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IEEE PES ISGT ASIA 2012 1569538915
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A. System configuration L2g=0.73mH is calculated using (7). Thus in total the L2gC3g
part reduces the grid current ripple to 2%.
The consequent resonant frequency is 775Hz, which is in
the range between 10fB (500Hz) and 1/2fPWM (975Hz).
4) The impedance of the filter capacitor at the resonant
frequency is 2.05, so the damping value R3g is chosen as
one-third, i.e., 0.68.
TABLE I
LCL filter parameters on GSC side
L1g L2g Rg Cg
Fig. 2. Configuration of a DFIG system with two LCL filters 1.0e-3H 0.73e-3H 0.68 100F
Fig. 2 shows the overall configuration of a DFIG system In summary, the LCL filter parameters on GSC side are list
with a Y connected LCL filter on GSC side and a delta in TABLE I.
connected LCL filter on RSC side respectively. The DFIG is
rated at 2.5MW with a 690V voltage (line to line, 50Hz). The Substituting L1g, L2g, C3g and R3g into (1), the transfer
stator rotor turns ratio is 0.3, and other parameters are listed in function becomes:
the Appendix. The converter dc-link capacitor is 20,000uF,
the dc-link reference voltage is set at 1,200V, and the
6.8 105 s + 1
switching frequency is 1,950Hz for both the converters. H (s) = 11 3 7 2 3
(13)
With the control of the back-to-back converter, DFIG 7.3 10 s + 1.18 10 s + 1.73 10 s
realizes maximum wind power tracking control and decoupled Bode Diagram
P-Q control [9]. The controllers are typically designed in a dq 50
rotating frame using proportional-plus-integral (PI) based
control strategies. The appearance of the LCL filter brings a 0
Frequency (Hz): 1950
little change to the rotating frame as well as the controller Magnitude (dB): -37.2
design. In [10], state feedback control was used to guarantee -50
the stability of a PWM inverter with an LCL filter. However,
the approach increased complexity in the control algorithm. -100
-90
In fact, PI control parameters are generally designed only
considering the low frequency components. As the -135
fundamental component of the output currents of both GSC
and RSC is at low frequency, and the capacitor branch -180
presents low pass characteristics for the high frequency
components, the capacitor branch can be neglected while -225
1 2 3 4
10 10 10 10
determining the control parameters. Thus the PI controllers for Frequency (Hz)
the converter with LCL filters can be designed by only
Fig. 3. Bode plot of LCL filter on GSC side
adapting the parameters of the PI controllers that is already
used for the converter with L filter configuration.
The bold lines in Fig. 3 are the bode plot of the LCL filter
B. Y connected LCL filter design for GSC on GSC side. It can be seen that the filter has satisfactory
Taking the constraints proposed in Section II into filtering performance with the gain of -37.2dB for 1950Hz
consideration, the systematic procedure to design the filter on signal, and higher frequency harmonics get higher attenuation.
The slender lines shows the bode plot of an L filter with a
GSC side is as follows.
7.2mH inductance. It can be concluded that in order to get the
1) According to (4), in order to obtain a 20% current
same attenuation as the LCL filter, a much larger inductance
ripple of I1g, a minimum value of 0.65mH is required for value is required for the L filter.
inductance L1g. L1g should be less than 2.2mH according to (5).
Here, 1.0mH is adopted for L1g. C. Delta connected LCL filter design for RSC
2) The maximum value of capacitor C3g is 167F under The frequency of RSC current varies in accordance with the
the 5% power factor limit, but capacitor value cannot be too rotor speed to keep stator frequency constant. Assume the
low to avoid too high a value of grid side inductance L2g. Here DFIG in our study operates at a maximum speed of 1.2pu on
C3g is set at 100F. If other constraints cannot be met, it will high wind speed conditions. Thus a 0.2pu slip frequency
be increased up to the maximum value. exists and consequently the rotor current frequency is 10Hz
3) Selecting a current ripple attenuation of 10% with (in negative sequence).
respect to the ripple on the converter side, a value of
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Magnitude (dB)
1) In order to obtain a 20% current ripple of I1r, a
minimum value of 0.36mH is required for inductance L1r
according to (4). To enhance the ability of current tracking, L1r
is set at 0.5mH, a little larger than the required value, which is
also less than 4.6mH according to (5).
2) The filter is delta connected on RSC side. With less
capacitance, the delta connected LCL filter can achieve the
Phase (deg)
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IcA/kA
shows the effectiveness of the LCL filter.
(a)
ICA/kA
(a)
IrA/kA
(b)
IgA/kA
(b)
Mag(kA)
(c)
Mag(kA)
(c)
Mag(kA)
(d)
Mag(kA)
(d)
V. CONCLUSION
By analyzing the characteristic of the LCL filter, the
constraints on designing the parameters of the LCL filter are
Fig. 6. Phase A currents on GSC side and the spectrums provided. Based on the constraints, two LCL filters, one in Y
Taking into account the active power consumed by the connection and one in delta connection, are designed for the
damping resistor and the reactive power provided by the back-to-back converter of a 2.5MW DFIG. The detailed
capacitor, the losses are 0.48% of rated power, and the power design procedures are proposed as well. PSCAD/EMTDC
factor is 4.4% consequently. simulation and analysis results show that the THD of the
Phase A currents on RSC side with their spectrums are current after filtering is 1.70% on GSC side and 1.64% on
shown in Fig. 7. IcA is the converter side current and IrA is RSC side respectively, which verified the effectiveness of the
rotor side current. The analysis results are list in TABLE IV. designed filters in attenuating harmonics produced by the
back-to-back converter.
TABLE IV
Phase A currents on RSC side (RMS: kA)
VI. APPENDIX
Overall Fundamental Overall-harmonic
current current currents
THD DFIG parameters:
Turn ratio: 0.3
IcA 0.5388 0.5374 0.0386 7.19%
Stator resistance: 0.023pu
IrA 0.5443 0.5442 0.0089 1.64% Rotor resistance: 0.0396pu
Stator leakage inductance: 0.104pu
The fundamental current on rotor side is a little larger than Rotor leakage inductance: 0.106pu
that of the converter side because the power flows form rotor Magnetizing inductance: 2.93pu
side to converter side due to supersynchronous operation. The
THD is 7.19% at converter terminal and it is reduced to 1.64% REFERENCES
on rotor side, and the loss is 0.22%, which also demonstrates [1] "IEEE Recommended Practices and Requirements for Harmonic Control
the good performance of the LCL filter. in Electrical Power Systems," IEEE Std 519-1992, p. 0_1, 1993-01-01
1993.
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BIOGRAPHIES
Jinyu Wen received the B.Eng. and Ph.D. degrees all in electrical
engineering from HUST, Wuhan, China, in 1992 and 1998, respectively. He
was a visiting student from 1996 to 1997 and research scholar from 2002 to
2003 all at the University of Liverpool UK. In 2003 he entered the HUST and
now is a professor at HUST. His current research interests include smart grid,
renewable energy, energy storage, FACTS, HVDC and power system
operation and control.