OFFSHORE STANDARD

DNV-OS-C107

STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF
SHIP-SHAPED DRILLING AND
WELL SERVICE UNITS
OCTOBER 2008

This booklet has since the main revision (October 2008) been amended, most recently in October 2009.
See the reference to Amendments and Corrections on the next page.

DET NORSKE VERITAS

FOREWORD
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Amendments and Corrections

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Amended October 2009
see note on front cover
CHANGES
General
Being class related, this document is published electronically
only (as of October 2008) and a printed version is no longer
available. The update scheme for this category of documents is
different compared to the one relevant for other offshore doc-
uments (for which printed versions are available).
For an overview of all types of DNV offshore documents and
their update status, see the Amendments and Corrections
DET NORSKE VERITAS
Offshore Standard DNV-OS-C107, October 2008
Changes Page 3
document located at: http://webshop.dnv.com/global/, under
category Offshore Codes.
Main changes
Since the previous edition (October 2008), this document has
been amended, latest in October 2009. All changes have been
incorporated. The changes are considered to be of editorial
nature, thus no detailed description has been given.
Offshore Standard DNV-OS-C107, October 2008 Amended October 2009
Page 4 Changes see note on front cover

DET NORSKE VERITAS

Amended October 2009
see note on front cover
CONTENTS
Sec. 1 Introduction........................................................... 7
A. General.................................................................................... 7
A 100 Objectives ......................................................................... 7
A 200 Classification .................................................................... 7
B. Assumptions and Applications ............................................... 7
B 100 General.............................................................................. 7
C. Definitions ............................................................................. 7
C 100 Verbal forms ..................................................................... 7
C 200 Terms ................................................................................ 7
C 300 Symbols ............................................................................ 7
C 400 Abbreviations.................................................................... 7
D. References .............................................................................. 7
D 100 DNV Offshore Standards, Rules and
Classification Notes .......................................................... 7
Sec. 2 Structural Categorisation, Material Selection and
Inspection Principles ............................................ 9
A. Selection of Material .............................................................. 9
A 100 General.............................................................................. 9
A 200 Design temperature for elements not specified by the
DAT(-XC) notation ......................................................... 9
A 300 Structural categorisation ................................................... 9
A 400 Material Class for structural member not covered by the
DNV Rules for Classification of Ships Pt.3 Ch.1............. 9
B. Inspection Principles............................................................. 10
B 100 General............................................................................ 10
B 200 Hull structure .................................................................. 10
B 300 Topside structure............................................................. 10
Sec. 3 Design Principles ................................................ 12
A. Introduction .......................................................................... 12
A 100 Overall design principles ................................................ 12
A 200 Operational modes .......................................................... 12
A 300 Local design loads .......................................................... 12
A 400 Still water loading conditions ......................................... 12
B. Hull Strength ........................................................................ 12
B 100 Hull girder and hull girder structural members .............. 12
C. Topside facilities and supporting structure........................... 12
C 100 General design principles................................................ 12
C 200 Load combinations.......................................................... 12
C 300 Working Stress Design method (WSD).......................... 13
C 400 Basic usage factors.......................................................... 13
C 500 Yield check ..................................................................... 13
C 600 Design accelerations, bending moments and
shear forces ..................................................................... 13
C 700 Combination of hull responses ...................................... 13
C 800 Capacity models for strength .......................................... 13
C 900 Capacity models for fatigue............................................ 14
Sec. 4 Design Loads ....................................................... 15
A. Introduction .......................................................................... 15
A 100 General............................................................................ 15
A 200 Definitions ...................................................................... 15
B. Local static loads in topside structure................................... 15
B 100 Local loads on decks and bulkheads............................... 15
B 200 Liquid in tanks ................................................................ 15
C. Global static loads in topside structure................................. 15
C 100 General ........................................................................... 15
D. Global static and dynamic loads in topside structure ........... 16
D 100 General............................................................................ 16
E. Combination of accelerations, bending moments and
shear forces ........................................................................... 16
E 100 Basic responses ............................................................... 16
E 200 Transit conditions ........................................................... 16
E 300 Operating conditions....................................................... 16
F. Hull deformation................................................................... 17
F 100 General............................................................................ 17
Sec. 5 Strength of Topside Structures.......................... 18
A. Introduction .......................................................................... 18
A 100 General............................................................................ 18
DET NORSKE VERITAS
Offshore Standard DNV-OS-C107, October 2008
Contents Page 5
B. Permissible stresses ..............................................................18
B 100 General............................................................................ 18
C. Local requirements to plates and stiffeners ..........................18
C 100 Plates............................................................................... 18
C 200 Stiffeners......................................................................... 18
D. Local requirements to simple girders ...................................19
D 100 General............................................................................ 19
D 200 Minimum thickness ........................................................ 19
D 300 Effective flange............................................................... 19
D 400 Effective web .................................................................. 19
D 500 Strength requirements for simple girders ....................... 19
E. Complex girder systems .......................................................20
E 100 General description ......................................................... 20
E 200 Loads............................................................................... 20
E 300 Impact from connecting structure ................................... 20
F. Buckling stability..................................................................20
F 100 Bars, beams, columns and frames................................... 20
F 200 Flat plated structures and stiffened panels...................... 20
F 300 Tubulars .......................................................................... 20
F 400 Capacity checks according to other codes ..................... 20
Sec. 6 Assessment of Hull Topside Interface ........... 21
A. Introduction...........................................................................21
A 100 General considerations.................................................... 21
B. Strength assessment ..............................................................21
B 100 General............................................................................ 21
B 200 Requirements to the FE model ....................................... 21
B 300 Loads............................................................................... 21
B 400 Combination of loads ..................................................... 21
B 500 Acceptance criteria ......................................................... 21
C. Fatigue assessment................................................................21
C 100 General............................................................................ 21
Sec. 7 Fatigue Capacity Assessment ........................... 22
A. Introduction...........................................................................22
A 100 General............................................................................ 22
B. Principles and methodology .................................................22
B 100 Assessment principles..................................................... 22
B 200 Methods for fatigue capacity .......................................... 22
C. Structural Details and Stress Concentration Factors ............22
C 100 General............................................................................ 22
D. Design Loads and Calculation of Stress Ranges ..................22
D 100 Local and global loads .................................................... 22
Sec. 8 Accidental Conditions ........................................ 23
A. General..................................................................................23
A 100 General............................................................................ 23
B. Design Criteria......................................................................23
B 100 General............................................................................ 23
B 200 Dropped objects .............................................................. 23
B 300 Fires ................................................................................ 23
B 400 Explosions....................................................................... 23
Sec. 9 Welding and Weld Connections........................ 24
A. Introduction...........................................................................24
A 100 General requirements...................................................... 24
B. Size of Welds........................................................................24
B 100 Double continuous fillet welds ....................................... 24
B 200 Fillet welds and deep penetration welds subject to
high tensile stresses......................................................... 24
B 300 Full penetration welds..................................................... 24
B 400 Direct calculations .......................................................... 24
Sec. 10 Corrosion Control .............................................. 26
A. Hull and hull structural elements..........................................26
A 100 General............................................................................ 26
B. Topside structure ..................................................................26
B 100 Void spaces and elements in the atmospheric zone........ 26
B 200 Tanks .............................................................................. 26
App. A Cross Sectional Types ........................................ 27
Offshore Standard DNV-OS-C107, October 2008 Amended October 2009
Page 6 Contents see note on front cover

DET NORSKE VERITAS

Amended October 2009 Offshore Standard DNV-OS-C107, October 2008
see note on front cover Sec.1 Page 7

SECTION 1
INTRODUCTION

A. General C 200 Terms

A 100 Objectives
101 The objectives of this standard are to:
provide an internationally acceptable standard for design
of ship-shaped Drilling and Well Service Units
serve as a technical reference document in contractual
matters between purchaser and manufacturer
serve as a guideline for designers, purchaser, contractors
and regulators
specify procedures and requirements for units subject to
DNV classification services
base the design of the hull and topside on the same principles
and methodology for all transit and operational scenarios
provide, as far as possible, consistent loads for both top-
side and hull design.
The hull strength may be assessed according to DNV Rules for
Classification of Ships Pt.3 Ch.1 for all transit and operational
conditions.
A 200 Classification
201 Classification principles related to classification of off-
shore units are given the DNV Offshore Service Specifications
given in Table A1.
Table A1 DNV Offshore Service Specifications
Reference Title
DNV-OSS-101 Rules for Classification of Offshore Drilling and
Support Units
202 Documentation for classification shall be in accordance
with the NPS DocReq (DNV Nauticus Production System for
documentation requirements) and DNV-RP-A201.
201 Standard terms are given in DNV-OS-C101.
202 Transit: Moving the unit from one geographical location
to another.
203 Drilling vessel: A unit used for drilling in connection
with exploration and/or exploitation of oil and gas. The unit is
generally operating on the same location for a limited period of
time and is normally equipped with dynamic positioning sys-
tem with several thrusters. The unit follows the normal class
survey program.
204 Well stimulation vessel or well intervention vessel: A
unit equipped for performing wire-line intervention (without
riser) of subsea wells and or coiled tubing of subsea. The unit
is generally operating on the same location for a limited period
of time and is normally equipped with dynamic positioning
system with several thrusters. The unit follows the normal
class survey program.
C 300 Symbols
301 The following Latin characters are used in this standard:
Table C1 Latin characters used
V Speed in knots
CW Wave coefficient as given in DNV Rules for Classification of
Ships Pt.3 Ch.1 Sec.4
av Vertical accelerations
at Transverse acceleration
al Longitudinal accelerations
Mwv Vertical wave bending moment
Mwh Horizontal wave bending moment
Qwv Vertical wave shear force
302 The following Greek characters are used in this standard:

Table C2 Greek characters used

B. Assumptions and Applications
B 100 General
101 It is assumed that the units will comply with the require-
ment for retention of the Class as defined in the DNV-OSS-
101.
102 This standard is applicable to hull and topside of ship-
shaped drilling and well service units, such as well stimulation
and well intervention vessels, constructed in steel for both non-
restricted and restricted operations.
0 Basic usage factor
Coefficient depending on type of structure
p Permissible usage factor
C 400 Abbreviations
401 The abbreviations given in Table C3 are used in this
standard. Definitions are otherwise given in DNV-OS-C101
'Design of Offshore Steel Structures, General' (LRFD
method).

