Balintawak North Intermodal Facility-Robiesanchez 1

APPROVAL SHEET
MAPUA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY 1
MAPUA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

School of Architecture, Industrial Design and the Built Environment
Manila, Philippines
A Proposed Balintawak North Multimodal Transportation Hub

A study of Redevelopment of Balintawak Market to a sustainable Community and
Development of Traffic Management in EDSA
A Thesis presented to
The Faculty of School of Architecture
In partial fulfillment of the course requirements in

Architectural Design10: Architectural Design Thesis
For the degree of
Bachelor of Science in Architecture
Submitted by
Robie Michaell A. Sanchez
On
January 18, 2013
School of Architecture, Industrial Design and the Built Environment 1


About the Author
As a student Robie Sanchez
was always a hard worker, his
diligence in and out of the
institute made him aware of the
real situations in our society. He
is an avid fan of art and
architecture, whether in designing and graphic, he always
see to it that he is updated. He graduated high school in
Norte Dame of greater Manila in Caloocan were all of his
dreams began.


Table of Contents
Title Page
Approval Sheet 1
Certificate of Originality 2
Table of Contents 3
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background 4
1.2 Statement of the Problem 5
1.3 Project Goals, Objectives and Strategies 7
1.4 Significance of the Research 8
1.5 Review of Related Literature 9
1.6 Framework 14
1.7 Research Methodology 16
1.8 Scope and Limitation 23
1.9 Definition of Terms 24
CHAPTER 2 RESEARCH FOCUS

2.1 Rationale 25
2.2 Discussion of principles 26
2.3 Recommendations for application 31
CHAPTER 3 ARCHITECTURAL
PROGRAMMING
3.1 Site Selection Process
3.1.1 Introduction 34
3.1.2 Description of Site Options 37
3.1.3 Site Selection and Justification 39
3.1.4 Site analysis 39
3.1.5 Laws and Ordinances 64
3.1.6 Site Development Options 66

Chapter 1 can observe the dire rampant increase in traffic volume,
and therefore lessening the chance of a more prosperous

Introduction
development. Moreover, the stations or different
transportation nodes are scattered around the metro,
1.1 Background of the Study making transportation sluggish and perplexed. For our
On the growth of our nation lie the development and the modern commuters, society must evolve within its own time,
drive of our economy to strive and live above it all. On and the development and the social users must be
these modern developments, our world is engaged in fast synchronized in mounting.
phased society, a society that we who are inhibiting its As we can observe on our roads, streets, and etc., we direly
domain should not be left behind by its paces. But for this, observe the abundance of each and each terminals gaining
different problems and issues come out that are needed to rampant on our city. it is essential that these terminals are
be solved. Above all the rising development that we can thrown anywhere along our roads but in this minor reason
observe in the city, lays a much more intricate problem that we get minimal benefits and therefore creates a
behind it. In a growing economy, the primary needs are for problem that the majority suffers in our everyday life.
the basic transport to be a basic necessity, but casually, we

Its been long said that it is needed to have a unified 1.2 Statement the Problem
transportation transit for buses and other transportation In EDSA the bulk of the traffic flow specifically consists of
modes in Northern Luzon, specifically in the Metro Manila. buses, whether it is a city bus or provincial buses, privately-
With this, an Intermodal Hub of the northern region is owned cars, jeepneys, Fx taxis and tricycles or motorcycles.
proposed. With this proposition, a unified terminal will Traffic volume is observed in several sections especially
connect each transit into one organized port. during the peak hour periods.
MMDAs long term plan is to eradicate provincial buses On the area of south Caloocan specifically the Monumento
along the boulevard of EDSA, and maintaining city buses area, the terminal of buses along Rizal Ave. Road near the
only, in which traffic volume will gradually be, lessen. corner of EDSA became the cause of traffic by that area.
It has been well studied that the area of South Caloocan, Buses line up along the rotunda to get to their respective
known to be the transshipment point of goods and services terminals. This also becomes a problem for the passengers
in northwestern part of Metro Manila, shares the common safety. These passengers mostly are also passengers from
problem of traffic congestion. In which is an ideal locale to the Jeepneys and the train station (LRT).
establish a transportation hub for the northern part of NCR. This area is also near the main supermarkets around the
area namely Uniwide supermarket, Ever Gotesco Malls, and

specifically the Victory Center Mall which is beside the This proposal aims to address the following questions:
preferred site all of which has a wet & dry market, Is there a need for a unified transportation facility?
shopping center, school (care giver), radio stations, & How can a unified bus terminal be an effective technical
offices. From this, a passenger from the given site works and architectural solution for traffic flow on affected areas
there or does their shopping at the complex. (EDSA, and other major Roads)?
Hence, on the area of Araneta center, Cubao and EDSA How can a unified transportation facility help the traffic
Cubao areas. It has been a long tradition that this area is flow of the affected areas?
the main transportation center for the provincial buses. This How will the transportation hub gather or link the
area tends buses to pile up. With each respective terminals, passengers from the different transportation terminals, MRT
buses line up along the streets and crowd the day up in a station, buses, etc. to use the facility?
heavy gust of traffic and not mentioning the holidays In How will the transport planning affect the architectural
which these areas is mounded up by commuters as countless design?
as grains of sands.

