I wouldn't have time
for hobbies and friends. Sometimes I think my friends wonder why I don't do
something more prestigious... and to be honest, lused to wonder that too...
like I ought to be doing more with my talent in maths. But now I realise that
prestige doesn't compare with true happiness.
Now you will hear the recording again.
EXTRACT 2
You will hear a conversation where two friends discuss the con-
cert they just attended. Now look at questions 3 and 4.
Joan: I really found his performance very disappointing. I feel like I really
wasted money on that concert.
Tom: I thought it was a fine performance. I think the rain just put you in a
bad mood and tainted your view of the rest of it.
Joan: No, it's not that at all. Besides the rain was light and it didn't last
long. No, I am strictly talking about Luda's performance. I mean, first of all,
all the opening acts sang more songs than he did.
Tom: You've got to admit though, they were pretty goodll saw you dancing
to the beat and putting your hands up in the air!
Joan: I'm not saying they weren't talented! ln fact they were better than the
main performer and that's my point. I didn't pay to see them. Luda came out
nearly two hours after the concert started and only sang a handful of songs.
Tom: ls that your only complaint?
Joan: 0f course not. As I was saying I paid to see HlM...and with all his
songs he kept pointing the microphone out to the crowd. I don't want to
hear a bunch of crazy fans screaming the lyrics. I wanted to hear the artist!
Now you will hear the recording again.
EXTRACT 3
You will hear a conversation in which two friends talk about how
they can do things to change their way of life.
Now look at questions 5 and 6.
Alexandra: What on earth made you want to start training for this
marathon? Last time I saw you, you kept complaining about how you had to
walk too far from the parking lot to your office building. And now you are
running hours and hours every day.
George: lt is quite a change...but that's the whole point really. A few months
ago, I took some blood tests which basically showed I was too stressed out,
didn't eat well and needed more exercise. lt really had an impact on me,
because I am still young and should be healthy!
Alexandra: Well, I can understand that realisation, George. I mean, I too
have been trying to make the effort to be healthier...but lsimply go to the
gym three times a week and try to cut back on the donuts! What you are
doing is rather extreme.
George: I suppose you are right. But in all honesty, lnever planned on mak-
ing any extreme changes. I started out just running to the end of my street
and back. But then one day, I thought, 'l wonder if I could make it all the way
to the next block.' I tried and made it. From then on, I gave myself a new
landmark to reach and bef ore I knew it I was running 30 kilometres a day.
Alexandra: Are you at least enjoying the exercise?
George: Not all the time; like when I am so tired lfeel like I couldn't go on.
But there are those days where I feel so strong and capable. lt's truly a
great feeling. And then when lf inish I am always so proud of myself. That's
why I'm going to run the marathon. I can only assume the feeling of accom-
plishment will be stronger.
Alexandra: Well, to say I am impressed would be an understatement. Don't
expect me to be running along with you, but you sure have my support!
Now you will hear the recording again. That's the end of Part 1.
Part 2
You will hear a woman talk about an adventurous bike ride she
recently took. For questions 7-14, complete the sentences.
myself, 'l have just enough time for a bike ride before it gets dark.' I decided
to ride out in the cow pasture on my mountain bike. Easy riding, just slightly
challenging for someone who is far from '20-something', and just the right
amount of time before sunset for a good cardiovascular workout.
I decided to ride to the top of the nearest sagebrush-covered hill. lt was a
very nice evening with no wind and quite warm. Perfect for a bike ride.
Perfect for a bike ride in a manicured park with well maintained perfectly flat
bike trails that is!
After much puffing and huffing, I reached the top of the hill and stopped
for a swig of water and a look around. Turning to look behind me, I spotted
lT. lT was a young angus calf all by itself placidly cropping grass. My hus-
band had turned the mama cows out the day before into the larger pasture,
with all the calves at their sides - or so he thought.
I thought to myself: lf I ride down the hill, and go really wide, I can move
the calf towards the corner where the gate is. Surely I can get one little calf
through the fence on my mountain bike! So off I went.