Table C3 Abbreviations
C. Definitions Abbreviation In full
DFF Design fatigue factor
C 100 Verbal forms NDT Non-destructive testing
101 Shall: Indicates a mandatory requirement to be followed SCF Stress concentration factors
for fulfilment or compliance with the present standard. Devia- WSD Working Stress Design
tions are not permitted unless formally and rigorously justified,
and accepted by all relevant contracting parties.
102 Should: Indicates a recommendation that a certain
course of action is preferred or particularly suitable. Alterna- D. References
tive courses of action are allowable under the standard where
agreed between contracting parties but shall be justified and D 100 DNV Offshore Standards, Rules and Classifica-
documented. tion Notes
103 May: Indicates a permission, or an option, which is per- 101 The offshore standards and rules given in Table D1 are
mitted as part of conformance with the standard. referred to in this standard.

DET NORSKE VERITAS

Offshore Standard DNV-OS-C107, October 2008 Amended October 2009
Page 8 Sec.1 see note on front cover

Table D1 DNV Offshore Standards, Rules, Classification Notes and

Recommended Practice
Reference Title
DNV-OS-C101 Design of Offshore Steel Structures, General
(LRFD method)
DNV-OS-C401 Fabrication and Testing of Offshore Structures
DNV-OS-B101 Metallic Materials
DNV-RP-C201 Buckling Strength of Plated Structures
DNV-RP-C205 Environmental Conditions and Environmental
Loads
Classification Note Fatigue Assessment of Ship Structures
30.7
DNV-RP-C203 Fatigue Strength Analysis of Offshore Steel Struc-
tures

DET NORSKE VERITAS

Amended October 2009 Offshore Standard DNV-OS-C107, October 2008
see note on front cover Sec.2 Page 9

SECTION 2
STRUCTURAL CATEGORISATION, MATERIAL SELECTION AND
INSPECTION PRINCIPLES

A. Selection of Material complex connection shows a more three-dimensional stress state

A 100 General
101 The material grade shall be selected according to DNV
Rules for Classification of Ships Pt.3 Ch.1.
102 The Design Temperature is by default -15C based on
lowest mean daily air temperature.
103 Lower Design Temperatures than -15C may be speci-
fied. The DNV DAT(-XC) notation is mandatory in such
cases.
104 In structural cross-joints where high tensile stresses are
acting perpendicular to the plane of the plate, the plate material
shall be tested according to DNV-OS-B101 Sec.6 to prove the
ability to resist lamellar tearing (Z-quality).
105 The steel grades selected for structural elements shall
comply with the requirements given in the DNV-OS-B101.
106 For stiffeners, the grade of material may be determined
based on the thickness of the web.
107 The grade of materials for Offshore Crane pedestals and
supporting structure shall not be less than NVE.
108 Structural elements used only in temporary conditions,
e.g. fabrication, are not considered in this standard.
A 200 Design temperature for elements not specified by
the DAT(-XC) notation
due to external loading than simple connections. This stress state
may provide basis for a cleavage fracture. The fracture toughness
is dependent on temperature and material thickness. These
parameters are accounted for separately in selection of material.
The resulting fracture toughness in the weld and the heat affected
zone is also dependent on the fabrication method.
Thus, to avoid brittle fracture, first a material with suitable frac-
ture toughness for the actual design temperature and thickness is
selected. Then a proper fabrication method is used. In special
cases post weld heat treatment may be performed to reduce crack
driving stresses. Inspection is carried out to detect unacceptable
planar defects. In this standard selection of material with appro-
priate fracture toughness and avoidance of unacceptable defects
are achieved by linking different types of connections to different
structural categories and inspection categories.
---e-n-d---of---G-u-i-d-a-n-c-e---n-o-t-e---
302 Structural members not covered by the DNV Rules for
Classification of Ships Pt.3 Ch.1 shall be categorised accord-
ing to A400.
A 400 Material Class for structural member not cov-
ered by the DNV Rules for Classification of Ships Pt.3
Ch.1.
401 Structural members are classified into Material Classes
according to the following criteria:

201 When the DAT(-XC) is relevant, the design tempera- significance of member in terms of consequence of failure
ture is used for selection of materials, ref. DNV Rules for Clas- stress condition at the considered detail that together with
sification of Ships Pt.5 Ch.1 Sec.7. possible weld defects or fatigue cracks may provoke brittle
202 The topside structures shall be regarded as External fracture.
Structure according to the definition given in the DAT(-XC)
notation. Guidance note:
The consequence of failure may be quantified in terms of residual
203 Materials for structural members which are not defined strength of the structure when considering failure of the actual
as External Structure, may be selected according to DNV component.
Rules for Classification of Ships Pt.3 Ch.1.
---e-n-d---of---G-u-i-d-a-n-c-e---n-o-t-e---
A 300 Structural categorisation
402 The principles for determination of Material Classes are
301 In DNV Rules for Classification of Ships Pt.3 Ch.1
materials are categorised into Material Classes. The purpose of given in Table A1.
the structural categorisation is to ensure adequate material and
suitable inspection to avoid brittle fracture, and to ensure suf- Table A1 Material Classes
ficient fracture resistance of a material (stress intensity factor) Equivalent structural
Material Principles for determination of
to avoid crack sizes which may develop into brittle fracture at category in the
Class structural category
certain stress situations. DNV OS- standards
Structural parts where failure
Guidance note: I and II will be without significant con- Secondary
Conditions that may result in brittle fracture should be avoided. sequence.
Brittle fracture may occur under a combination of: Structural parts where failure
III will have substantial conse- Primary
- presence of sharp defects such as cracks quences
- high tensile stress in direction normal to planar defect(s) Structural parts where failure
- material with low fracture toughness. will have substantial conse-
Sharp cracks resulting from fabrication may be found by inspec- quences and are subject to a
IV Special
tion and repaired. Fatigue cracks may also be discovered during stress condition that may
service life by inspection. increase the probability of a
brittle fracture. 1)
High stresses in a component may occur due to welding. A com- 1) In complex joints a tri-axial or bi-axial stress pattern will be present.
plex connection is likely to provide more restraint and larger This may give conditions for brittle fracture where tensile stresses are
residual stress than a simple one. This residual stress may be present in addition to presence of defects and material with low fracture
partly removed by post weld heat treatment if necessary. Also a toughness.

DET NORSKE VERITAS

Offshore Standard DNV-OS-C107, October 2008 Amended October 2009
Page 10 Sec.2 see note on front cover

403 The material class for specific structural members is

given in Table A2. IC = I
IC = II
Table A2 Material Classes
Material Structural member
Class
Outfitting steel
Mezzanine decks, platforms IC = II
Pipe support structure except
I Letdown platforms. as shown
Doubler plates, closer plates and support infill steels in
topside structures. 1)
Full
Stair towers. penetration Z- Quality
Module decks plates, stiffeners and girders. weld
Bulkheads structure (plate, web frames, and stiffeners) in
II modules.
Longitudinal bulkheads in way of moonpool.
Offshore Crane boom rest support structure. Full
penetration Z- Quality
Main girders and columns in truss work type modules. weld
Topside support stools with brackets of
soft nose design 2) Ref. Figure 1
III Pipe rack stanchions.
Drill-floor substructure.
Helicopter deck substructure.
Main girders in drill-floor. IC = I
500 mm
Deck and bottom corner plates in moonpool. each side
IV Topside support stools with brackets without soft nose Deck
plate
Derrick support structure.
1) To have the same minimum yield strength as the material to which they
are attached. Figure 2
Offshore Crane pedestal
2) Length 'a' to be 0.35l, minimum 120 mm. 'a' need not to be bigger than
500 mm.

