Mitosis & Meiosis

Ma. Christy V. Gonzales, RMT, MPH

College of Medical Laboratory Science
Our Lady of Fatima University
 Mitosis
production of two cells, each with the same
number of chromosomes as the parent cell
hereditary components are equally partitioned
into daughter cells
Meiosis
reduces the genetic content and the number of
chromosomes by half
important for sexual reproduction
Generalized Animal Cell
 Cellular Organelles
Plasma membrane
outer covering that denes the cell boundary
delimits the cell from its immediate external
environment
not passive but actively controls movement of
materials into and out of the cell
Cell wall
plant cells have an outer covering
cellulose
Glycocalyx
Covers plasma membrane
glycoproteins and polysaccharides
provides biochemical identity at the surface of cells
 Cellular Organelles

Prokaryotes
lack a nuclear envelope and membranous organelles
Groups:
Eubacteria
genetic material is present as a long, circular DNA
molecule compacted into an unenclosed region called
the nucleoid
Archae
 Cellular Organelles

Eukaryotes
Nucleus
membrane-bound structure that houses the genetic
material
Nucleolus
amorphous component
ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is synthesized
initial stages of ribosomal assembly occur.
NOR
portions of DNA that encode rRNA
 Cellular Organelles

Eukaryotes
Cytoplasm
remainder of the cell excluding the nucleus
extranuclear cellular organelles
Cytosol
colloidal material surrounds cellular organelles
Microtubules
protein tubulin cytoskeleton
Microlaments
actin
 Cellular Organelles

Eukaryotes
Cytoplasm
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
increases surface area available for biochemical
synthesis
smooth and rough
Ribosomes
serve as sites where genetic information contained
in messenger RNA (mRNA) is translated into
proteins
 Cellular Organelles

Eukaryotes
Cytoplasm
Mitochondria
sites of the oxidative phases of cell respiration
generate large amounts of the energy-rich molecule ATP
Chloroplasts
plants, algae, and some protozoans
associated with photosynthesis
Similarities:
contain DNA in a form distinct from that found in the
nucleus
duplicate themselves and transcribe and translate their own
genetic information
 Cellular Organelles

Eukaryotes
Cytoplasm
Centrioles
located in a specialized region called the
centrosome
associated with the organization of spindle bers
derived from basal body
Spindle bers
movement of chromosomes
composed of arrays of microtubules consisting of
polymers of the protein tubulin
Chromosome
Homologous Pairs of Chromosome
 Terminologies

Diploid
Haploid
Homologous pair
Locus
Sister chromatid
Karyotype
Allele
Autosomal chromosomes
Sex-determining chromosomes
 Mitosis

Karyokinesis

Cytokinesis
 Interphase

Characteristics of cells:
one-half the size of
parent cell
incomplete cellular organelles
Non-replicated chromosomes
 Interphase

Phases:
G1
Cells become committed to continue cell cycle
G0

S
replication of the DNA of each chromosome
G2
volume of the cell has roughly doubled
Mitosis
H
Meiosis I
Meiosis I
Meiosis II
H
Thank you !
___END___

MCVG, RMT, MPH