Now, for those who aren't savvy about riding through cow pastures on a
mountain bike - try and stay on the cow trails. Then the only thing to worry
about is sandy holes that suck in your tires and bring you to a dead stop
which throws the rider over the top of their handlebar to land painfully on
prickly-pear "swords". However, when one is riding through the unmarked
wilderness of a cow pasture, trying in vain to keep a calf in sight who is run-
ning in fear of his life from the crazy lady on a mountain bike, one has to
also watch out for large patches of sage brush, hardened cow piles, large
holes, and the giant man-eating prickly-pear cacti.
Now, to my credit, I did manage to get the calf in the corner by the gate.
0f course, the gate was closed. So, I stood there looking at the calf, who
stood looking at me. He did not seem terribly worried at this point as I was
a good 30 yards away and no longer moving.
I slowly, put the mountain bike down and approached the calf hoping to
calmly urge him into the gate opening. But the unwary little animal ran as
fast as his short legs could carry him in the opposite direction from that
which we came, bounding in great leaps, tail and head held high.
I ran through the sandy draw surrounding the cattle gate and picked up
my bike. I gamely pedaled through the sage brush once again - now uphill.
This time I got within feet of him, but alas! I was too close - he turned and
scrambled south - away from the gate. We were now a good Vz mile from
the gate and darkness was closing in rapidly. So I chased him again. Of
course this was all uphill and probably took a good hour...and I ended up los-
ing the little monster.
Defeated, I returned to my house and told my sad tale to my husband. He
asked why I hadn't just left the gate open. He explained in an infuriatingly
calm voice, that the calf would have gone out the gate and paired up with
its mother in the night if I had left the gate open.
The next day, my husband and I did manage to drive him without incident
back to his mother who hadn't really seemed to notice his absence. My hus-
band and I drove out to the pasture in the pick up truck where we walked
the little monster - I mean calf, back to his mother.
Now you will hear Part 2 again. That's the end of Part 2.
Part 3
You will hear part of a radio interview in which a Japanese
astronaut, Dr. Takao Doi, talks about his work. For questions 15-
20, choose the answer (A, B, G or D), which fits best according to
what you hear.
Lydia: Astronomy Today is honoured to speak to Dr. Takao Doi, a longtime
member of Houston Astronomical Society, who has been designated by NASA
to duties on a shuttle mission next year. He is the first Japanese astronaut
to conduct a spacewalk. Welcome, Dr. Doi.
Dr. Doi: I am pleased to be here.
Lydia: Why don't you start talking about when your career really started to
take off.
Dr. Doi: Certainly. ln 1983, the National Space Development Agency of
Japan announced that it would recruit three Japanese astronauts in order to
conduct the first Japanese space experiments aboard the Space Shuttle. I
applied for it and that was the start of my career.
Lydia: There was an unfortunate delay in your career at that time, wasn't
there?
Dr. Doi: Yes, three months after I was selected by NASDA in 1985, the
Challenger accident occurred. I became extremely depressed since I felt the
future of space development looked dark, however in 1988 the Space Shuttle
programme re and I felt more positive about the future of space
development.
Lydia: What was the next big accomplishment in your career?
Dr. Doi: My next challenge was to participate in the ASCAN class in 1995,
and I was certified as a mission specialist in 1996. lt finally opened up my
chance to fly in space.
Lydia: Dr. Doi, what type of preparation was involved besides the obvious
required training from NASA? For instance, is there any type of psychological
testing to make sure one doesn't "go bonkers" in space?
Dr. Doi: ln this line of work you must be true to yourself. ln space, we
encounter unexpected things so you must be able to believe in yourself and
do what you think is right. You also must be physically healthy in order io fly
in space. We exercise regularly.
Lydia: Tell me about your last thoughts as you were being suited up and
then upon being jettisoned into space? What does one do while waiting?
Dr. Doi: The Space Shuttle Columbia, lifted off on schedule. I waited for the
launch aboard the Shuttle [for] about three hours. During that time, I calmly
thought about my career and all the training I had received. We reached
space in 8 minutes and 30 seconds. During the launch I sat mid-deck with
Leonid Kadenyuk who was the first Ukrainian astronaui. We shouted, 'Go! Gol
Go!'. We were very happy.When the main engine stopped, and I started float-
ing I realised that I was in space.
Lydia: ... and when you got back to earth? What was the first thing you did?
Dr. Doi: I opened the circuit breaker in the cockpit, and cut the power to
the shuttle's landing gear and then felt I was home.