No uplift expected Uplift expected B. Inspection Principles

B 100 General
Partly penetration weld . Full penetration weld .
IC = I IC = I
101 The purpose of inspection is to detect and remove
defects that may grow into fatigue cracks during service life.
102 When determining the locations of required non-
destructive testing (NDT), consideration should be given to
relevant fabrication parameters including;
Fillet or partly Fillet or partly
penetration weld . penetration weld .
IC = II IC = II
location of block (section) joints
Fillet or partly
manual versus automatic welding
penetration weld . Partly penetration weld . start and stop of weld.
IC = II IC = I
B 200 Hull structure
Full penetration
weld. Full penetration weld .
IC = I
201 The extent of non-destructive testing during fabrication
IC = I of the hull shall be in accordance with DNV Rules for Classi-
fication of Ships Pt.2 Ch.3 Sec.7.
a
l B 300 Topside structure
301 Fabrication and testing of topside structure shall comply
with the requirements in DNV-OS-C401. The requirements
are based on the consideration of fatigue damage and assess-
Figure 1 ment of general fabrication quality.
Minimum requirements to topside stool with soft nose brackets
302 The inspection categories are related to the structural
categories as shown in Table B1.

Table B1 Inspection categories

Inspection Material Equivalent structural category in the
category Class DNV OS- standards
I IV Special
II III Primary
III I and II Secondary

303 The weld connection between two components shall be

assigned inspection category according to the highest of the
joined components. For stiffened plates, the weld connection
between the plate and stiffener, stringer, and girder web to the
plate may be inspected according to inspection category III.

DET NORSKE VERITAS

Amended October 2009
see note on front cover
304 If the fabrication quality is assessed by testing, or well
known quality from previous experience, the extent of inspec-
tion required for elements within Material Class III may be
reduced, but not less than for inspection category III.
305 Fatigue critical details within Material Class II and III
shall be inspected according to requirements in inspection cat-
egory I.
306 Welds in fatigue critical areas not accessible for inspec-
tion and repair during operation shall be inspected according to
requirements in inspection category I.
DET NORSKE VERITAS
Offshore Standard DNV-OS-C107, October 2008
Sec.2 Page 11
307 The extent of NDT for welds in block joints and erection
joints transverse to main stress direction shall not be less than
for inspection category II.
308 Topside stools, or topside - hull connections, similar to
Figure 1, Material Class III, shall be inspected according to the
requirements in inspection category I for the areas shown in
Figure 1.
309 Inspection categories for Offshore Crane pedestals and
the supporting structure are given in Figure 2.
Offshore Standard DNV-OS-C107, October 2008
Page 12 Sec.3
SECTION 3
DESIGN PRINCIPLES
A. Introduction
A 100 Overall design principles
101 This section defines the principles for design of the hull
and topside structures.
102 The overall principles are based on the following:
the safety of the structure can be demonstrated by address-
ing the potential structural failure mode(s) when the unit is
subjected to loads scenarios encountered during transit,
operation and in harbour.
the structural requirements are based on a consistent set of
loads that represent typical worst possible loading scenar-
ios
the unit has inherent redundancy. The units structure
works in a hierarchical manner and as such, failure of
structural elements lower down in the hierarchy should not
result in immediate consequential failure of elements
higher up in the hierarchy
structural continuity is ensured. The hull, topside structure
and their elements should have uniform ductility
permanent deformations are minimised. Local yielding
and permanent deformations of local panel or individual
stiffened plate members may be acceptable provided that
this does not affect the structural integrity, containment
integrity or the performance of structural or other systems
the unit has adequate structural redundancy to survive in
the event that the structure is accidentally damaged, for
example, minor impact leading to flooding of any com-
partment or dropped objects from crane operations.
103 Topside structural elements shall be fabricated accord-
ing to the requirements given in DNV-OS-C401.
A 200 Operational modes
201 All relevant modes of operation shall be considered.
Typically, the assessment of the unit shall be based on the fol-
lowing operational modes:
all operating conditions, intact and damaged, at the design
location(s)
all transit conditions
dry-docking condition.
A 300 Local design loads
301 The local design loads for design of decks for within the
hull, accommodation and deck houses are given in the DNV
Rules for Classification of Ships Pt.3 Ch.1. Local loads for top-
side facilities are given in Section 4.
A 400 Still water loading conditions
401 Still water loading conditions shall be given in the load-
ing manual. All still water loading conditions in transit (at sea),
for operation and for harbour situations shall be less, or equal
to, the maximum permissible bending moments and shear
forces given in the Class Certificate (limit curves.) The global
weight of the topside facilities shall be included. The curves for
permissible bending moments and shear forces are used as basis
for the still water loads in the longitudinal strength assessment.
DET NORSKE VERITAS
Amended October 2009
see note on front cover
B. Hull Strength
B 100 Hull girder and hull girder structural members
101 The hull girder and it's structural members may be
designed according to DNV Rules for Classification of Ships
Pt.3 Ch.1. Permissible still water curves for bending moments
and shear forces shall be calculated considering all relevant
load conditions in transit and operation.
102 The stress distribution in areas with global stress con-
centrations, such as moonpool openings, shall be derived from
Finite Element analysis and used as basis for buckling and
yield capacity assessment.
103 For units intended to operate in regions exposed to
exceptional environmental conditions, e.g. typhoons or hurri-
canes, the longitudinal strength of the hull shall be assessed as
a normal operating condition. The wave bending moments and
shear forces shall be derived from direct calculations based on
the environmental data for the exceptional wave data based on
100 years return period. The basic utilisation factor 0 is thus
0.8 according to load combination b) in Table C2.
104 For unit not intended to stay on location during the
exceptional environmental conditions, the longitudinal
strength of the hull unit is regarded as an accidental condition
and shall be assessed according the load combination d) in
Table C2.
C. Topside facilities and supporting structure
C 100 General design principles
101 For world wide operation of the unit, the hull girder
bending moments, shear forces and accelerations defined in
DNV Rules for Classification of Ships Pt.3 Ch.1 may be used
in the assessment of the topside structure. Alternatively the
values may be derived from direct calculations according to
C602, and used in the assessment of topside structure and top-
side support structure.
102 In the operating conditions, the topside loads are nor-
mally different from the transit conditions and direct calcula-
tions of the accelerations may be carried out. The assessment
shall comply with the following principles:
the heading profile of the ship shall to be taken into con-
sideration
operational limitation profile to be established
loading conditions for each operational restriction and cor-
responding mass distribution to be established
direct calculations of the accelerations may be carried out.
The accelerations need not exceed the accelerations calcu-
lated according to the DNV Rules for Classification of
Ships Pt.3 Ch.1.
103 The deformations due to hull girder bending and stiff-
ness variations of the supporting structure shall be accounted
for in the structural analyses.
C 200 Load combinations
201 Each structural member shall be designed for the most
unfavourable of the loading conditions given in Table C1.
Amended October 2009 Offshore Standard DNV-OS-C107, October 2008
see note on front cover Sec.3 Page 13

Table C1 Load combinations C 500 Yield check

Combination Description 501 Structural members shall be cheeked for excessive
a) Static loads yielding.
b) maximum combined static and dynamic loads 502 Individual stress components and the von Mises equiva-
c) accidental loads and associated static loads lent stress for plated structures shall not exceed the permissible
stress specified in Section 5.
d) maximum combined operational static loads and
dynamic loads from exceptional environmental situ- Guidance note:
ations, e.g. hurricane or typhoon For plated structures the von Mises equivalent stress is defined as
Notes: follows:

c) represent accidental conditions with little probability of occur- j = x 2 + 2 y x y + 3 2

rence such as explosions, fire, dropped objects etc.
d) represent an exceptional environmental condition, e.g. hurri-
cane or typhoon situation, with return period of 100 years. The
load combination is applicable to units not intended to stay on
location during the exceptional environmental condition.
Units intended to stay on location during the exceptional envi-
ronmental condition shall be assessed according to b).
For each of the load combinations in Table C1 and for each
structural element, the combination of loads, positions and
directions giving the most unfavourable load effect shall be
used in the analyses.
C 300 Working Stress Design method (WSD)
301 In WSD the target component safety level is achieved by
comparing the calculated stress for different load combinations
with maximum permissible stress. The maximum permissible
stress is defined by multiplication of the characteristic
strength, or capacity, of the structural member with a permis-
sible usage factors.
where x and y are membrane stresses in x- and y-direction
respectively, is shear stress in the x-y plane, i.e. local bending
stresses in plate thickness not included.
---e-n-d---of---G-u-i-d-a-n-c-e---n-o-t-e---
503 Local peak stresses by FE analysis in areas with pro-
nounced geometrical changes, such as in moonpool corners,
frame corners etc., may exceed the permissible usage factor in
303 provided plastic mechanisms are not developed in the
adjacent structural parts.
Guidance note: fy 2
Linear peak stress (von Mises) of 400 ----------- N/mm is gener-
ally acceptable. f yNS
fyNS and fy are the yield stresses for normal steel (235 MPa) and
the minimum specified yield stress of the actual material, respec-
tively.
---e-n-d---of---G-u-i-d-a-n-c-e---n-o-t-e---