1.3 Project Goals, Objectives and Strategies 1.3.2 Objective
1.3.1 Goals Main objective of this study is to reroute provincial buses
The proposals main goal is to establish a structure that will that are destined to go thru the northern part regions of
convene the needs and standards of travelling passengers Luzon travelling around EDSA.
of different destinations. a. The study aims to Plan a good circulation for
a. The study will unite different bus transportation pedestrians and transportation.
facilities into one inter-transportation hub. b. The study aims to provide a linkage between the
b. The propose project aims to separate peoples LRT station and the Jeepney stations to the
circulation from the vehicle circulation for peoples centralize terminal.
safety within the terminal. c. The study aims to provide traffic routes for the
c. The study will tend lessen the hazardous condition area that would lessen the traffic volume of the
on the site. site and to provide safety for the pedestrians
and passengers.

1.3.3 Assumption and Hypothesis To sum it all, it would be a great aid for the users or
With regards to the effectiveness of its architectural passengers to easily use the site for its simplified and well
planning and design, it would help and solve modern planned structure.
problems and would render immense solutions on our 1.4 Significance of the Study
society. The main objective of the study is to eradicate provincial
Its affect on the traffic volume with regards to its traffic buses that are destined to go thru the northern part regions
schemes on relocated bus terminals would have a huge of Luzon travelling around EDSA; its significance is its
effect on the movement of traffic on our major roads. variable effects on the major roads affected. Significantly,
Traffic volume on the site would have a huge impact on the its purpose is to lessen traffic throughout our major roads.
proposal, it direly change its natural condition based on the Primarily, it will unite the major bus terminals and other
preferred traffic scheme. transportation nodes into one multi-nodal facility. Moreover,
As per observation of the existing site, pedestrian count of this research basically will transfer most provincial bus
the site would rapidly increase, it would rationally depend terminals in the site.
on the architectural planning, and it must have a modern Furthermore, its significance is its viability to contribute on
approach and standards. the modern day traffic planning of our society. It will

therefore improve the situation of our day to day traffic 1.5 Review of Related Literature and Studies
that is surrounding the metro. Moreover, its proposed The research main goal as have stated, is to specifically
rerouting schemes will help device the probable aid to reroute main transportation buses along the EDSA
lessen the out coming and incoming traffic. Boulevard destined to go thru the northern regions of Luzon.
MMDAs long term plan is to maximize the potentials of our In counter to these objectives, it is beneficial in reviewing
modern roads, but with such hindrances among these related studies and literature to have a parallel and
possibilities none of which could be certain. But with conjoining outcome.
establishing this proposal, potentials could be modern 1.5.1 River Garden Palace (Thesis 2009)
solutions in our daily being. Its primary significance is to The River Garden Palace is a thesis proposed by Ms.
stabilize Safety influence design for the passengers that Christine Dela Cruz in (2009), its site is located along JP.
could provide guidelines for transport terminal planning. It Rizal Guadalupe, Makati city. It is a proposal that will unite
also will be promoting Seamless design linkages for different transportation nodes along the specified site.
different modes of transportation. These transportation nodes specifically the jeepneys and
other nodes namely; the fx taxis, the ferry, and the tricyles
that travel along the site are to be put up and conjoined

into one station to give a more urbanized and well would be a large scale development that would cater the
developed structure. The pedestrian system are also well needs of the majority. This research study would also
planned to give the direction of a well planned structure. contribute to highly lessen the daily routinal traffic along the
Different linkages to different nodes are highly specified EDSA boulevard, with this kind of postulation, it would
specially the MRT and the ferry boats along the site. directly potion the society to higher level of development.
Moreover, it will be a giant development if this kind of 1.5.2 New Vision for Urban Life Needs to Integrate
structures is to be implanted. Planning with Design (Article 2002)
In contrast of the River Garden Palace to the research An article written by Phil Enquist entitled New Vision for
study, some issues are to be stated in contradictory to Urban Life Needs to Integrate Planning with Design in
objectives are research main goals. Mainly, the River (2002) discusses the major role of modern architects and
Garden Palace caters jeepney users and most likely the engineers to provide the modern solution to the problems
pedestrian commuters that are travelling along the Makati, that the development envelope as our society evolves. In the
Guadalupe areas only. In contrast to this, the research study article, it states that Beyond environmental responsibility,
would cater more specifically not only the urban commuters planning is a discipline that within a large design firm can
but also the rural commuters of Luzon. In other words it make up 10 to 15 percent of total revenue. This reinforces

that planning is a skill that stands on its own, pays its own gives us a simple but meaningful clue to the future.
way and sustains itself without being labeled a loss leader Architects will confront many challenges in this new century
or an extension of marketing within a design firm. Planning issues that are far bigger than any of us can address alone.
can lead to architectural projects, and architectural projects As I look at what influences or affects our design work
can lead to planning. Thoughtful overall development today in my own office, the following is clear. There is now,
strategies also consider infrastructure improvements such as and will continue to be, a great importance attached to
streets, transit line extensions, open space improvements planning. The ability to incorporate that skill within an
and central city plans; many of which point to major architectural design firm will continue to be essential.
commissions. When an architectural firm redefines itself this On the article which focuses on the growth of our
way, focus begins to change from the object (such as the modern society which he divided into for sub parts, which
building) to the larger systems that make up our urban are Urban design and city planning, Transportation
areas. Eliel Saarinan quoted that Always design a thing planning, Environmental planning, Community planning. In
by considering it in its next larger context a chair in a the Transportation planning the writer emphasizes on the
room, a room in a house, a house in an environment, an planning that which could aid the modern problems that
environment in a city plan. The quote from Eliel Saarinen arises on us today. The writer quotes that Transportation