Lydia: And what lesson did you bring back with you and would like to reveal
to your fellow earthlings?
Dr. Doi: I rediscovered the beauty of the Earth during my flight: the glitter-
ing blue ocean, white clouds changing their shapes every moment, and the
land where we live. The shining Earth in the pitch-dark universe was divine.
am very proud to have been born on this Earth.
Lydia: As a young schoolboy, did you ever think you were headed for a
space adventure?
Dr. Doi: When I was in eighth grade, my friend asked me to observe
sunspots with him. Soon after I got a telescope and have loved star gazing
ever since. ln I97I,l observed Mars and the M13 star cluster with a 20cm
reflecting telescope. Around that time I started thinking that I would like to
work in a space-related field and dedicate my life to solving the mysteries of
space.
Lydia: What personal goals do you have? ls there anything else you would
to accomplish? "Astronaut" is a tough act to followl
like
Dr. Doi: I am also interested in astronomy. I would still like to solve the
mysteries of the Universe.
Lydia: Well, listeners that was the affable Dr. Doi... the first crew member
assigned to the Space Shuttle crew that will deliver the first module of the
Japanese laboratory, Kibo, to the lnternational Space Station. His duties
involve attachment and initial set-up of the Kibo Japanese Experiment
Logistics Module... A tall order for a very well prepared professional and
most deserving individual.
Now you'll hear Part 3 again. That's the end of Part 3.
Part 4
Part 4 consists of two tasks.
You will hear five short extracts in which people are talking
about their position in a company. For questions 2l-25, choose
from the list A-H the person who is speaking. Now look at task 2.
For questions 26-30, choose from the list A-H what each speaker
is expressing. While you listen you must complete both tasks.
Speaker I ten minute drive from my house. You can't get much better than that.
l've been at Miffler and Dundlan Paper Branch for eight years and in this
position for over five years. I started out in sales. To be honest, lhad no
real aspirations to get this position and was quite surprised when corporate
offered me the promotion. I'm a friendly person. I went into sales because
like making relationships with clients and I believe it was a real gift of mine.
My first year on the job, I made more sales and earned more money for the
company than people who had been there for years. Needless to say, I made
quite an impression with the corporate branch and they decided to promote
me. So now, here I am. The money is definitely a lot better. But, in my posi-
tion now, I get a lot less contact with clients and don't have too many
opportunities to be that f riendly person lwas in sales. ln fact, the managerial
aspect of it means I often have to be the 'bad guy'. I'm in charge of holding
people accountable when their work falls short and just recently the corpo-
rate branch made me let some of my employees go due to downsizing. I try
to ... you know... still be friendly with my employees and hold office parties
to boost moral. However, the reality is that now that lam in charge, my
friendly-jokester days in this office are over.
Speaker 2
I've had this job for three and a half years although it was never part of
life plan. I came to this company right out of universiiy. I graduated with a
degree in graphic design and really wanted to work for an internet company
designing websites. However, after graduation, I really struggled to find work
and it got to the point where ljust had to get any job I could f ind in order to
earn some money. I registered with a temporary work agency and they con-
nected me with Miffler and Dundlan. The pay and the benefits are decent;
nothing worth bragging about, but I am able io live comfortably. I work with
some nice people, which really helps me get through the day, as there really
isn't a lot of work for me to do. My main job is to answer ihe phone and
take messages. I also occasionally schedule meetings and file documents.
But the employees here are pretty independent in that regard. So when the
phone doesn't ring there isn't a lot for me to do. Killing time has become an
arl for me. I spend a lot of time checking my e-mails and playing solitaire.
It's almost embarrassing how good lam at the game because it reveals how
often lactually play. I used to spend time working on my own personal web-
page and online portfolio. That has been placed on the back burner these
last few years and I'm not really sure why. I mean, I don't want to be in this
position forever and I truly do want to pursue graphic design. I guess I've
just gotten myself into a rut and need to find the motivation to get out of it.