302 The permissible usage factors are a function of loading

condition, failure mode and importance of strength member. C 600 Design accelerations, bending moments and shear
forces
303 The maximum permissible usage factor, p, is calcu-
lated by: 601 The basic responses vertical accelerations av, transverse
acceleration at, longitudinal accelerations al, wave bending
p = 0 moments and shear forces shall be determined according to the
DNV Rules for Classification of Ships Pt.3 Ch.1. The roll
where: radius of gyration kr and metacentric height GM used in the
0 = basic usage factor calculation of roll acceleration shall be based on representative
= coefficient depending on type of structure, see Table B1 global distribution of masses in the hull and topside.
in section 5 602 Alternatively direct calculations may be used. If direct
calculations are carried out, the wave load analysis shall be
304 Stresses shall be calculated using gross thicknesses, pro- carried out based on the principles given in DNV-OS-C102.
vided the corrosion protection system prevent structural dimi-
nution throughout the design life. 603 The ship motions, accelerations, moments and shear
forces shall be given as extreme values (i.e. probability
C 400 Basic usage factors level = 10-8 for North Atlantic scatter diagram assuming omni-
directional waves with equal probability of occurrence.
401 For the topside facilities and the supporting structure,
including the supporting elements within the hull, the permis- C 700 Combination of hull responses
sible utilisation factors for structural strength are given in
Table C2. The basic accelerations, hull bending moments and shear
forces may be combined accounting for joint probability of
Table C2 Basic usage factors 0 occurrence. In principle each response parameter is in turn
maximised and combined with fraction of the other responses.
Load combination
a) b) c) d) C 800 Capacity models for strength
0 0.60 0.80 1.00 1.00 801 The model used for yield and buckling strength assess-
ment of the topside structure shall be capable of describing the
The basic usage factor 0 accounts for: stress distribution in the structure to the required degree of
accuracy.
possible unfavourable deviations of specified or expected
loads 802 The following aspects are the basis for selection of
uncertainties in the model and analysis used for determi- strength capacity models:
nation of load effects simplified models may be used for elements which are
possible unfavourable deviations in the resistance of mate- analysed at a later stage by means of more accurate meth-
rials ods.
possible reduced resistance of the materials in the struc- simplified models where some of the stress components
ture, as a whole, as compared to the values deduced from are neglected are to always give conservative results.
test specimens capability of response calculations to represent the physi-
deviation from calculated responses due to fabrication. cal behaviour of the structure up to the given load level

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Offshore Standard DNV-OS-C107, October 2008
Page 14 Sec.3
complexity of structure
complexity of loads.
C 900 Capacity models for fatigue
901 The fatigue capacity shall be documented according to
the principles and methods given in DNV Classification Note
30.7 or DNV-RP-C203.
902 Simplified fatigue methods may be used when the long
term distribution of stresses can be described by a stress range
and a Weibull shape parameter.
Guidance note:
In cases where the total stress range comprises stresses from sev-
eral load responses, a combined Weibull parameter should be
used.
---e-n-d---of---G-u-i-d-a-n-c-e---n-o-t-e---
903 The accumulated fatigue damage from the transit and
operating conditions shall be calculated according to the oper-
ational characteristics of the unit. The fatigue life shall be cal-
DET NORSKE VERITAS
Amended October 2009
see note on front cover
culated considering the combined effects of global and local
structural responses.
904 The resistance against fatigue is normally given as S-N
curves, i.e. stress range (S) versus number of cycles to failure
(N) based on fatigue tests. Fatigue failure should be defined as
when the crack has grown through the thickness.
905 The required fatigue life of new units shall be minimum
20 years assuming that the unit complies with the DNV
requirements for dry-docking inspection. A design fatigue fac-
tor (DFF) of 1.0 is thus acceptable for all structural elements
which are accessible for inspection and repair during docking.
Higher DFF according to DNV-OS-C102 Appendix A should
be used in case the structure is not accessible for inspection.
906 The effect of mean stresses may be accounted for
according to guidelines given in CN.30.7.
907 The stresses may be based on gross thicknesses (i.e.
without deducting the corrosion additions).
Amended October 2009 Offshore Standard DNV-OS-C107, October 2008
see note on front cover Sec.4 Page 15

SECTION 4
DESIGN LOADS

A. Introduction Table B1 Local static loads

Plates and stiffeners
A 100 General Evenly Girders
Point (kN/m2)
101 The accelerations from the DNV Rules for Classifica- distributed load (kN)
2
load (kN/m )
tion of Ships Pt.3 Ch.1 shall be used for design of the topside
facilities with loads present in the transit conditions. Decks
Storage areas in
102 In the operational conditions, the structure shall be modules 2) q 1.5 q f*q
assessed for a set of loading conditions containing operational 2)
restriction and corresponding loads, ref Sec.3 Design Princi- Lay down areas q 1.5 q f*q
ples. Lifeboat platforms 9.0 9.0 9.0*f
Area between
103 The static and dynamic loads acting on the topside facil- 5.0 5.0 5.0*f
equipment
ities are determined according to the following paragraphs in Walkways, stair-
this section. cases and plat- 4.0 4.0 4.0*f
104 The combination of accelerations of drilling units of forms, crew spaces
conventional hull form used in the structural assessment of the Walkways and
topside facilities and hull-topside interface are given in this staircases for 3.0 3.0 3.0*f
section. The combination of accelerations may alternatively be inspection only
determined by direct calculations. Minimum values
for areas not given 2.5 2.5 2.5
A 200 Definitions above 1)
1) The minimum values shall be determined considering the weights of the
201 Symbols: equipment and bulks, which may be located on the area. The minimum
values shall not be less than 2.5 kN/m2
p = design pressure in kN/m 2) The distributed loads, q, to be evaluated for each case. Lay down areas
should not be designed for less than 15 kN/m2.
202 The load point for which the design pressure shall be cal-
culated is defined for various strength members as follows: Notes:
wheel loads to be added to distributed loads where rele-
a) For plates: vant. (Wheel loads can normally be considered acting on
midpoint of horizontally stiffened plate field. Half of the an area of 300 x 300 mm.)
stiffener spacing above the lower support of vertically point load may be applied on an area 100 x 100 mm, and
stiffened plate field, or at lower edge of plate when the at the most severe position, but not added to wheel loads
thickness is changed within the plate field. or distributed loads
the factor f may be taken as:
b) For stiffeners:
3
midpoint of span. f = min 1. 0 ; 0.5 + --------
A
When the pressure is not varied linearly over the span the
design pressure shall be taken as the greater of:
where A is the loaded area in m2.

pm and pa + pb
2 B 200 Liquid in tanks
201 The local strength requirements to plates, stiffeners and
pm, pa and pb are calculated pressure at the midpoint and simple girders in tanks shall comply with the requirements in
at each end respectively. DNV Rules for Classification of Ships Pt.3 Ch.1. The allow-
c) For girders: able stress for longitudinal members need not be less than 160
MPa.
midpoint of load area.

C. Global static loads in topside structure

B. Local static loads in topside structure
B 100 Local loads on decks and bulkheads
101 The local static loads for decks and bulkheads in topside
facilities, which are not part of a tank, are given in Table B1
below. For areas not specifically mentioned in Table B1, rele-
vant values in the DNV Rules for Classification of Ships Pt.3
Ch.1 may be used.
C 100 General
101 The static loads to be applied for the global analysis of
the topside facilities or in the still water loading conditions of
the unit are in principle determined by considering the perma-
nent loads and realistic values for simultaneously acting varia-
ble loads.
102 The total static load of a module, excluding tank loads,

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Offshore Standard DNV-OS-C107, October 2008 Amended October 2009
Page 16 Sec.4 see note on front cover

is determined according to: Positive shear force act down at aft end and up at forward end
n m of a part of the ship
qS = Fs + Fek + K k Pv k A
k =1 k =1
102 For units with double side, the horizontal bending
moment can be ignored for design of topside structures.
qS = Static global weight of module (kN) 103 The vertical shear force can normally be ignored, unless
Fs = Total steel weight of decks (kN) the vertical relative shear deformation of the support stools of
Fe = Weight of equipment (kN) the module are significant.
n = Total number of heavy equipment (>50kN)
E 200 Transit conditions
K 1) = Global load reduction factor for the deck considered
to account for simultaneous acting module loads 201 Referring to Table E1 one load case should be generated
Pv = Evenly distributed design load (kN/m2) for the deck for each of the maximum basic responses for the head sea,
considered, ref Table B1. beam sea and oblique sea. For symmetrical structures about a
m = Total number of decks longitudinal and transverse plane through the centre of gravity
of the topside structure, load combination 4 and 7 may be omit-
A = Loaded area of deck considered (area covered by ted.
equipment may be excluded)
1) Typical values are between 0.5 and 0.7
Table E1 Combination of dynamic responses in transit
Combination with
Heading Load Maximum fraction of responses
103 The tank loads within a module shall be added, if rele- case response
vant. Mwv Qwv MWh av at al

