Subwar 2050

BUBIMIR
THE UNDERWATER COMBAT SIMULATION
Technical Supplement
for IBM PC Compatibles
TEe II :\ I C \ LSI P P L E " E ""
Contents
Your S ub War 2 05 0 pa c ka ge s hould c ontain a Gam e M a nu a l , a c op y o f
UnderCurrents, this T echnical Supplement , a Key Guide, a set of 3 .5" high d en sity
disk s and a r egistration card .
Required Equipment
Computer
Sub War 2050 r equires an mM PC AT or a computer 100% compatible with this model.
The computer must have a high d en sity floppy disk drive and a hard disk.
Sub War 2050 r equires an 80386 processor and at least 1Mb RAM .
Controls
Although S ub War 2050 can b e run entirely from a standard or portable P C
k eyboard , a mouse and joystick are strongly r ecommended .
D isplay
Sub War 2050 r equires a color monitor with a VGA graphics system. If you are using
a compa tible graphics card/monitor, it must b e 100% compatible with VGA systems.
Disk D rives
SubWar 2050 must b e installed onto a hard disk with 12Mb of fr ee space .
DOS
You must have Microsoft MS-DOS ver sion 5.0 or higher .
TEc:lI\lC\1. ~II'I'I.E'IE\T
Copy Protection
S ub War 2050 ha s no dis k copy protec tion . Howeve r , the program as k s yo u a
manual-I'elated qu es tion . Use th e manual to an SWel" th e question . Mi croProse
l"egr ets that co ntinuing ca s ual and organized software pira cy r equires that thi s
minimal form of copy protection is retained.
Installation
An in stallation program is included on the SubWar 2050 Disk A.
In sert Disk A into yo ur floppy drive (dl"ive A or B ) a nd d esignate that dl"ive (b y
typing "A: [Return]" or " B : [Return],,).
When the new prompt appears, typ e " INSTALL [Return]"
Please follow the on-scr een text which appears.
The default (pI"e-set) in stallation routine places SubWar 2050 in a directo l"y named
C:\MP S\SUBW
Loading Instructions
Switch on yO UI" machine and wait until the C: \> prompt appea r s .
Type " CD MPS \ SUBW [Return]" and th en type "SUBWAR [Return ]" to mn
the gam e .
No te : If yo u have installed SubWar 2050 to another directory, yo u mu st type "CD
[name of yo ur directory]" first.
If the game fail s to load, r ead the Problem Section of this T echnica l Supplement.
Sound
SubWcu 2050 s upport s th e PC int e t'nal spea k e r , AdLib compatibl e cards ,
SoundBlaster compatible ca rds and the Roland LAPC-1 ca rd .
Operating Difficulties and Loading Problems

Q. Why can't I install the game to my hard disk?
1. You mu st chec k all system requirements, especiall y any mention of hard di sk
space r equired, listed in this Technical Supplement.
2. If you still have a pl'Oblem , you should make copies of the ol'iginal di s ks and use
the duplica tes in place of the ot'iginals; sometimes you'U get a t'ead en-Ot' due to a
diffet'ence in head alignment.
3. If the game s till does n ' t work, make sure you are not l'lmning a co mpression
utility program on yo ur hat"d disk .
4. Finally, tt"y in stalling the game on another ma chine to see if the problem recut's.
Q. How do I copy disks?

Fl'Om the C: \> pl'Ompt, use the DOS co mmand DISKCOPY A: A: [Retum]. Follow
the on-sct"een pt'ompts.
Q. Why won't my game load?