Speaker 3
I've been working in this department of Miffler and Dundlan for twenty years
now and I love it more with each passing day. My main responsibilities are
recruiting, training, and looking after [the] welfare of the staff. My job is the
most important thing in my life right now. I am always the first in the office
and the last to leave. I often work weekends and holidays and I've never
taken a sick day - even when I was suffering with pneumonia. I really admire
my boss and I somewhat consider myself his wingman. He values my loyalty
and dedication which is why lam always his go-to person for important
I tasks or when he needs someone to keep an eye on the other employees
when he is not around. I consider myself the assistant to the regional man-
ager. Although, no one else really does. I'm 0K with that. I don't need total
recognition for all the behind the scenes work I do. I have been offered other
jobs during my time here, some of which had better pay and benefits. l've
looked into it, of course. However, none of those places seemed to place the
emphasis on loyalty like Miffler and Dundlan does. That is why I've stuck
around and will probably be here uniil retirement...if i can get myself to
retire. I can't imagine not coming into work every day.
Speaker 4
I have been working here for two years now. I have to be honest; it's a
really easy job for me. I guess I'm just a natural at talking to clients and
potential buyers. Just today lclosed two important deals over lunch, which is
more than some of my co-workers can do in a week. lf I were really ambi-
tious, I'd try to keep this pace up all day, but I like that I have spare time to
relax and goof around a bit. I'm a little bit of a prankster. 0k, that's an
understatement. I pull practical jokes all the time. Just yesterday, my co-
worker opened his desk to find his stapler inside a dome of gelatin. The
entire office was in stitches. I don't think I cross any lines with my practical
jokes. Nor do I think that limpede the efficiency of this company. lf anything,
I think I make us a little more efficient. This is not the most interesting job in
the world and if people honestly spent eight hours straight glued to their
work I think they would go insane with boredom. Giving them reasons to
laugh boosts office morale and makes this a more pleasant working environ-
ment. I have some co-workers who try to push me to look for a better job.
They think that this place is a waste of my talent, and perhaps they are
right. But I'm satisfied here. I am able to pay my bills and I get to laugh
everyday. I suppose I'm not that typical ambitious business person, but I'm
0K with that. I can't imagine the prestige of a better job making the quality
of my life improve too much. So I'm staying put. Besides, the office is only a
Speaker 5
I've been at Miffler and Dundlan for ten years now. There are so many nega-
I tive connotations attached to my job title. People always ask me: 'How on
earth can you spend everyday working with nUUbetSl'But I honestly enjoy
myself . I can't really explain why, but I really love my job and everything it
entails. Or at least, llike the work aspect of it. I like keeping the books.
However, sometimes, my co-workers really get on my nerves. I mean, when I
come into work, lcome to work and nothing else. My social life is something
totally separate from the office and I find it inappropriate to mix profession-
al and social life. The other two guys that I work with are not as focused as
me and are always talking about football, their families or what they did
over the weekend. I often have to push them to get back on track. That
makes them resent me a little, but that's not my fault. We have a job to do.
Most of the employees here go out together on weekends or go to get a
drink together after work, but I always opt out of those activities. lt's not
that I'm anti-social, I just choose to spend my free time with other people. I
forty hours a week. That's quite enough.
mean, I see these people
Now you'll hear Part 4 again. That's the end of Part 4.
my

Part 1
TEST 10
You'll hear three different extracts. For questions 1-6, choose
the answer (A, B or C) which fits best according to what you
hear. There are two questions for each extract.
EXTRACT 1
You will hear a discussion in which a man talks to his good
friend about her upcoming trip.
Now look at questions I and 2.
John: So Michelle, you are leaving for Australia, huh? This seems kind of sud-
den. What made you want to pick up and leave so suddenly?
Michelle: Well, it only seems sudden to you and everyone because I haven't
told anyone about it. But l've honestly been thinking about it for a few
months now. I don't know. I guess I just needed to get out of here for a bit.
I guess I'm in a bit of a rut in life and want to do something drastic to get
out of it.
John: What do you mean you're in a rut?
Michelle: John, I have the same routine everydayl Work, home, sleep, get up
and do it all over again. I'm bored. Plus, l've never left the country before ever
and I say it's high time. I'm still young with no one else to be responsible for,
and lhaven't taken even one day off work for over two years. l'm due.
John: What do you think you're going to do there? lmean, where are you
going to stay?
Michelle: lguess lhaven't thought of that. ljust bought the ticket about
hour ago. But l'm sure there are hostels everywhere. I'm trying to just go
where the wind takes me. I'm not going to do a lot of planning.