104 The load used should include all equipment over 50 kN Head 1 Mwv -1.0 1.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 -r
plus the sum of all realistic deck loads accounting for the joint Sea 2 Mwv 1.0 -1.0 0.0 -0.5 0.0 +r
probability of occurrence. 3 at +a +a -b 1.0 1.0 -c
Beam
Sea 4 at +a +a -b 1.0 -1.0 -c
5 al +h -h -i -j 0.4 1.0
D. Global static and dynamic loads in topside Oblique 6 at -k +k -l +m 1.0 0.9
structure Sea
7 at -k +k -l +m -1.0 0.9
D 100 General
where:
101 The dynamic loads to be combined with the global static
loads are determined by multiplying the masses with the Values for Values for
design acceleration. L > 200 m L < 100 m
a = -0.003 L + 1.3 0.7 1.0
b = -0.006 L + 1.5 0.3 0.9
E. Combination of accelerations, bending c = -0.003 L + 0.7 0.1 0.4
moments and shear forces h = 0.002 L + 0.5 0.9 0.7
E 100 Basic responses i = 0.003 L + 0.4 1.0 0.7
j = -0.002 L + 0.4 0 0.2
101 The basic hull girder responses according to the DNV
Rules for Classification of Ships Pt.3 Ch.1 used for design of k = -0.003 L + 0.7 0.1 0.4
the topside facilities are: l = -0.001 L + 1.1 0.9 1.0
m = -0.004 L + 1.1 0.3 0.7
av = vertical accelerations r = -0.004 L + 1.4 0.6 1.0
at = transverse acceleration
al = longitudinal accelerations L = Length of unit (m), shall not be taken higher than 200 nor
MW = wave bending moment less than 100.
QW = wave shear force E 300 Operating conditions
The sign convention is according to the coordinate system 301 The basic hull girder responses shall be determined for
below: loads present in the operating conditions provided the effect of
these loads has not been considered in the transit analysis.
302 The following heading profile of the ship shall be con-
sidered, unless documented otherwise:

Head sea : 60%

+15 degrees : 15%
-15 degrees : 15%
+30 degrees : 5%
Positive vertical bending moment gives longitudinal tension -30 degrees : 5%
stress in deck.
A cosine square energy distribution may be considered.
Positive horizontal bending moment gives longitudinal tension
stress at starboard side. Based on the heading profile in 302 the load cases given in

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Amended October 2009 Offshore Standard DNV-OS-C107, October 2008
see note on front cover Sec.4 Page 17

Table E2 shall be analysed. applied loads in an integrated hull-topside model. If the topside
module is analysed separately from the hull, the hull deforma-
Table E2 Combination of dynamic responses in operating tion caused by the bending moments shall be applied to the
conditions model. The deformations should be determined by finite ele-
Combination with ment analysis. Within regions with no global stress concentra-
Heading Load Maximum fraction of responses tions, the longitudinal deformation in deck may alternatively
case response
al be determined by:
Mwv Qwv Mwh av at
8 al 0.9 -0.9 -a -b -c 1.0 0.5 ( M 1 + M 2 )
= l1
Operation 9 at -d +d -1.0 0.8 1.0 -e ZE
10 av -1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 +f -g

where:

Values for Values for

L > 200 m L < 100 m
a = 0.002 L + 0.6 1.0 0.8
b = 0.003 L + 0.2 0.8 0.5 l1
c = -0.002 L + 0.8 0.4 0.6 1 2
d = 0.004 L + 0.2 1.0 0.6
e = 0.004 L + 0.2 1.0 0.6 = longitudinal deformation between sections 1 and 2
f = -0.005 L + 1.3 0.3 0.8 M = design bending moment at sections 1 and 2 1)
g = 0.004 L + 0.2 1.0 0.6 Z = section modulus at the deck at the interface with top-
side structure
L = Length of unit (m), shall not be taken larger than 200 m nor E = Youngs modulus of elasticity
less than 100 m.
l1 = distance between sections 1 and 2
1) The design bending moment in both a), b) and d) load combinations to be
considered, ref. Sec.3 Table C2.
F. Hull deformation
F 100 General
101 The Tables E1 and E2 give combination factors for

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Offshore Standard DNV-OS-C107, October 2008 Amended October 2009
Page 18 Sec.5 see note on front cover

SECTION 5
STRENGTH OF TOPSIDE STRUCTURES

A. Introduction tion of Ships Pt.3 Ch.1 Sec.3 C.

102 The plate thickness t shall not to be less than:
A 100 General
5
101 This section gives provisions for checking of ultimate t= + t k (mm)
strength for typical topside structures such as: f1

drill-floor and substructure where:

derrick f1 = See DNV Rules for Classification of Ships Pt.3 Ch.1 Sec.2.
modules
deck houses which carry loads from risers, mud, brine etc. 103 The thickness of plating subjected to lateral pressure
102 Local requirements to plates, stiffeners and simple gird- shall not be less than:
ers in tanks are given in DNV Rules for Classification of Ships
ka s p
Pt.3 Ch.1 and thus not covered by this section. t = 15.8 + tk (mm)
103 Deck houses, accommodation or superstructure, which P f y
is not part of the load-bearing structure for typical offshore ele-
ment loads, may be designed according to DNV Rules for ka = correction factor for aspect ratio of plate field
Classification of Ships Pt.3 Ch.1. = (1.1 - 0.25 s/l)2
104 Topside structures of truss work type of structure as the maximum 1.0 for s/l = 0.4
primary load-bearing elements and where the plates are not minimum 0.72 for s/l = 1.0
included in assessment of the global strength, the plates with
stiffeners may comply only with the local requirements. s = stiffener spacing in m
105 When the plates with stiffeners are part of the primary l = stiffener span in m
load-bearing structure, both local and global requirements p = local design load in Sec.4 B and E
must be complied with. P = permissible utilisation factors as given in Sec.3
fy = minimum yield strength
tk = corrosion addition according to the Ship Rules,
B. Permissible stresses Pt.3 Ch.1 Sec.2 Table D1.
tk = 0 for elements which are not part of a tank.
B 100 General
C 200 Stiffeners
101 The maximum permissible usage factor, p, is calcu-
lated by: 201 The section modulus Zs for longitudinals, beams, frames
and other stiffeners subjected to lateral load shall not be less
p = 0 than:
0 = basic usage factor as given in Sec.3 C400
= coefficient depending on type of structure, see Table B1.
ZS =
l2 s p
km P f y
106 (mm ) 3

Table B1 Multiplication coefficient Minimum 15000 mm3

Load combination
Items (ref Sec.3) l = effective stiffener span in m
a) b) c) d) s = stiffener spacing in m, measured along the plating
Local requirements to plates and stiffeners 1.14 1.0 NA NA p = local design load in Sec.4 B and E
Local requirements to web area of girders 0.71 1.0 1.0 1.0 km = bending moment factor, see Table D1
and stringers
Local requirements to section modulus of 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 P = permissible utilisation factors as given in Sec.3
girders and stringers fy = specified minimum yield stress of the material in N/mm2
Global strength of topside load-bearing 1.14 1.0 1.0 1.0 202 The requirement in 201 applies to an axis parallel to the
elements in general
Global strength of drill-floor, substruc- plating. For stiffeners at an oblique angle with the plating, the
1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 required section modulus shall be multiplied by:
ture, flare, derrick
Global strength of support structure for 1
modules, over and under deck 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 ------------
cos
Buckling stability check in general 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
= angle in degrees1) between the stiffener web plane and
the plane perpendicular to the plating.
C. Local requirements to plates and stiffeners 1) is to be taken as 90 degrees if the angle is greater or equal to 75 degrees.

C 100 Plates 203 Stiffeners with sniped ends may be accepted where
101 The local requirements to end connections of stiffeners dynamic stresses are small and vibrations are considered to be
and design of brackets are given in DNV Rules for Classifica- of minor importance, provided that the plate thickness t sup-

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Amended October 2009 Offshore Standard DNV-OS-C107, October 2008
see note on front cover Sec.5 Page 19

ported by the stiffener is not less than: l0 = distance between points of zero bending moments in m
( l 0.5 s ) sp = Sg for simply supported girders
t = 1. 25 -------------------------------- (mm)
f1 = 0.6 Sg for girders fixed at both ends
Sg = girder span as if simply supported.
In such cases the required section modulus in 201 shall be
based on the following parameter values:
km = 8
The stiffeners should normally be snipped to an angle of max-
imum 30.
Guidance note:
For typical sniped end details as described above, a stress range
lower than 30 MPa can be considered as small dynamic stress.
---e-n-d---of---G-u-i-d-a-n-c-e---n-o-t-e---