You must have 612,096 b ytes (598K ) of Conventional Memor'y and 10K UMB (Uppel"
Memor'y Block ) or' 620 ,288 bytes (606K) Conventional Memo.y and no UMB.
To c h ec k that you hav e allocated an upp e r' me mot"y block, look fOI" th e lin e
DOS=UMB (MS-DOS 6) ot" DOS = HIGH , UMB (MS-DOS 5) in you,' PC's
CONFIG.SYS fil e.
Slow Running
If yo u al" e not I' unnin g ft'om a boot di s k , please e n s ut" e that yo u hav e
SMARTDRV.SYS or SMARTDRV.EXE load ed into yo ut" CONFIG.SYS or
AUTOEXEC.BAT.
TECII\IC\L ~II'I'LE"E\T
Conventional Memory
To ch eck how much Conventional Memory is available, type MEM/C from the C: b
prompt and press the R e turn key . Look for th e Largest Executable Program
details . If there is not enough Conventional Memory , you may need a Boot Disk.
Q. What is a Boot Disk?

This is a Start Up disk for your computer which contains alternative start up files to
those on your hard disk. The Boot Disk will allow you more Conventional Memory.
Making a Boot Disk

Instructions for making an MS-DOS Boot Disk (a lso known as a System Disk) will
be found in your Microsoft manual.
U sing a Boot Disk

In se rt th e Boot Di s k into yO Ut' flopp y di s k driv e A and th e n switc h on the
computer. You should leave the disk in the floppy drive during play.
Q. Can I run my game through Windows?

No, this is not r ecommended , unless sp ecifically mentioned in the system r equirements.
Q. Does my game run with DR DOS?

Success is not guaranteed. MicroProse games are currentl y d esign ed to run with
MS-DOS 5 .0 or 100% compatible DOS .
TEC''''C\L ~I PPLE"E''''
Q. What is Base Memory?

Thi s i s th e origina l 1Mb ( 1024K) III yo ur ma c hin e . It is divid e d up into
Conv entional Memory (640K) , whe r e MS -DOS and all P C programs load and
Upper Memory (384K), wher e system driver s (such as the mouse driver ) r eside.
In MS-DOS 5.0 the bulk of th e operating sys t em and a ssociated driver s are
normall y load e d into U pp e r M e mor y. Oth e r dri ve r s h e ld in th e area of
Conventional Memory will r educe your 640K available for the program .
Q. What is Extended Memory (XMS)?

Further memory, beyond the 1Mb of Base Memory on your PC is called Extended
Memory. XMS can b e used to free more Conventional Memory so that bigger games
can b e run . XMS can also be used to simulate Expanded Memory.
Q. What is Expanded Memory (EMS)?

EMS was originally designed to give the PC more memory to run programs. It has
been around far longer than XMS so most programs take advantage of it. Most
MicroProse games take advantage of EMS. The DOS command EMM386 .EXE can
be used to turn XMS into EMS and should b e in your CONFIG.SYS .
Remember that hard disk space is also measured in Megabytes (Mb). Don ' t confuse
this with memory - the two are completely differ ent!
Technical Assistance
If you have read through the Problems Section of this technical supplement and
still experience difficulties with the game, you may need some help from us. As we
receive many calls every day, we can deal with your inquiry more efficiently if you
have the following information available:
1. The correct name of the game

2. The type of computer you are running it on
3. Your DOS version
4. How much conventional memory you have
5. The exact error message reported (if any)
6. The version # of the game
Call us at (410) 771-1151, Monday through Friday 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. EST.
Have a pen and paper handy when you call. Alternately, you can write to Customer
Service at the address shown in this document.
Virus
Be aware that a virus may have transferred into your hardware from another piece
of software . Pirated copies of games are an incredibly common source of virus
problems, it always pays to own original software.
Software Fau It
In the unlikely event of a software fault please return the complete package, with
your receipt, to the place of purchase. MicroProse regrets that goods cannot be
replaced unless bought from the company directly.
The Read Me File

The latest notes regarding this program can he found in a file named
README. TXT in the SUBWAR directory. These notes may be read by using
eit h er standard DOS commands or the DOS 5.0 text editor (type EDIT
README. TXT).
TECII\IC\!. SII'I'I.E\lE\T
A 0 I v I s Ion 0 f S pee t rum Hoi 0 B Y t e~ Inc .
180 Lakefront Drive, Hunt Valley, MD 21030