systems have to be strengthened in this century to respond smarter growth strategies and more innovative transit
to the growing city population and corresponding systems. Regional gridlock is assured unless accessible,
automobile congestion. Transit systems must become more quality transit is part of our planning. This translates into the
user friendly and missing links between existing systems must need to build significant transit infrastructure systems in this
be created. Trains and buses do not run in a vacuum, says century. Although it is a project on a grand scale, it is no
George Ranney, president & CEO of Chicago Metropolis more of a challenge than what our great grandfathers took
2020. Regional land use decisions affect how we travel. on at the end of the 19th century laying the rails for cross-
Only 9 percent of new homes built in the Chicago country railroads and extensive city transit systems. The
metropolitan area between 1990 and 1995 were within a generation that followed created the first round of
half a mile of a rail station, down from nearly 50 percent highways and airports.
before 1990. One of the major problems today is that many of us still
Federal, state and local funding sources have to increase ride in transit systems that are more than 100 years old.
support of alternative transit rather than just continuing to The Boston T, the Chicago L, the New York subways are
pump money into highway construction and maintenance. effective but seriously outdated. Compared to Londons new
City planners and architects must work together to create Jubilee Line, it is obvious that it is time for the U.S. to rebuild

its transit systems. We have also seen rebuilding efforts at research topic proposal. Enquist states that Throughout this
many major airports. Transportation planning can help to century we must increase accessibility and provide
communicate issues, identify funding sources, and support innovative transportation systems to support expanding
the design investigations into new systems, new technologies, cities. The continued urban cycle of congestion, road
better controls and management. Buses and taxis should maintenance, pollution, and sprawl are simply not
also be rethought and upgraded to reflect higher sustainable which the researcher considers that this is one
technology and higher quality. The gyroscopic scooter, soon of the primary concerns of the significance of this study. The
to be on the market, and other transit inventions may help us researcher also believes that our society is enthralled with
rethink how people move within urban areas. the development which this development creates new and
And to go back to the most basic form of transit, street unbound problems which the new and out coming society of
environment quality is critical if people are going to walk. architects, designers, and engineers should carry out and
Lighting, landscape, paving, signage is all critical in the solve.
design of successful streets. As the research move forward, whether any contrasting
In line on what Phil Enquist stated, the researcher considers topics are to be stated or any other issues are to be said, it
and beliefs that what the writer has stated is in line with the always will boil down to a single main goal and objective

that will direct the researchers and therefore lead users to a and what-is, therefore these datas would be crucial to the
more viable and organized solutions. project Review of related Literatures and previous research
1.6 Framework done accordingly. Once this numbers are scaled down to a
To explore the study questions outlined in the Introduction, much more probabilities, it will cover the space programs
the researcher developed a conceptual framework as a and schemes for the site.
representation of a strong and meaningful planning system
and as a lens through which to view existing architectural
planning efforts.
Aligning with standards and scaling transportation states.
This process involves gathering information on bus transport
terminals whose destinations are northern regions of Luzon.
More importantly is capturing the total number of the bus
units in each terminal, and the number of the total units left
in their terminals on peak days or peak hours. The
foundation in any project is a well knowledge on whos-who

1.6.1 Conceptual Framework

1.7 General Methodology and Approach Interviews were done on MMDA and found out through
In this chapter will reveal the general Methods and modern ENGR. Danny Dy that on-going planning and research are
approaches used by the researcher to gather specific facts already partaking to lessen the traffic volume on EDSA
and datas for the research. This Chapter is subdivided into Boulevard. He stated that ongoing plans had been
three main categories, namely; the Interviews done, the developed for the development of the North Intermodal
archival research, and the physical observations. terminal to be constructed on the northern part of EDSA.
1.7.1 Interviews On his statements, he added that based on the statistics of
There are Interviews done in different Institution of the MMDAs traffic count, the majority of vehicles clouding up
Government to further classify and dig deeper through the Edsa are buses based on its dimensions, specifically the
research. These social Interviews were done accordingly to provincial buses. MMDAs long term plan is to wipe
know whether there are optional solutions whether to be provincial buses along EDSA and reside the city buses which
planned or to be done by a certain institution of the is travelling from Monumento thru Pasay only further more
government that might be is on a queue. These Interviews he added. Based from his insights, it could gradually less the
were also conducted to broaden the knowledge of the main traffic that clogs the major roads in the metro.
researcher on the main problem of the research proposal.

On the interview done on the MMDA, the researcher found The conducted interview around the development community
out from Ms. Noemi T. Recio Head Director of TEC that there of the prime selected site which is the Balintawak market
was ongoing project on the terminal on the southern region area stated that future development is ongoing plans
of EDSA, it would establish and organize the main traffic around the site. It was said that developing the market
solution of the southern EDSA. This proposed transit terminal place with satisfactorily transit terminals around the site is
of the south also links different users from different the prime plan for the said location. With this statements
transportation modes namely; jeepney, buses, and tricycles. and satisfactorily investigations, the said site is the perfect
This modern solution is direly needed in our city. fit in place for the proposal.
Interviews were also conducted on the bus terminals to give
way and to know more about on the number of buses in
each terminal. Number of questions was formulated to know
their average number of passengers in their working days,
and their off peak days were the number of passengers are
utmost.