D. Local requirements to simple girders

D 100 General Figure 1
Graphs for the effective flange parameter Ce
101 The requirements in this sub-section give minimum
scantlings to simple girders with respect to yield. When bound-
ary conditions for individual girders are not predictable due to D 400 Effective web
dependence of adjacent structures, direct calculations shall be
carried out. 401 Cut-outs in the web of girders are generally accepted,
provided the shear stress level, buckling capacity and fatigue
102 The local requirements to end connections of girders and life are acceptable.
design of brackets are given in DNV Rules for Classification
of Ships Pt.3 Ch.1 Sec.3 C. D 500 Strength requirements for simple girders
103 The requirements for section modulus and web area 501 Simple girders subjected to lateral loads and which are
given in D500 apply to simple girders supporting stiffeners, or not taking part in the overall strength of the unit, shall comply
other girders, exposed to linearly distributed lateral load. It is with the following:
assumed that the girder satisfies the basic assumptions of sim- 502 Minimum section modulus Section modulus Zg:
ple beam theory, and that the supported members are approxi- 2
Sg b p
mately evenly spaced and similarly supported at both ends.
Other loads should be specially considered based on the same Zg =
km p f y
106 (mm ) 3

beam-theory.
104 The section modulus and web area of the girder shall be
taken in accordance with particulars as given in D500. Struc-
tural modelling in connection with direct stress analysis shall
be based on the same particulars when applicable.
105 Dimensions and further references with respect to buck-
ling capacity are given in sub-section F.
D 200 Minimum thickness
201 The thickness of web and flange plating shall not be less
than:
for longitudinal girders located lower than 4.0 m above the
upper continuous deck of the hull or up to the first deck in
modules or topside deck houses: t = 5 + 0.01 L (mm),
maximum 8 mm
for longitudinal girders at higher locations or transverse
girders:
t = 4 + 0.01 L (mm), maximum 7 mm, minimum 5 mm.
D 300 Effective flange
301 The effective plate flange area is defined as the cross-
sectional area of plating within the effective flange width. The
cross section area of continuous stiffeners within the effective
flange may be included. The effective flange width be is deter-
mined by:
be = Ceb (m)
Ce = parameter given in Figure 1 for various numbers of
evenly spaced point loads (Np) on the girder span
b = full breadth of plate flange in m, e.g. span of the sup-
ported stiffeners, or distance between girders
503 Minimum web area after deduction of cut-outs:
k S g b p N s Pp
AW = 10 3 (mm 2 )
p
The web area at the middle of the span is not to be less than
0.5 AW.
Sg = girder span in m. The web height of in-plane girders may
be deducted. When bracket(s) are fitted at the end(s), the
girder span Sg may be reduced by two thirds of the bracket
arm length(s), provided the girder end(s) can be assumed
clamped, and that the section modulus at the end(s) of the
girder is satisfactory. The brackets may be included in the
calculation of section modulus.
b = breadth of load area in m (plate flange), b may be deter-
mined as:
= 0.5 (l1 + l2) where l1 and l2 are the spans of the supported
stiffeners on both sides of the girder, respectively, or dis-
tance between girders
p = local design load in Sec.4 B and E
km = bending moment factor, see Table D1
k = shear force factor, see Table D1
p = permissible utilisation factors as given in Sec.3
p = permissible shear stress in N/mm2
0.39 fy for load combination a)
0.46 fy for load combination b)
Ns = number of supported stiffeners on girder span
Pp = average point load from stiffener
fy = specified minimum yield stress of the material in N/mm2

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Offshore Standard DNV-OS-C107, October 2008 Amended October 2009
Page 20 Sec.5 see note on front cover

504 The km value in 501 may be calculated according to F. Buckling stability

general beam theory. In Table D1, km-values are given for
some defined load and boundary conditions. Note that the F 100 Bars, beams, columns and frames
smallest km-value shall be applied to simple girders. For gird-
101 Elements with cross sections which do not satisfy the
ers where brackets are fitted or the flange area has been partly requirements to cross section type III defined in Appendix A,
increased due to large bending moment, a larger km-value may shall be checked for local buckling.
be used outside the strengthened region.
102 Buckling analysis shall be based on the characteristic
Table D1 Values of km and k buckling resistance for the most unfavourable buckling mode.
Load and boundary conditions Bending moment and shear 103 The characteristic buckling strength shall be based on
force factors the 5th percentile of test results.
Positions 1 2 3 104 It shall be ensured that there is conformity between the
1 2 3 km1 km2 km3 initial imperfections in the buckling resistance formulas and
Support Field Support k1 - k3 the tolerances in the applied fabrication standard.
12 24 12 Guidance note:
0.5 0.5
If buckling resistance is calculated in accordance with Classifi-
cation Note 30.1 for bars and frames, the tolerance requirements
- 14.2 8 given in DNV-OS-C401 should not be exceeded, unless specifi-
0.38 0.63 cally documented.
---e-n-d---of---G-u-i-d-a-n-c-e---n-o-t-e---
- 8 -
0.5 0.5
F 200 Flat plated structures and stiffened panels
15 23.3 10 201 The buckling stability of plated structures may be
0.3 0.7 checked according to DNV-RP-C201.
F 300 Tubulars
- 16.8 7.5
0.2 0.8 301 Tubular members may be checked according to Classi-
fication Note 30.1 or API RP 2A - WSD. For interaction
- 7.8 - between local shell buckling and column buckling, and effect
0.33 0.67 of external pressure, DNV-RP-C202 may be considered.
302 Cross sections of tubular member are divided into differ-
ent types dependent of their ability to develop plastic hinges
and resist local buckling. Effect of local buckling of slender
cross sections shall be considered.
E. Complex girder systems Guidance note:

E 100 General description a) Effect of local buckling of tubular members without exter-
nal pressure, i.e. subject to axial force and/or bending
101 For girders that are parts of a complex 2- or 3-dimen- moment) are given in Appendix A, cross section type IV.
sional structural system, a complete structural analysis shall be Section 3.8 of DNV-RP-C202 may be used.
carried out to demonstrate that the stresses are acceptable with
respect to yield and buckling. b) Effect of local buckling of tubular members with external
pressure need not be considered for the following diameter
102 The method used in the analysis shall be capable of Dm to thickness t ratio:
describing the physical behaviour of the structure when Dm
exposed to the required load levels in the limit states consid- E-
-------- 0.5 ---
ered. t fy
103 For girder systems consisting of slender girders, the
assessment for all load combination Sec.3 Table C1 can nor- where
mally be based on elastic beam theory. Due attention shall be
given to: E = modulus of elasticity and
fy = minimum yield strength.
shear area variation, e.g. due to cut-outs
moment of inertia variation ---e-n-d---of---G-u-i-d-a-n-c-e---n-o-t-e---
effective flange
303 Tubular members with external pressure, tubular joints
lateral buckling of girder flanges. and conical transitions may be checked according to API RP
2A-WSD.
E 200 Loads
201 Both global and local loads as defined in Sec.4 shall be F 400 Capacity checks according to other codes
considered. The relevant load combinations given in Sec.3 401 Stiffeners and girders may be checked according to pro-
Table C1 shall be addressed. visions for beams in recognised standards such as AISC-ASD.
E 300 Impact from connecting structure Guidance note:
The principles and effects of cross section types are included in
301 The impact of structures connected to the part covered the AISC-ASD.
by the capacity model shall be included in the assessment of
the girders. ---e-n-d---of---G-u-i-d-a-n-c-e---n-o-t-e---