John: Wow, that sounds exciting! Have a wonderful time.
Now you will hear the recording again.
EXTRACT 2
You will hear a conversation where two friends discuss the
restaurant they just left.
Now look at questions 3 and 4.
Julie: That restaurant was absolutely divinel lt was such a beautiful restau-
rant - so classy. lt has got to be one of the best I have ever dined at.
Tate: I think the atmosphere went to your head a little too much, Julie. lt
was definitely a good-looking restaurant. But lthink the food left something
to be desired. I couldn't even finish my steak and you know IhaI I usually
clean my plate. But it was so dry. And speaking of dry... that wine was terri-
ble. I can't believe it cost that much money. Cheap boxed wine is a thousand
times better than whatever that was that we just consumed.
Julie: Tate, you must be mad, Everything about that experience was won-
derful. Yes, I admit, I loved the decor, the violins and the servers dressed in
tuxedos. But my taste buds left pleased as well! I suppose that type of food
is an acquired taste... Anyway. I loved it.
Tate: Well, I'm still hungry. Could we get a burger before we go to the show?
Julie: No way. A burger dressed like this? We're really going to stand out.
Tate: I honestly don't think I am going to make it to the intermission if I felt I owed it to her to succeed.
don't eat some decent food really soon.
Julie: 0K I suppose we can go, if we have to. lt'll be my treat, since you
didn't want to go to the restaurant in the first place. I guess next time I go
there, it won't be with you.
Tate: You can say that again!
Now you will hear the recording again.
EXTRACT 3
You will hear part of an interview with a medical student.
Now look at questions 5 and 6.
lnterviewer: So you are in your fourth year of medical school now, is that
correct?
Gus: That's right. Wow, time has really flown by. My first day of class feels
like yesterday,
lnterviewer: And why did you want to pursue medicine?
Gus: I suppose for the same reason why anyone pursues any career.
Because I love science and medicine...and throughout undergraduate school
discovered that I have a talent for it as well. I think that's got to be the key
to being happy in your career: enjoying it and using your talents. Well that
and also feeling like your job is important. And for me, I really feel like I will
make a real difference in this career.
Interviewer: What kind of medicine do you want to go into?
Gus: 0phthalmology. ln layman's terms, I will be working with eyes.
lnterviewer: Really?
Gus: I know it doesn't sound as exciting as running around the Emergency
Room and saving lives every day, but in reality it fits perfectly in [with] my
life plans.
lnterviewer: How so?
Gus: Well, it has a normal schedule - as in, no overnighters. This is important
for me because I want to have a family and this allows me to have more
time with my children. Also, there is a high demand for cataract surgery in
Latin American countries. I speak Spanish and I love travelling. This will give
me the opportunity to take regular trips to these countries to work. The last
reason is quite simple...the pay is really good.
lnterviewer: Those all sound like good reasons to me! Best of luck to you.
Now you will hear the recording again. That's the end of Part 1.
Part 2
You will hear a freelancing Graphic Designer called Alec Zaki
talking about how he came into his career. For questions 7-14,
complete the sentences.
My name is Alec Zaki. I do freelance 3D computer graphics and animation,
with a whole lot of multimedia thrown in too. Although I've worked for other
people in the past, I'm primarily my own boss these days. I much prefer being
self-employed. 0riginally, when I started out, I planned on doing the usual big-
blockbuster animated features thing, but eventually found my own niche.
My stuff tends to be more down-to-earth. I'm not too "arty." I usually cre-
ate animations and graphics for TV commercials, TV shows and other video
productions; as well as visualization stuff, such as in the medical or architec-
tural areas.
A lot of my work ends up as elemenis in print and web design, too. As a
freelancer, I found it limiting to make a freelance career out of just 3D ani-
an mation, so I became an expert on all sorts of multimedia skills; flash anima-
tion, web design, CD authoring and so on. I find it extremely rewarding.
Between my freelance work and my work for TV production facilities, it's
really hard to list the work I've done in the past. I know I can document over
900 television commercials, TV shows and infomercials that l've done graph-
ics for (3D or otherwise). I've also done print and web elements, as well as
animations for corporate projects.