1.7.2 Archival Investigation b. Demographics / Economic Profile
a. Comprehensive Land Use of Caloocan City Gathered data from CLUP of Caloocan City
Based from the Comprehensive Land Use of Caloocan City,
the site is along the North Diversion Road, the topography
of South Caloocan, gradually changes into gently to
moderately sloping to rolling, with slopes ranging from 3 to
18%. Adjacent to residential and industrial areas within the
sector, vast tracts of land still exist.

1.7.3 Case study b. Kuala Lumpur Sentral
a. Park and Ride Lawton, Manila City, Philippines The architecture design of
The architectural design of the park and ride is functionalist the Kuala Lumpur Sentral
type. The concept of the structure is simply, where people station while being very
will just simply line up and ride their respective bus ride. contemporary and
And the buses would just keep coming and let people ride international, also
their terminals. The site is integrated with small food stall incorporates traditional Islamic motives of a multi-pointed
that would keep users slightly attached to the site. star, which can be seen on the dome and the floor tiles. KL
Sentral was designed as an Intermodal Transportation Hub.
Most of Kuala Lumpur's rail-based public transportation
serves KL Sentral while many intercity trains serving
Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore start here. Parts of the
area such as the railway stations has been constructed while
other parts such as shopping malls, offices and apartments
are currently under construction and is expected to be fully

Location d. Denver Union Terminal
Stesen Sentral Kuala Lumpur stands at the core of the 30 1701 Wynkoop Street, Denver, CO 80202
Hectares KL Sentral Development along Jalan 79,000 m
Damansara/Travers, previously KTMB's marshalling yard. Developer: Union Station Neighborhood Company
This development site is strategically situated Redeveloped & preserved
approximately 1.5 km from the South-West edge of the
Central Business District of Kuala Lumpur, the capital of
Malaysia.
Completed: April 16, 2001
Designed by Dr Kisho Kurukawa in association with
Malaysian consultants

e. World Trade Center Transportation Hub 1.7.4 Method Approach
Architect: Santiago Calatrava In each Interview, physical observations and archival
Concept: Gesture of child releasing a dove into the investigations done by the researcher, it is determined that
air. the need for this research proposal to establish is in actual
74,320 sq. m. fact. The need for this research proposal which is the north
Intermodal Facility is necessity. Linking the passengers and
users into a one organized and well planned facility would
further vacate and improved the livelihood of our
development. With this we can witness a change in culture
where an organized and well planned environment can be
expected and therefore can be a big contribution to our
society.
In the Interview gathered on the Balintawak Market, the
planned development would further more increase the
development of the site.

It aims not only to develop but also aid the site to be a self easier access to the facility, which the research suggest that
sufficient environment that could depend and endure is great for this kind of projects, it essentially contributed to
through its own economy and stature. With this positive the main users of the site. The distinct design approach
results on the discussion, this helps the proposal to be a blend also on the architectural standards of the design, The
more certain matter, as what the primary objective dictates architecture design of the Kuala Lumpur Sentral station
that this proposal aims to propose a Intermodal transit while being very contemporary and international, also
facility integrated with the market and redeveloping the incorporates traditional Islamic motives of a multi-pointed
site to a more secure and pedestrian friendly site. star, which can be seen on the dome and the floor tiles.
Based from the case studies gathered, the difference with The case study of the Manila Lawton Park and ride aims to
the research proposals is its main proponent, in Kuala be one of the main proponents of the design concept. The
Lumpur the Kuala Lumpur Sentral Is superb in its design and researcher aims the site to be as simple as the concept of
planning. The architect planned the circulation of the user of the Park and ride where people can easily ride and buses
the railway station to endorse the user to the fullest can easily line up. As simple as it is, the main concept would
potential of the structure. Residential establishments were be as drastic as it can be, were certain issues would be
also added to its program for the certain users to have an tackled and problems would be solve. Problems within the

site would be redeveloped and making the site a 1.8 Scope and Limitations of the Study
pedestrian friendly and planning the circulation to fulfill the The project will be limited only to the design of the
use of the sites lot. transportation or multimodal transportation hub of the
The researcher aims to emulate the good ideas that the Balintawak. It will focus on the development of the proposal
planners and developers came up with the existing studies only. The Lrt line extension will be modified to the
that had been gathered. Some of which are the well configuration of the proposed project within the site.
planning solutions of the kuala lumpur station and the The study will only include the architectural design of the
Manilas Park and Ride which proved a great deal to the project but would not provide detailed structural,
modern user of the site. The concept of the river garden mechanical, electrical and sanitary systems.
palace according to the researcher is quite good. In The study would provide a traffic master plan for the site,
formulating a basic scheme, these concepts will be followed which is the sites rerouting schemes for vehicles and
accordingly. pedestrians.
The study will bound only on its sites boundaries

1.9 Definition of Terms d. Transit Oriented Development (TOD)
a. Transport Hub A transit-oriented development (TOD) is a mixed-use
Transportation Hub is a location where passengers and residential or commercial area designed to maximize access
cargo are exchanged across several mode of transport to public transport, and often incorporates features to
Hubs make out the center of spoke-hub distribution encourage transit ridership. A TOD neighborhood typically
paradigms, allowing passengers and cargo to be has a center with a train station, metro station, tram stop, or
transported from one place to another without a direct bus stop, surrounded by relatively high-density
service development with progressively lower-density development
b. Proposal spreading outwards from the center. TODs generally are
The North Intermodal Hub located within a radius of one-quarter to one-half mile (400
c. Site to 800 m) from a transit stop, as this is considered to be an
Located on Balintawak Market, Caloocan City appropriate scale for pedestrians.

