Philadelphia

p University
y
Department of Communication & Electronics
Engineering

Analog Communications
Ch1: Background and Preview

Instructor
Ibrahim N. Abu-
Abu-Isbeih

Email: abusbeih@philadelphia.edu.jo
Website: www.abusbeih.com/ecourse
 The Communication Process
In the most fundamental sense, communication involves the
transmission of information from one point to another through
a succession
i off processes.
There are three basic elements to every communication
system: (Transmitter,
(Transmitter Channel,
Channel and Receiver)

Course: Analog Communications - Ch.1 - Instructor: Ibrahim Abu-Isbeih [2]

 Communication System
The transmitter is located at one point in space and its purpose
is to transform the message signal produced by the source of
i f
information
i into
i a form
f suitable
i bl for
f transmission
i i over the h
channel.
The receiver has the task of operating on the received signal so
as to reconstruct a recognizable form of the original message
signal and to deliver it to the user destination.
The channel is the physical medium that connects the
transmitter and the receiver. The transmission medium may be
a cable,, an optical
p fiber,, or free space
p if usingg radio or infrared
communication.
- The source of information: voice, music, pictures, videos, or
d files.
data fil

Course: Analog Communications - Ch.1 - Instructor: Ibrahim Abu-Isbeih [3]

 Communication Channels
The communication channel is the physical medium that do
the transmission from transmitter to receiver.
The channels can be classified in different ways:
A channel may be linear or nonlinear.
E
Examples:
l Telephone
T l h channel
h l is
i linear
li
Satellite channel is nonlinear
A channel may be time
time-invariant
invariant or time
time-varying
varying.
Examples: Optical fiber is time-invariant
Mobile radio channel is time-varying
A channel may be bandwidth limited or power limited.
Examples: Telephone channel is bandwidth limited
O i l fiber
Optical fib andd satellite
lli channel
h l are power limited
li i d

Course: Analog Communications - Ch.1 - Instructor: Ibrahim Abu-Isbeih [4]

 Example: Communication System

Transmitter (Tx)

Source Source Channel

Modulation D/A
input Coder Coder

Channel Distortion and noise +

Reconstructed
R t t d
Signal Source Channel
demodulation A/D
output decoder decoder

R i
Receiver (Rx)
(R )

Course: Analog Communications - Ch.1 - Instructor: Ibrahim Abu-Isbeih [5]

 The Modulation Process
The purpose of a communication system is to deliver a
message signal from an information source to a user
d i i
destination.
To do this, the transmitter modifies the message signal into a
form suitable for transmission over the channel.
channel
This modification is achieved by means of a process known as
modulation, which involves varying some parameters of a
carrier wave in accordance with the message signal.
The receiver recreates the original message from the
transmitted signal after propagation through the channel using
a process known as demodulation.

Course: Analog Communications - Ch.1 - Instructor: Ibrahim Abu-Isbeih [6]

 Modulation

Baseband Passband
m(t) s(t) (modulated)
message Modulator
signal signal

c(t)
Carrier

Course: Analog Communications - Ch.1 - Instructor: Ibrahim Abu-Isbeih [7]

 Primary Communication Resources
In a communication system, there are two primary resources to
be employed:

1. Transmitted Power: The transmitted power refers to the

average power of the transmitted signal.
signal

2. Channel Bandwidth: The channel bandwidth is defined as the

band of frequencies allocated for the transmission of the
message signal.

A general system design objective is to use these two

resources as efficientlyy as ppossible.

Course: Analog Communications - Ch.1 - Instructor: Ibrahim Abu-Isbeih [8]

 The Decibel (dB)
Measure of power transfer:

1 dB = 10 log10 (Pout / Pin)

1 dBm = 10 log10 (P / 10-3) where P is in Watts

1 dBmV = 20 log10 (V / 10-3) where V is in Volts

Course: Analog Communications - Ch.1 - Instructor: Ibrahim Abu-Isbeih [9]