Besides animations, I've also created 3D virtual sets for TV, such as one I
did for a show called "Power Play." This show featured new and upcoming
computer game releases, with the host interviewing game programmers and
such. The show took place in space, in a spaceship that looked very much
like a game controller, which I modelled and animated in 3D. I loved doing
that show. lt was heavily 3D graphics oriented and kept me really busy. lt
was filled with 3D rooms, animations, bumpers, elements, and so on.
I didn't get into animation the way most people do. I came by way of TV.
Behind-the-scenes stuff such as television production, master control, stuff
like that. I loved doing the work, having spent almost twenty years doing it.
But, it started running its course with me. I found myself in a rut. This was
the late 1990s and by that time, I'd fallen completely in love with 3D graphics.
My wife suggested I go back to college full-time for 3D animation. Being a
bit older than the other students, I worked really hard to make myself stand
out. At the time, I thought I needed to graduate with as much talent as if I
had been in the industry all along, just to compete with everyone else. I
probably tortured myself a bit ioo much, but I loved the subject and it
worked for me. My wife was also earning the income for the two of us and I
When I graduated, I thought I was getting out of the TV racket, but a
month later I got a job in...you guessed it...television. This time in broadcast
graphics. I loved the job but in 2002, the lousy economy forced me to
become a freelancer. The rest is history.
Now you will hear Part 2 again. That's the end of Part 2.
Part 3
You will hear part of a radio interview in which professional
golfer, Amy Hartman, is being interviewed. For questions l5-2O,
choose the answer (A, B, C or D), which fits best according to
what you hear.
Jackson: We are here today with golfing phenomenon, Amy Hartman. She
won countless national and international tournaments. Now, Amy, I was glanc-
ing through your website profile and noticed that you were involved in a
variety of sports throughout junior high and high school. What did golf have
I that these other sports were lacking that pushed you to keep playing?
Amy: I felt like I could become more successful with golf. I realise it more
and more now that unlike track, volleyball and gymnastics, golf is a lot easi-
er on my body as well. I will be able to play golf a lot longer than any other
sport that I have ever participated in.
Jackson: 0n any given day, is there any specific food diet you try to stick
to on and off the course?
Amy: I always stick to my fruit smoothies in the morning. I am overall a
pretty healthy person. Once in a blue moon, I will have a cheeseburger... and
not feel guiliy about it. I am a fruits, nuts, and grains kind of girl. I didn't like
the health food that my parents fed me as a child but am thankful now for
it's just become a habit. I don't even consider cooking greasy food, or having
a doughnut for breakfast because it's never been an option for me.
Jackson: I'm sure you spend endless amounts of time at the driving range
each week, but what do you do when you're not swinging a golf club?
Amy: (laughter) Are you asking whether or not lhave a social life? I admit
it's hard, because I do not have a lot of time. And of course, when I do have
time, I am often quite exhausted, This may make me sound really pathetic,
but I spend a lot of time with my cat at home actually. He's a little goofy.
He is constantly at my feet when I am at home, especially when I have been
gone for a few weeks. I also watch a lot of movies, and spend time catching
up wiih my friends. I always keep myself busy somehow whether it's any of
the above or working out at the gym, reading a book, or r,vorking on some
art piece that I always promise myself that I would finish. I can't remember
the last time I was bored.
Jackson: Your website, Amy Golf, has grown huge in popularity in the golf
blog community in only the few months it's been around. What do you con-
tribute the success of your site to?
Amy: I didn't realise this at first but many golf fans want to get more
insight into the life of touring professionally beyond the scoreboard or a ran-
dom article on some random website. So simply the fact that I frequently
updated my blog or shared what I have on my iPod or photographs from my
life got me a big following. And now it is almost viral. I got more interviews
- that get me more fans - and more bloggers have rolled my site as a result
of the fresh content and updates. I always thank a lot of people on my site
because my site's success is as much mine as it is theirs.
Jackson: There are plenty of superstitious people in the world. Do you
any superstitions such as an item you must have with you when you're play-
ing? lf so, how did you come by it?
Amy: You may believe me or not but I have absolutely no superstitions.
have been asked this same question several times and still have not been
able to come up with an answer. I have a favourite shirt that I like to wear
during big tournaments...but l'm not superstitious about it at all. I simply tike
itl Sorry if that's a disappointing answer.
Jackson: With turning only 26 in May, are there any other goals or plans
you'd like to accomplish in your lifetime?