Chapter 2 proposal aims to integrate modern materials for
construction, gaining its full potential as a highly sustainable

Research Focus
structure. Not only a self sustain structure but also a self
sustaining site would be introduced.

Sustainable Community within the site Thru Ecological The concept of the Manilas Park and Ride and gains its
Architecture idea to link its concept with terminal of said proposal of this
2.1 Rationale structure. With this concept people would be easily
Main focus of the site is the development of the Balintawak familiarize with the system as what the concept had done
Market place of Caloocan to be the prime terminal transit with the previous manila park and ride.
of the north. The said site would be integrated with the wet With each concept done, the researcher aims to integrate
and dry market place as to be the site would be self the concept with the variation of the market to link these
sufficient and sustainable. The project aims to be a kinds of structure to different transportation modes in our
pedestrian friendly and well-planned circulation is the society, making the site a gateway to the north.
primary objective. Planning the main circulation of the bus
terminals and linking it to other transportation modes to give
them a user friendly and a well adjusted circulation. The

2.2 Principles New Urbanism. Smart Growth is an urban planning and
4 principles of Ecological Design of the Proposal transportation theory that concentrates growth in infill sites
within the existing infrastructure of a city or town to avoid
2.2.1. Solutions grow from place, local conditions & urban sprawl; and advocates compact, transit-oriented
surroundings matter. development, walkable, bicycle-friendly land use, including
Ecological design begins with the intimate knowledge of a mixed-use development with a range of housing choices.
particular place. Therefore, it is small scale and direct, Transit-oriented development attempts to maximise access
responsive to both local conditions and local people. If we to public transport and thereby reduce the need for private
are sensitive to the nuances of place, we can inhabit without vehicles. Public transport is considered a form of
destroying." Sustainable urban infrastructure, which is a design approach
Urban planners that are interested in achieving sustainable which promotes protected areas, energy-efficient buildings,
development or sustainable cities use various design wildlife corridors and distributed, rather than centralised,
principles and techniques when designing cities and their power generation and wastewater treatment.
infrastructure. These include Smart Growth theory, Transit- In regards with the project, the proposal aims to drastically
oriented development, sustainable urban infrastructure and consider the aid of green design or ecological way of

designing. In our societies overpower development, the Both urban and rural planning can benefit from including
means to sustain the worsening condition of our society is sustainability as a central criterion when laying out roads,
gaining rampant, we the society that live within its domain streets, buildings and other components of the built
should find solutions to this problems so we can prolong or environment. Conventional planning practice often ignores
even improve the condition of our environment. or discounts the natural configuration of the land during the
2.2.2. Ecological Accounting Informs Design: A new metric is planning stages, potentially causing ecological damage such
emerging. as the stagnation of streams, mudslides, soil erosion,
"Trace the environmental impacts of existing or proposed flooding and pollution. Applying methods such as scientific
designs-- Use this information to determine the most modeling to planned building projects can draw attention to
ecologically sound design possibility." problems before construction begins, helping to minimize
This is the most difficult concept to employ because it is damage to the natural environment.
based on an understanding of ecology and ecosystem
services, besides knowing about energy, resource allocation
and economics.

2.2.3. Design with Nature: utilize ecosystem services bring the designed environment back to life. Effective
beneficially. design helps inform us of our place within nature."
"By working with living processes, we respect the needs of Sustainable architecture is the design of sustainable
all species by meeting our own. Engaging in processes that buildings. Sustainable architecture attempts to reduce the
regenerate rather than deplete, we become more alive." collective environmental impacts during the production of
Cohousing is an approach to planning based on the idea of building components, during the construction process, as well
intentional communities. Such projects often prioritize as during the lifecycle of the building (heating, electricity
common space over private space resulting in grouped use, carpet cleaning etc) This design practice emphasizes
structures that preserve more of the surrounding efficiency of heating and cooling systems, alternative
environment. energy sources such as solar hot water, appropriate
2.2.4. Make Nature Visible: Reveal ecological processes in building sitting, reused or recycled building materials, on-
structures. site power generation (solar technology, ground source heat
Denatured environments ignore our need and our potential pumps, wind power), rainwater harvesting for gardening
for learning. Making natural cycles and processes visible and washing, and on-site waste management such as green
roofs that filter and control storm water runoff.

In making nature visible, several factors can be applied for of vehicles and pedestrians, energy efficiency is improved,
this principle. Setting up landscapes, making the site a and mobilization and development becomes prompt.
pedestrian friendly environment, this includes a
handicapped friendly site, a bicycle friendly site, and
setting up the zone for vehicles and pedestrians alike. In
setting up landscape, this is the architecture that freely
forms the environment of the overall site. This factor creates
the vocalization of the greenness of a building, and
eventually green designed buildings are a perfect
sustainable design. A pedestrian friendly and a vehicular
friendly zone can be the biggest part of the project,
lessening the timing motion of movement, both of the
pedestrian and vehicular access at once, greatly improves
and maximizes the full potential of circulation planning. In
engaging a circulation that lessens the movement time both

2.3 Primary Application Concept
2.3.1 Inter Modal Transportation hub / market
The proposed concept is a terminal that is inter-connected to
a market. Passengers would enter the market as their
arrival area and go up to the to the departure area to line
up to the ramps connected from the departure area to the
terminal floor where buses are also lining up. Buildings
would be assigned as CLUSTERS. This would help for a
good circulation, not only for the passengers but also for the
bus operators.