(410) 771-U51
Game Design and Program Copyright 1994 Particle Systems

Documentation, Packaging and Logo Copyright 1994 MicroProse
Thi s documentation , accompa n ying man uals a nd Ooppy disks are copyrighted . The owner o[ this
prod uct is entitled to use this produ ct fo r his o r her per sonal use. Ex cept [or back-u p copies o[ the disks
fo ,' per so na l use and the quoting of b"ief pa ssages [or the purposes of reviews, no one may transfe,',
co py, back-up , give or sell any part of the manual or the information on the disks, or transmit in any
fOlom or by a n y me an s , e lectro n ic, m ~c h a ni c al , photocopyin g, r ecord_jn g o r othe r"wise witho ullhe prior
pe"mission of the publisher. Any per son or pC"sons r eprod ucing any part of this program , in any media ,
fo r any reaso n , sha ll be guilty of copyright violation and sh a ll be subj ect to civil li ability at the
disc re tion of the cop yright holder.
Made in the USA

Bua_A
THE UNDERWATER COMBAT SIMULATION
MicroProse , 180 Lakefront Drive, Hunt Valley , MD 21030

(410) 771-1151
Game Design and Program Copyright 1994 Particle Systems
Documentation, Packaging and Logo Copyright 1994 MicroProse
This documentation , accompan ying manual and floppy disks are copyrighted. The owne r of this produc t
is entitled to use this product for his o r h er pe r sonal use . Except for back-up copies of the di sks for
pe r sonal use and the quoting of brief passages for the purposes of reviews , no one ma y transfe r , copy,
back-up , give or sell any p a rt of the manual or the information on the disks, or tran smit in an y form or
by any means , electronic , mechanical , photocopying, recording or othe rwise without the prio lo
pe rmission of the publishe r . Any pe r son or persons r eproducing any part of this program , in any media ,
for any rea son , shall be guilty of copyright violation and shall be subj ec t to civil liability at the
discretion of the copyright holde r.
Made in the USA

(; \ 'I E 'I \ , I \ L
CREDITS
Game Design & Programming Michael Powell for Particle Sys tem s
3 -D Shape Design Saul Markese
Michael Powell
Additional Shape Design Amanda Roberts
Kevin Ayre
Graphics and Animations Mark Scott
Eddie Garnier
Additional Graphics Martin Smillie
Mission Design Mike Brunton
Music and Sound Effects Matthew Walden
Quality Assurance Management P eter Woods
Quality Assurance Testing Andrew Luck ett Matt Showalter
Darren Kirby J eff Dinger
J ames Hawkins Destin Strader
Andrew Hiek e Brian Wilson
P eter Moreland
Documentation Kristian Ramsay-Jones
Packaging Design Julie Burness
Sarah Warburton
John Emory
Game Manual Design Sarah Kerr
Joe Morel
Unde rcurrents Design Sarah Warburton
Managing Editor Alkis Alkiviades
Product Marketing Manager John Davis
Producer Tim Roberts
Publishers Paul Hibbard
P eter Moreland
Special Thanks to P eter Hunter at the Institute of Oceanographic Studies for
Under sea Topological Data.
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CONTENTS
Quick Start ..... ... .......................................... ...................... ..... 5
Introduction ....................................... ...................... .....................9
The Manuals ............................... ........... ........... ..... ..... .. ......... 9
Controls ..... ... ..... .. .... .. ............................. .. ............... ..... ........ 10
The Controller ............ . .... .. .......... ....... .... ......................... 10
The Selector ... .. ..... ...... .. .... . ..................... ... .. ............... . ... 10
Getting Started ..................... .... .. ..... .. ... ... ......... .......... ........... .. ... 11
Sorting the Materials .... ... ..... ....................... ..... .. ... ..... ... ........ 11
Installing/Loading Sub War 2050 ......................................... .. .11
Copy Protection .... .. ..... .. ........... ..... .. .......... ........................ ... 11
The Command Center ............................. ........... .. ..................... .. 12