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Amended October 2009
see note on front cover
SECTION 6
ASSESSMENT OF HULL TOPSIDE INTERFACE
A. Introduction
A 100 General considerations
101 The overall principles for assessment of hull-topside
interface are given in Sec.3, both for an integrated hull-topside
analysis and for separate capacity models for the topside struc-
ture. This section gives provisions for checking of ultimate
strength for typical hull - topside interface structure.
102 Topside supporting structure is the structural elements
of which the strength and fatigue capacities may be affected by
the presence of the topside structure. This includes elements
like support stools for topside modules, and the parts of the hull
structure where the additional stresses from the topside struc-
ture is of such a magnitude that the yield, buckling and fatigue
capacities need to be assessed.
103 In case of separate local models for hull and topside
structures, part of the topside structure may be required to be
included in the hull model to ensure that the reaction forces
from the topside model will be applied to the hull model at a
location which will have negligible impact on the stress distri-
bution in the hull model.
B. Strength assessment
B 100 General
101 The structural strength of the supporting structure of
topside structures shall be documented by means of Finite Ele-
ment (FE) analyses, or equivalent methods. Typical supporting
structures to be analysed are:
drill floor substructure
module supports
support structure for rail for cranes and other heavy equip-
ment like BOP, X-mas trees, etc.
B 200 Requirements to the FE model
201 The extent of the model shall be based on requirements
to determine the stress distribution from:
hull girder bending moments and shear forces
local loads from equipment, lateral pressures in tanks and
such.
202 The boundary conditions applied to the model shall not
introduce significant errors in the structural response.
203 The mesh size shall be sufficient to determine the stress
distribution in relation to the acceptance criteria used.
DET NORSKE VERITAS
Offshore Standard DNV-OS-C107, October 2008
Sec.6 Page 21
204 When peak stress criterion is applied in the assessment,
the mesh shall be such that the area which exceeds the yield
stress of the material is determined to such a degree that it is
possible to evaluate the impact on adjacent elements.
Guidance note:
Element size of 50 by 50 mm is typically required in such areas.
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B 300 Loads
301 The hull girder bending moments and shear forces in the
sagging and hogging conditions shall be applied. The still
water values shall not be smaller than the Permissible Still
Water Bending moment values. The still water shear forces
shall be corrected according to the DNV Rules for Classifica-
tion of Ships Pt.3 Ch.1.
302 Tank pressure on elements within the model and loads
from heavy equipment shall be included provided the response
from these loads will increase the stresses in the topside sup-
porting structure.
303 Both static loads and inertial forces from hull accelera-
tions shall be applied. In case of separate models for the top-
side structure, all six reaction load components shall be applied
at the interface.
B 400 Combination of loads
401 The dynamic loads combination may account for joint
probability of occurrence. Unless direct analysis is carried out
to determine the phases between the dynamic responses, the
loads may be combined according to Table E1 and E2 in Sec.4.
B 500 Acceptance criteria
501 The yield and buckling capacity for the structural
elements below and including the deck on which the topside is
connected shall comply with the requirements in DNV Rules
for Classification of Ships Pt.3 Ch.1. Alternatively the assess-
ment may be based on the design principles given in Sec.3 in
this standard.
C. Fatigue assessment
C 100 General
101 The fatigue life of the topside supporting structure shall
be documented according to the principles and requirements
given in Sec.7 Fatigue Capacity Assessment.
Offshore Standard DNV-OS-C107, October 2008
Page 22 Sec.7
SECTION 7
FATIGUE CAPACITY ASSESSMENT
A. Introduction
A 100 General
101 This section gives provisions for assessment of fatigue
capacity of the structural details in the unit. The assessment
shall account for all significant loads contributing to fatigue
damage.
102 In the assessment of fatigue life, consideration shall be
given to the stress concentration factors from fabrication
imperfections which exceed the values included in the S/N
curves.
B. Principles and methodology
B 100 Assessment principles
101 The accumulated fatigue damage from the transit and
operating conditions shall be calculated according to the oper-
ational characteristics of the unit. The fatigue life shall be cal-
culated considering the combined effects of global and local
structural response.
102 The resistance against fatigue is normally given as S-N
curves, i.e. stress range (S) versus number of cycles to failure
(N) based on fatigue tests. Fatigue failure should be defined as
when the crack has grown through the thickness.
103 The required fatigue life of new units shall be minimum
20 years assuming that the unit complies with the DNV
requirements for dry-docking inspection. A design fatigue fac-
tor (DFF) of 1.0 is thus acceptable for all structural elements
which are accessible for inspection and repair during docking.
Higher DFF according to DNV-OS-C102 Appendix A should
be used in case the structure is not accessible for inspection.
104 The effect of mean stresses may be accounted for
according to guidelines given in CN.30.7.
105 The stresses may be based on gross thicknesses (i.e.
without deducting the corrosion additions).
B 200 Methods for fatigue capacity
201 The fatigue analysis should be based on S-N data, deter-
mined by fatigue testing of the considered welded detail, and
the linear damage hypothesis. When appropriate, the fatigue
analysis may alternatively be based on fracture mechanics.
202 Acceptable analysis methods for calculation of the accu-
mulated damage are given in DNV Classification Note 30.7
and DNV-RP-C203.
Guidance note:
Requirements to fatigue assessment may be given by additional
DNV Class Notations like CSA-2 of FMS.
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DET NORSKE VERITAS
Amended October 2009
see note on front cover
C. Structural Details and Stress Concentration
Factors
C 100 General
101 Fatigue sensitive details in the hull shall be documented
to have sufficient fatigue strength. Particular attention should
be given to the following details:
main deck, including deck penetrations, bottom structure
and side shell
hull longitudinal stiffener connections to transverse
frames and bulkheads
shell plate below the draught in full load condition
hopper tank knuckles and other relevant discontinuities
attachments, foundations, supports etc. to main deck and
bottom structure
topside and hull connections including substructure for
drill floor
openings and penetrations in longitudinal members
transverse frames.
102 Stress concentration factors of local details may be
determined according to Classification Note 30.7. For details
not covered by Classification Note 30.7, or documented in
other recognised publications, detailed finite element analysis
should be carried out for determination of SCFs, according to
the procedure given in Classification Note 30.7.
D. Design Loads and Calculation of Stress
Ranges
D 100 Local and global loads
101 The accumulated damage in transit may be based on the
World Wide scatter diagram as given in CN 30.7.
102 In the operating conditions the site specific scatter dia-
gram(s) should be used as basis for the calculations.
103 Typical local load effects to be considered are:
vortex shedding
external sea pressure
tank pressure.
104 Typical global loads to be considered are:
wave bending moments and shear forces
horizontal hull deformations due to wave bending moment
vertical deformation at stools due to differences in stiff-
ness of hull supporting structure
wave induced accelerations (inertia loads).
105 The global and local load effects shall be combined
according to the procedures given in CN 30.7.
Amended October 2009
see note on front cover
SECTION 8
ACCIDENTAL CONDITIONS
A. General
A 100 General
101 Safety assessment is carried out according to the princi-
ples given in DNV-OS-A101 for relevant accidental scenarios.
102 The overall objective for design with respect to acciden-
tal conditions is that unit's main safety functions shall not be
impaired by accidental events. Satisfactory protection against
accidental damage may be achieved by two barriers:
reduction of damage probability
reduction of damage consequences.
103 The design against accidental loads may be done by
direct calculation of the effects imposed by the loads on the
structure, or indirectly, by design of the structure as tolerable
to accidents.
B. Design Criteria
B 100 General
101 Structures shall be checked for accidental loads in two
steps, according to the loading conditions presented in Sec.3
Table C1:
resistance of the structure against design accidental loads,
i.e. loading condition c)
post accident resistance of the structure against environ-
mental loads after accidental damage, i.e. loading condi-
tions d) and e).
The unit shall be designed for environmental condition corre-
sponding to 1 year return period after accidental damage.
Typical accidental loads are:
impact from dropped objects
fires
explosions.
102 Generic values of accidental loads are given in DNV-
OS-A101.
103 The different types of accidental loads require different
methods and analyses to assess the structural resistance. Local
exceedance of the structural capacity is acceptable provided
redistribution of forces due to yielding, buckling and fracture
is accounted for.
104 The inherent uncertainty of the frequency and magni-
tude of the accidental loads, as well as the approximate nature
of the methods for determination of accidental load effects,
shall be recognised. It is therefore essential to apply sound
engineering judgement and pragmatic evaluations in the
DET NORSKE VERITAS
Offshore Standard DNV-OS-C107, October 2008
Sec.8 Page 23
design.
105 If non-linear, dynamic finite element analysis is applied
for design, it shall be verified that all local failure modes (e.g.
strain rate, local buckling, joint overloading, and joint fracture)
are accounted for implicitly by the modelling adopted, or else
subjected to explicit evaluation.
B 200 Dropped objects
201 Critical areas for dropped objects shall be determined on
the basis of the actual movement of potential dropped objects,
e.g. crane or other lifting operation mass, relative to the struc-
ture of the unit itself. Where a dropped object is a relevant acci-
dental event, the impact energy shall be established and the
structural consequences of the impact assessed.
202 Critical areas for dropped objects should be determined
assuming a minimum drop direction within an angle of 10
with the vertical direction.
B 300 Fires
301 The structure that is subjected to a fire shall maintain
sufficient structural strength before evacuation has occurred.
The following fire scenarios shall be considered:
jet fires
fire inside or on the hull
fire on the sea surface.
Assessment of fire may be omitted provided fire protection
requirements made in DNV-OS-D301 are met.
B 400 Explosions
401 One or more of the following main design philosophies
will be relevant:
ensure that hazardous locations are located in unconfined
(open) locations and that sufficient shielding mechanisms
(e.g. blast walls) are installed
locate hazardous areas in partially confined locations and
design utilising the resulting, relatively small overpressure
locate hazardous areas in enclosed locations and install
pressure relief mechanisms (e.g. blast panels) and design
for the resulting overpressure.
402 As far as practicable, structural design accounting for
large plate field rupture resulting from explosion actions
should be avoided due to the uncertainties of the actions and
the consequences of the rupture itself.
403 Structural support of blast walls and the transmission of
the blast action into main structural members shall be evalu-
ated when relevant. Effectiveness of connections and the pos-
sible outcome from blast, such as flying debris, shall be
considered.
Offshore Standard DNV-OS-C107, October 2008 Amended October 2009
Page 24 Sec.9 see note on front cover