2.3.2 Louvers
Louvers are rarely seen as primary design elements in the
language of modern architecture, but rather simply a
technical device. However, there are examples of architects
who use them as part of the overall aesthetic effect of their
buildings.
Louvers will play the part of the natural ventilation for the
structure making the structure sustainable in terms of energy
efficiency. Louvers will help to fulfill the buildings full
potential regarding to its contribution the growing society
surrounding the site.

2.3.3 Sky Roofing
Sky roof will blend with the buildings design aesthetics and
therefore also improving its sustainability. Having sky roof
on the site would therefore less the use of energy
consumption, and improve the buildings ventilation. The
researchers main concept is to lessen the pollution that the
vehicles are emitting surrounding the site. It is important to
less this pollutants because of the hazard that it brings to
the users.
The main goal is to achieve light through natural light which
is the sun, but making light indirectly heating the structure, in
achieving this means certain aspects should be covered, the
most important objective is to achieve the light through
indirect lighting.



Chapter 3 These features make the site an excellent choice for building
the proposed facility. Located on a foreclosed lot, the site

Architectural Programming
is 100% buildable.
3.1 Site Selection Process
Baseline Map
3.1.1 Introduction to the Site
The site is located at Balintawak, Caloocan City, bounding
roads are Balintawak Clover leaf and EDSA, The site is near
EDSA. About 29,000 square meters or 2.90 hectares (land
area) in size. The site is close proximity to well known
establishments and the wet and dry market ok the
balintawak. The site will also be close to public
transportation terminals like the proposed connection of the
LRT and MRT which is the LINE 1 Extension Project, bus
station, and the Jeepney station.

South Caloocan City is a highly urbanized Central Business
District and a major Urban Center in the Northern District of
Metropolitan Manila. The vicinity of South Caloocan City is
characterized to have uncontrolled growth of mix of
industries and commercial activities, that gradually engulfs
residential areas, not suitable for non-residential use,
because of narrow right-of-ways and presence of urban
congestion. These challenges enjoin the City Government to
formulate accordingly the most viable urban development
policies and land use control in the area. South Caloocan
City in the future therefore, shall have a mix designation of
Regenerative Development Areas, Urban Control Areas and
Environmental Critical Areas.

3.1.1.2 History of Settlement and Profile of the Community
a. Historical Background
Numerous stories and beliefs had passed on through the
years regarding how Caloocan came to be known by its
present name. The following stands out as the most popular:
from its beginning as a humble barrio of the town of Tondo
located in a libis (lowland), it became known as Libis
Espina or Aromahan. Another interesting story tells of
Caloocan originating either from the Tagalog word look
meaning bay or sulok meaning corner. Caloocan might
have meant nasa sulok or in the corner since Caloocan is
located where the ends of the old town of Tondo and
Tambobong (now Malabon) meet.

Caloocan has a combined total land area of 5,333.40
hectares and is located at the northern part of the National
Capital Region (NCR, Region IV-A). The city is divided into
two geographic locations, namely: South Caloocan, with an
area of 1,362.50 hectares and North Caloocan, with an
area of 3,970.90 hectares. South Caloocan is bounded on
the north-northwest by Valenzuela, Malabon and Navotas;
on the east by Quezon City; and on the south by the City of
Manila. The greatest length, north to south of the boundaries
is about six kilometers and the greatest width, east to west
is seven kilometers.

3.1.2 Existing Condition of the Site large in area, so the question why is people insisting to sell
Site is a foreclosed Lot, Existing condition is gradually on the streets instead inside the markets premises?
degrading. The site is infested with wet and dry markets, The site has a creek inside the lots premises making it a
this markets is consisted of 11 major markets and on those disadvantage for a reason of flooding and garbage
numbers range also the number of drop off bagsakan as related issues, but it can be an opportunity for aesthetic and
the locals would call. Based on the graphic shown, it could architectural advantage.
be observe the abundant number of dilapidating buildings The site has an available footbridge making it a advantage
and structures. The stench of the market is highly recognized for pedestrian use and is located at the dominant part of
also and garbage can be observed in the surrounding EDSA making it accessible whether for pedestrian or
because of poor planning and consideration of the use of vehicular access. The site is also close to proximity to the
the site. North Luzon Expressway, since the project would focus more
The site also has an inner road in the middle part which is on the bus terminals that would travel through the northern
an opportunity for inner circulation of the site. parts of the region, it would be beneficial as to the sites
As seen on the graphics, the existing road is used by locals location. The site is close to proximity also with the LRT Line
as a market also, making the road less useful, the market is

1 Extension project of the MRT and LRT, making the site Fig.1 Site Boundaries
highly Accessible in each several modes of transportation.

3.1.3 Site Selection and Justification 3.1.4 Site Analysis
The selection of the site is in its prime, the number of reason 3.1.4.1 Wind Direction
why the researcher chose the specific site is mainly because In South Caloocan, northeast winds prevail during the
of the research done and primary observation was months of November and December. West wind is
followed. Some of which category was stated by the predominant in February, March and April. From May to
researcher namely; 1. The site is very accessible both for October, the southwest monsoon blows. This procures the
pedestrian and vehicular and train access, since the project heavy rain experienced during that period. Maximum wind
would mainly for vehicles and transportation, different speed recorded in South Caloocan was 28 miles per
transportation modes would be easily linked. 2. The second, which occurs in October. Meanwhile, the north winds
bounding roads are all major roads which are the EDSA prevail during the months of January, March, October,
and the North Luzon Expressway. These categories make November and December over North Caloocan. From April
the site a prime lot for the proposal. till July, the southwest monsoon prevails, this explains the
heavy rains experienced during these months.