Amy: Well, although I am only 26 years old, I am one of the oldest girls out
there on the futures tour. A lot of girls have 3 or 4 years more experience
in competition than me. So for right now I am very dedicated to the goals
that I've set for myself on tour, and to making it to the LPGA Tour. I don't
like to plan too far ahead in life. I just take it one step at a time.
Now you'll hear Part 3 again. That's the end of Part 3.
Part 4
Part 4 consists of two tasks.
You will hear five short extracts in which people are talking
about their job in transport. For questions 2l-25, choose f rom
the list A-H the form of transport that the speaker is talking
about. Now look at task 2. For questions 26-30, choose f rom the
list A-H what each speaker is expressing. While you listen you
must complete both tasks.
Speaker 1
I like it best when the people I pick up like to talk and know how to hold a
conversation. I know a lot of people in my line of work prefer just to take
people from point A to point B without the needless chit chat, but I would
get too bored if it wasn't for the social aspect of this job. I especially love
tourists. I'm definitely rare in that regard. But I love pointing out parts of the
city that I think they should visit - or warning them to avoid certain tourist
traps. llove hearing people's stories - learning what brought them here,
where they come from, etc. Certainly, many people prefer to simply tell me
their destination and then sit in silence or doodle on their blackberry until we
arrive. 0f course, I should respect that, but that's not always easy to do.
That's probably one of my faults: I don't know when I should just be quiet
and I end up annoying people. 0f course, I like to believe that most people
truly love listening to me. And perhaps this is unethical, but if lmeet some-
one who's company I found particularly enjoyable, I will lower their fare.
Speaker 2
Sometimes it's hard working with such wealthy people on a daily basis. I
admit it, I overhear their conversations about their country clubs, their fancy
cars or their mansions and ldefinitely get jealous. lt's not that I am poor by
any means, llive a comfortable life and we are not in need of anything. But
when I work it's like I am entering an entirely different world than the world
that llive in. Despite this being my job, when my family flies, we sit economy
class. Like most people, we get our elbows hit by the drink cart and com-
plain of the lack of leg room. But the people I fly around not only do not
have to worry about the other passengers bothering them, they also have
beds and champagne on board with theml lt's really quite a life. They treat
me well though. When I do overnight flights, they usually arrange for me to
stay at a pretty fancy hotel, so I get to experience how the other half lives.
Speaker 3
labsolutely love my job. These children light up my life and give me some-
thing to smile about every day. Of course they also can tire me out. Many of
them are too energetic to sit in their seats their entire route. Moreover, as
is natural with young children, there are always some older children picking
on the younger ones. That is the biggest challenge of the job because I can't
discipline like a teacher would be able to. I need to keep my hands on the
wheel and my eyes on the road. Luckily, I have earned enough respect that
many of them listen to me when I holler at them to sit down and behave. To
help me out, I have asked one of my older students to be on patrol. I think
she likes the responsibility. I gave her a badge that she wears as she walks
up and down the aisle telling people to sit down or not to yell. lt's actually
quite amazing how well the other students respond to herl She's the first
one I pick up in the morning and the last off on the way home in the after-
noon. After all the other students get off in the afternoon I give her a hand-
ful of candy. She considers it her salary.
Speaker 4
I mostly just take couples around. People see my ride as something extract-
ed from a fary tale. Like it's the way a prince and a princess ride off
together to live happily ever after. Now of course, having been doing this for
nearly twenty years, I certainly have a different take on it. The horses are
have usually the ones breaking the romantic ideal for the couple. Mostly because
they really do not carry the most pleasant aroma. Let's just say, it's not
always just pure romance in the air. I still remember one time when a man
I was proposing to his girlfriend and he had to stop in the middle of his beau-
tiful romantic overture because he kept gagging from the horrible stench
coming a few feet in front of him. lt was quite funny actually. But I do admit,
I am lucky to bear witness to so many proposals or anniversaries or jusi
people in love celebrating for no other reason except for that. And I enjoy
the ride, too. We pass through some amazing scenery that even after all this
time I'm still not tired of looking at it. lt's all quite enchanting.