SECTION 9
WELDING AND WELD CONNECTIONS

A. Introduction B 300 Full penetration welds

A 100 General requirements
101 The technical requirements for the welding and weld
connections shall, as a minimum, comply with the Rules for
Classification of Ships Pt.3 Ch.1 Sec.11.
102 Full penetration welds shall be used if weld improvements
(e.g. grinding) is needed to achieve required design fatigue life,
unless the fatigue life at the weld root is documented.
103 Deep penetration welds are acceptable in areas where the
design load is primarily static or shear. As a guide, if the static
compression stress constitutes more than 35% of the yield stress,
deep penetration welds may be used with a root face of t/3.
B. Size of Welds
B 100 Double continuous fillet welds
101 Double continuous fillet welds shall be dimensioned
according to principles given in DNV Rules for Classification
of Ships Pt.3 Ch.1 Sec.11. The Table C1 has been extended to
include C factors for typical offshore members, and are shown
in Table B1 below.
Table B1 Weld factor C
60%
Item of span
Local buckling stiffeners 0.14
Stiffeners, frames, beams or longitudinals to shell,
deck, oil tight or water tight girders or bulkhead 0.16
plating, except in after peaks.
Secondary stiffeners in topside structures.
Web plates of non-watertight girders except in
0.20
after peak.
Girder webs and floors in double bottom. Stiffen-
ers and girders in after peaks.
Main girder system in topside structures of stiff- 0.26
ened plate design type.
Horizontal stringers on transverse bulkheads.
Watertight centre line girder to bottom and inner
bottom plating.
Boundary connection of ballast and liquid cargo
bulkhead:
longitudinal bulkheads
transverse bulkheads.
0.52
Hatch coamings at corners and transverse hatch
end brackets to deck.
Top horizontal profile to coaming.
Strength deck plating to shell scuppers and dis-
charges to deck.
Main girder system in topside structures of frame-
work design type.
Fillet welds subject to compressive stresses only. 0.25
All other welds not specified above. 0.43
B 200 Fillet welds and deep penetration welds subject to
high tensile stresses
201 Fillet welds and deep penetration welds subject to high
tensile stresses shall be dimensioned according to principles
given in DNV Rules for Classification of Ships Pt.3 Ch.1 Sec.11.
301 In addition to the full penetration welds required for
joints specified by the Rules for Classification of Ships Pt.3
Ch.1 Sec.11, full penetration welds shall be used for the fol-
lowing connections:
crane pedestal to deck plating
topside support stools to main deck 1)
flare to hull structure
drillfloor support structure to main deck 1).
1) Ref. Section 2 for details
B 400 Direct calculations
401 The distribution of forces in a welded connection may be
calculated on the assumption of either elastic or plastic behav-
iour.
402 Residual stresses and stresses not participating in the
transfer of load need not be included when checking the resist-
ance of a weld. This applies specifically to the normal stress
parallel to the axis of a weld.
403 Welded connections shall be designed to have adequate
deformation capacity.
404 In joints where plastic hinges may form, the welds shall
be designed to provide at least the same design resistance as
the weakest of the connected parts.
At 405 In other joints where deformation capacity for joint rota-
ends tion is required due to the possibility of excessive straining, the
0.14 welds require sufficient strength not to rupture before general
yielding in the adjacent parent material.
0.26 Guidance note:
In general this will be satisfied if the design resistance of the weld
is not less than 80% of the design resistance of the weakest of the
0.32 connected parts.
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0.43
406 The design resistance of fillet welds is adequate if, at
every point in its length, the resultant of all the forces per unit
length transmitted by the weld does not exceed its design
resistance.
407 The design resistance of the fillet weld will be sufficient
if both the following conditions are satisfied:
( )
2 + 3 || 2 + 2
fu
w
0
and
fu 0
= normal stress perpendicular to the throat
= shear stress (in plane of the throat) perpendicular to the
axis of the weld
|| = shear stress (in plane of the throat) parallel to the axis
of the weld, see Table B1
fu = nominal lowest ultimate tensile strength of the weaker
part joined
w = appropriate correlation factor, see Table B1
0 = basic usage factor, see Sec.3 C400

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Amended October 2009 Offshore Standard DNV-OS-C107, October 2008
see note on front cover Sec.9 Page 25

Table B1 The correlation factor w

Steel grade Lowest ultimate tensile strength Correlation factor
fu w
NV NS 400 0.83
NV 27 400 0.83
NV 32 440 0.86
NV 36 490 0.89
NV 40 510 0.9
NV 420 530 1.0
NV 460 570 1.0

Figure 1
Stress components in a fillet weld

DET NORSKE VERITAS

Offshore Standard DNV-OS-C107, October 2008 Amended October 2009
Page 26 Sec.10 see note on front cover

SECTION 10
CORROSION CONTROL

A. Hull and hull structural elements
A 100 General
101 The corrosion protection of the hull and its structural
members shall comply with the requirements in DNV Rules
for Classification of Ships Pt.3 Ch.1.
B. Topside structure
B 100 Void spaces and elements in the atmospheric zone
101 Steel surfaces in topside structure except tanks shall be
protected by a suitable coating system proven for marine
atmospheres.
102 Tanks for fresh water shall have a suitable coating sys-
tem. Special requirements will apply for coating systems to be
used for potable water tanks.
B 200 Tanks
Tanks for liquids shall have a corrosion protection system
according to DNV Rules for Classification of Ships Pt.3 Ch.1.

DET NORSKE VERITAS

Amended October 2009 Offshore Standard DNV-OS-C107, October 2008
see note on front cover App.A Page 27

APPENDIX A
CROSS SECTIONAL TYPES

A. Cross Sectional Types
A 100 General
101 Cross sections of beams are divided into different types
dependent on their ability to develop plastic hinges as given in
Table A1.
Table A1 Cross sectional types
I Cross sections that can form a plastic hinge with the rotation
capacity required for plastic analysis
II Cross sections that can develop their plastic moment resist-
ance, but have limited rotation capacity
III Cross sections where the calculated stress in the extreme com-
pression fibre of the steel member can reach its yield strength,
but local buckling is liable to prevent development of the plas-
tic moment resistance
IV Cross sections where it is necessary to make explicit allow-
ances for the effects of local buckling when determining their
moment resistance or compression resistance
103 Compression elements include every element of a cross
section which is either totally or partially in compression, due
to axial force or bending moment, under the load combination
considered.
104 The various compression elements in a cross section
such as web or flange, can be in different classes.
105 The selection of cross sectional type is normally quoted
by the highest or less favourable type of its compression
elements.
A 200 Cross section requirements for plastic analysis
201 At plastic hinge locations, the cross section of the mem-
ber which contains the plastic hinge shall have an axis of sym-
metry in the plane of loading.
202 At plastic hinge locations, the cross section of the mem-
ber which contains the plastic hinge shall have a rotation
capacity not less than the required rotation at that plastic hinge
location.
A 300 Cross section requirements when elastic global
analysis is used
301 When elastic global analysis is used, the role of cross
section classification is to identify the extent to which the
resistance of a cross section is limited by its local buckling
resistance.
302 When all the compression elements of a cross section are
type III, its resistance may be based on an elastic distribution
of stresses across the cross section, limited to the yield strength
at the extreme fibres.

Table A2 Coefficient related to relative strain

NV Steel grade 1) 2)
NV-NS 1
NV-27 0.94
NV-32 0.86
NV-36 0.81
NV-40 0.78
NV-420 0.75
NV-460 0.72
NV-500 0.69
NV-550 0.65
NV-620 0.62
Figure 1 NV-690 0.58
Relation between moment M and plastic moment resistance Mp
and rotation for cross sectional types. (My is elastic moment re- 1) For steels of improved weldability the required specified mini-
sistance.) mum yield stress is reduced for increasing material thickness,
see DNV-OS-B101
235
102 The categorisation of cross sections depends on the pro- 2) = --------- where f y is yield strength
f
portions of each of its compression elements, see Table A3. y

DET NORSKE VERITAS

Offshore Standard DNV-OS-C107, October 2008 Amended October 2009
Page 28 App.A see note on front cover

Table A3 Maximum width to thickness ratios for compression elements

Cross section part Type I Type II Type III

d / tw 33 2) d / tw 38 d / tw 42

d / tw 72 d / tw 83 d / tw 124

when > 0.5: when > 0.5: when > -1:

396 456 126
d t w ---------------- d t w ------------------- d t w -------------
13 1 13 1 2+
when 0.5: when 0.5: when -1:
36 41.5
d t w -------- d t w -------------- d t w 62 ( 1 )
3)
d = h - 3 tw

Rolled: c t f 10 Rolled: c t f 11 Rolled: c t f 15

Welded: c t f 9 Welded: c t f 10 Welded: c t f 14

Tip in compression Tip in compression Tip in compression

4)
Rolled: c tf 10 Rolled: c t f 11 Rolled: c t f 23 C

Welded: c t f 9 Welded: c t f 10 Welded: c t f 21 C

Tip in tension Tip in tension Tip in tension

10 11
Rolled: c tf ------------ Rolled: c tf ------------ Rolled: c tf 23 C

9 10 Welded: c t f 21 C
Welded: c t f ------------ Welded: c t f ------------

d / tp 50 2 d / tp 70 2 d / tp 90 2

1) Compression negative
2) is defined in Table A2
3) Valid for rectangular hollow sections (RHS) where h is the height of the profile
4) C is the buckling coefficient. See e.g. Classification Note 30.1, Table 3.2, No. 4 and 7 or Euro code 3 Table 5.3.3 (denoted k)
5) Valid for axial and bending, not external pressure.

DET NORSKE VERITAS