Fig. 1 Wind Analysis Fig. 2 Sensory Analysis

3.1.4.2 Topography Analysis
South Caloocan (CLUP Caloocan City)
The topography of South Caloocan is characterized to have
a westward trend of flat lands covering a land area of
about 1,001.64 hectares or 74.25% of the whole southern
portion of the city, with slopes ranging from 0% to 3%.
Being flat and highly accessible to neighboring cities and
municipalities, these broadly level lands cover most of the
commercial and industrial establishments in the city.

3.1.4.3 Geographic Location
a. Sun Path Diagram
Located at 1.5 kilometers from the coast of
Manila Bay, at the northwestern part of
Metro Manila
Divided into two geographically non-
contiguous areas North and South
Caloocan
b. Land Area (in sq.km.) 53.334
North Caloocan 39.709
South Caloocan 13.625

3.1.4.4 Land Use
Land use is a term provided herein to illustrate or describe
specific use or predominant activity being permanently or
temporarily undertaken within a defined land area and
boundary. These land uses are believed to characterize the
urban development trends and are formed as a result of
socio-economic and political activities and decisions
prevailing within an area. Likewise, land use patterns and
distributions affect the general safety and quality of life of
local residents in terms of their length and convenience of
travels between one land use activity to another,
susceptibility to air, water and noise pollution, environmental
and sanitary conditions, the distribution of basic commodities
and other variables relative thereto.

South Caloocan is known for industries and commercial
centers but based on its actual land use distribution, 63% of
the total land area is residential use. Industrial use covers
the next highest share of about 11%, followed by the
commercial which is 7%. And only 7% are identified as
vacant and urbanizable.

3.1.4.5 Site Existing Photos
Fig. 1 View Inside the Market area

Fig. 2 Dilapidated Buildings/ structures within the site

Fig. 3 View of the Creek through the site

Fig. 4 View of the ongoing LRT Line 1 Extension Project

Fig. 5 View from EDSA Boulevard

Fig. 6 View from A. Bonifacio Avenue thru Clover leaf

Fig. 6 View from North Luzon Expressway thru Clover leaf

3.1.4.6 Site Analysis a. The Lot
The polygonal shape of the site is bounded along EDSA and
North Luzon Expressway road

b. Site inventory

c. Land Use Zoning

3.1.4.7 Rationale for Traffic Impact Assessment
TRAFFIC INFLUENCE AREA
Traffic and Transportation Facilities
and Systems
(1000 meters radius)

3.1.4.8 Geometry b. Traffic Control
a. One and Two-way roads

c. Road Lane Type d. Multi-Nodal Lines with the Proposed Multi-Nodal Terminal

d. Public Transportation Stops, Terminals and Routes Fig. 1 Buses, Jeeps and Taxis South Bound Direction
Fig. 2 Jeep Terminal Bounded to PUC, Novaliches / Bayan

3.1.4.9 Analysis of the existing Condition 3. Traffic Congested Area
1. Roads and Vehicular Traffic
2. TRAFFIC CONGESTED AREAS
2.1. OBSERVED TRAFFIC CONDITION DURING
PEAK HOUR - LIGHT TO MODERATE
2.2. PEAK HOUR TRAFFIC:
- 8:00 TO 9:00 AM
- 5:00 TO 6:00 pm

a. Traffic Congestion (based from CLUP Caloocan) related, land use planning shall serve as an important tool
South Caloocan, known to be the transshipment point of in shortening distances between various trips that reduce
goods and services in northwestern part of Metro Manila, traffic volume.
shares the common problem of traffic congestion. The
Intersections, along EDSA, where A. Bonifacio Circle lies, Fig. 1 Vehicles per Hour (CLUP Caloocan)
have the most number of passing motor vehicles and
pedestrians. On sampled 14 intersections in South Caloocan,
private cars account for about 63.9 % of total vehicular
traffic, 28.6% are jeepneys, followed by buses at only
4.5% and trucks at 2.9%.
Problems of large traffic volume are commonly associated
with the current urban activity systems. These are mostly
household activities that generate travel or trips made from
home to work, shopping, school, and recreation among
others. Considering these activities to be geographically

(Based from CLUP Caloocan City)

(Based from CLUP of Caloocan city)

(Based from CLUP Caloocan City)

3.1.5 Laws and Ordinances

a. Fire Code Entrances At least one entrance
to every building
should be accessible
Means of Egress Capacity of Egress from arrival and
Level Egress components including class departure points to the
A ramps = 100 persons interior lobby
Travel Distance One entrance level should be
Individual rooms subject to occupancy provided where elevators are
by not more than 6 persons, distance to accessible
exits do not exceed 15.00 mts Ramps Changes n level requires a
Access to exits ramp unless dropped curb is
Door from room to exit shall be provided
of hinge/swinging types Clear width = 1.20 mts.
Maximum gradient = 1:12
Minimum door widths = 0.70 Handrails will be provided on
mts. both sides
Exits shall discharge to a free & Doors Clear width = 0.80 mts.
unobstructed to the exterior of Level space on the corridor
the building side of the door be a minimum
Floor of discharge is protected with of 1.20 mts corridor width
automatic fire suppression system
Headroom Thresholds Thresholds and sliding door
Shall not be less than 2.30 mts height of 25 mm
Washrooms Minimum area = 1.70 x 1.80

mts.
Elevator Minimum dimension 1.10 x
1.40 mts.