Speaker 5
People think that I mostly drive wealthy people around. But that is not the
case. You'd be surprised how many people just want to take a night to spoil
themselves and in a way, pretend to be rich for a night. My main jobs are
weddings and high school dances. lt's especially entertaining when there are
teenagers in the vehicle because they are so fascinated by everything. The
phone is usually the favourite, which is annoying from my point of view. They
think it is just so funny that they can call me from the back seat. I love driv-
ing. I admit it, I do feel a little powerful driving such a large vehicle on the
road. lt's amazing how many people will get out of my way. 0f course, paral-
lel parking is out of the question! You do have to drive it very carefully
though and always check your mirrors. Because it is so long, there are more
blind spots than in a normal-sized car. I had to get a special licence to drive it.
Now you'll hear Part 4 again.
That's the end of Part 4.
Revision Progress Test I Revision Progress Test 4
Practice Tests: 1-2 Practice Tests: 7-8
Exercise A Exercise A
l.b, 2.c, 3.d, 4.b, 5.c l.b, 2.c, 3.d, 4.a, 5.b
Exercise B Exercise B
I .f ,2.g,3.d, 4.b, 5.c, 6.e, 7.h,8.a 1.e,2.a,3.f, 4.b, 5.g, 6.c, 7.h, 8.d
Exercise C Exercise C
l. coped, 2. rewarded, 3. accompany, 4. signified/signify, l. stacked, 2. keep, 3. underestimate, 4. aggravate,
5.hinder, 6. deem(ed), 7. incorporate, 8. raiding 5. ignited, 5. engage, 7. pull, S.perceived, 9. borne
Exercise D Exercise D
l.c, 2.c, 3.b, 4.a, 5.b Lb, 2.d, 3.c, 4.a, 5.b
Exercise E Exercise E
l.b, 2.e, 3.a, 4.h,5.c, 6.9, 7.f ,8.d l.e, 2.1 3.g, 4.h, 5.d, 6.c, 7.b,8.a
Exercise F Exercise F
l. oversee, 2. disrupted, 3. misbehaved, 4. reverted, l. goes, 2. laid, 3. unveiled, 4. rounding, 5. affirm, 6. ironing,
5. ressurect, 6. dwell, 7. prioritise, 8. vindicated 7. conceded, 8. tailor, 9. commissioned

Revision Progress Test 2 Revision Progress Test 5

Practice Tests: 3-4 Practice Tests: 9-10
Exercise A Exercise A
l.d, 2.c, 3.b, 4.a, 5.a 1.c,2.a,3.a, 4.d, 5.b
Exercise B Exercise B
1.e,2.g,3.b, 4.d, 5.h, 6.c, 7.f ,8.a l.c, 2.d, 3.e,4.a,5.g, 6.h, 7.b,8.f
Exercise C Exercise C
l. implying, 2. preserve, 3. reassure, 4. withstand, l. enhance, 2. immerse, 3. bear, 4.derive(s), S.tame,
5. consult, 6. penetrate, T. rectify, 8. acquired 6. alleged, 7. geared, 8. chastised, 9. crept
Exercise D Exercise D
l.b, 2.d, 3.a,4.d,5.b, 6.c l.d, 2.d, 3.a,4.b,5.c, 6.d
Exercise E Exercise E
l.g,2.f ,3.e, 4.d, 5.c, 5.a, 7.h, 8.b l.d, 2.b, 3.a, 4.h,5.g, 6.c, 7.f ,8.e
Exercise F Exercise F
l. proportion, 2. commitment, 3. compensation,4. pushover, l. authoriry, 2. superstition, 3. ambush, 4. upbringing,
5. ultimatum, 6. obstacle, 7. recognition, 8. undivided 5. primate, 6. proximity, 7. intuition, 8. misconception,
9. deprivation

Revision Progress Test 3

Practice Tests: 5-6
Exercise A
I .a, 2.c, 3.a, 4.d, 5.b, 6.d
Exercise B
l.g, 2.h, 3.f, 4.e, 5.a, 6.c, 7.d, 8.b
Exercise C
l. throes, 2. dominance, 3. abudance, 4. fruition, 5. hazard,
6. shortcomings, 7. revenge, 8. demise
Exercise D
1.a,2.b,3.c, 4.d, 5.c, 6.a
Exercise E
l.d, 2.c, 3.g,4.{,5.h, 6.e, 7.b,8.a
Exercise F
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