Implementing Rules and Regulations Description / Illustration

General Classification of Use/Occupancy Group E Business and Mercantile
Division E-1 Inter-modal
Zoning Classification One (1) car slot for every 500.00 sq. meters of gross floor area or a
fraction thereof; and one (1) off-RROW (or off-street) passenger
loading space that can accommodate two (2) queued jeepney/shuttle
slots or two (2) queued bus slots whichever is applicable; maneuvering
area of buses, trucks, and like vehicles shall be outside of the RROW
(within property or lot lines only)
Minimum Required Parking Slot Allowable Maximum Building Footprint (AMBF) = Total Lot
Area (TLA) Required open spaces + Additional buildable area
(if permitted under this rule)
Percentage of Site Occupancy (PSO) = AMBF TLA

Resultant Height = Building Height Limit (BHL) x Desired floor
to floor height
Gross Floor Area (GFA) = TLA x Recommended Floor to Lot
Area Ratio (FLAR)
Total Gross Floor Area = GFA + non-GFA areas* - Courts
Required
Development Controls (DC) Maximum Allowable PSO Maximum Allowable Impervious Surface
To determine the maximum development potential of a lot Area (ISA) Minimum Unpaved Surface Area (USA)
To determine the allowed/appropriate building bulk (volume) 70/20/10 TOSL=30
Light and Ventilation

Total Open Space Within Lot
Ceiling Heights

3.1.6 Site Development Option
DESCRIPTION OF THE MITIGATION MEASURES
a. Routing Scheme 1
The development would establish use the most of the sites
premises. Circulation for buses and pedestrian would
circulate ruling around the site only.
This will avoid and will lessen the traffic that it would cause.

b. Routing Scheme 2
The scheme is proposing the inner road to be used as a two
way road; as such gaining the opportunity that the road can
be used more for vehicular access would let the site be
beneficial.
As far as the clover leaf, it shall be used more on the
circulation of vehicles.




















Balintawak North Intermodal Facility-Robiesanchez 1

Caricato da

Informazioni sul documento

Descrizione originale:

Titolo originale

Copyright

Formati disponibili

Condividi questo documento

Condividi o incorpora il documento

Opzioni di condivisione

Hai trovato utile questo documento?

Questo contenuto è inappropriato?

Copyright:

Formati disponibili

Balintawak North Intermodal Facility-Robiesanchez 1

Caricato da

Copyright:

Formati disponibili

APPROVAL SHEET

MAPUA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY 1

MAPUA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

A Proposed Balintawak North Multimodal Transportation Hub

In partial fulfillment of the course requirements in

School of Architecture, Industrial Design and the Built Environment 1

School of Architecture, Industrial Design and the Built Environment 2

About the Author

As a student Robie Sanchez

was always a hard worker, his

diligence in and out of the

institute made him aware of the

real situations in our society. He

is an avid fan of art and

architecture, whether in designing and graphic, he always

see to it that he is updated. He graduated high school in

Norte Dame of greater Manila in Caloocan were all of his

School of Architecture, Industrial Design and the Built Environment 1

School of Architecture, Industrial Design and the Built Environment 2

CHAPTER 2 RESEARCH FOCUS

School of Architecture, Industrial Design and the Built Environment 3

Chapter 1 can observe the dire rampant increase in traffic volume,

and therefore lessening the chance of a more prosperous

transportation nodes are scattered around the metro,

these modern developments, our world is engaged in fast synchronized in mounting.

the basic transport to be a basic necessity, but casually, we

School of Architecture, Industrial Design and the Built Environment 4

area namely Uniwide supermarket, Ever Gotesco Malls, and

School of Architecture, Industrial Design and the Built Environment 5

which these areas is mounded up by commuters as countless design?

School of Architecture, Industrial Design and the Built Environment 6

1.3 Project Goals, Objectives and Strategies 1.3.2 Objective

1.3.1 Goals Main objective of this study is to reroute provincial buses

of different destinations. a. The study aims to Plan a good circulation for

circulation from the vehicle circulation for peoples centralize terminal.

on the site. site and to provide safety for the pedestrians

School of Architecture, Industrial Design and the Built Environment 7

society. The main objective of the study is to eradicate provincial

School of Architecture, Industrial Design and the Built Environment 8

possibilities none of which could be certain. But with conjoining outcome.

that travel along the site are to be put up and conjoined

School of Architecture, Industrial Design and the Built Environment 9

structures is to be implanted. Planning with Design (Article 2002)

School of Architecture, Industrial Design and the Built Environment 10

School of Architecture, Industrial Design and the Built Environment 11

School of Architecture, Industrial Design and the Built Environment 12

Lighting, landscape, paving, signage is all critical in the solve.

School of Architecture, Industrial Design and the Built Environment 13

representation of a strong and meaningful planning system

and as a lens through which to view existing architectural

Aligning with standards and scaling transportation states.

This process involves gathering information on bus transport

terminals whose destinations are northern regions of Luzon.

More importantly is capturing the total number of the bus

in their terminals on peak days or peak hours. The

foundation in any project is a well knowledge on whos-who

School of Architecture, Industrial Design and the Built Environment 14

1.6.1 Conceptual Framework

School of Architecture, Industrial Design and the Built Environment 15

1.7.1 Interviews On his statements, he added that based on the statistics of

researcher on the main problem of the research proposal.

School of Architecture, Industrial Design and the Built Environment 16