New Campaign ............................ ...... ...... .. ... ................... .... .. 13
Quit ............ .............. ............. ................................... ............ 13
Game Options ................. ...... .... ....................... ........ .. ..... ..... . 14
Simulated Combat ...... ... ... .. ..... .. .............. .. ...... ....... .......... ..... 16
Pilot Roster ..... ..... ... ... ..... .. .......... ..................... .... ................ 16
Mission Briefing ....... ............. ... ... ....... ................................. .. 17
The Orders ....... ................................. . ........................ .. ... 18
The Mission Map ... ............... .. .... . ........................ .... .. ........ 18
The 3-D Briefing .... . ........................................ ..... ............. 19
Configure Subs ... ........ .. ................ ....................... ........ ..... .... 20

The Configuration Screen ...... ...... .. ........ . ........ . .......... ..... .... 20
The Arming Screen . .. .. . ........... ....... .... ... ...... ...... ........ . . .. . .... 21
Enter Mission .. ........................ ...... ....... .. .. ...... ..... ............ ...... 21

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CONTENTS
The Mission ..... ............ ............ ..... ...................................... ........ .22
Piloting Your Submarine ............................... ... .. ... .... ... .. ... .... 22
Pt-inlary Controls ... . ............................... . .... . .................... .22
The 3-D Disp la y .... . .... .. . ...... . ... .......... ....... ..... ... ... .. ............ 23
The Head-Up Display ......... . ............. . ................ ... .............. 24
The Cockpit Di sp lays ... ..... ... ................................ .............. 26
Full-Sct'een Disp la ys ...... .... . .... ....................................... ... . 30
Other Controls .................... ..... ...................................... .. 31
Views ...... ........ ................... ...... ........ ......... ............................ 32

Cockpit Views . . ........ .. .... ......... ....... ..................... ...... ....... 32
External Views ................................................................. 32
Returning to the Sub Carrier ... .... ............. .. .......................... 33
Mission Debriefing ........... .. ......... ... ..... ... .......... .. ........................ 34

ElUIEIHYAA
Quick Start
Training Missions Guide
Install and Load Sub War 2050 b y Type in the an swe r from the manual
1 referring to the Technical Supplement. r efe r en ce given and YO ll ' U be taken into
YO lll' sub ca rrie r Command Center.
2 After the animated Int ro , you ' ll be

taken to the Copy Protection scr een. The Command Center
Game
Options
Quit Configure
Subs
Enter
Mission
Mission
Briefing
< e w Campaign> hi ghlight e d in a

3 Your fir s t mission will b e a
Training Mission. central m essage box.
Mov e th e c ur s or (using joy s tick , Select (press Joy s tick Fire Button ,
mous e or k ey boat-d) to th e top-left Left Mouse Button or R e turn K ey) to
of th e sc r ee n. You will see enter the Campaign Screen.
Mov e y our c ur s or ov e r th e top Sel ec t the sec ond from th e bottom
4 button ( th e arrow sy mbol) and
select until you see <Training> unde r
butt o n to look at a 3-D dia gr a m of
yo ur propo se d mi ss ion. Don ' t
the pilot's name . worr y about c onfi g urin g your s ub
for now .
Select the second button to view a general
description of the Training scenario. Select the lowest button to r eturn to
the Command Center .
Select the lowest button to r eturn to
the Comma nd Center .
7 Move the cursor to <Begin Mission>
(bottom right) a nd Select ; to jump
5 Move the cursor to the b ottom left.

Highlight <Pilot Rostei'> and select.
into your cockpit.
In The Cockpit
Look at the Pilot Scr een .
Selec t the top left button , t yp e in

your name and press R eturn .
8 You are advised to u se the Pau se
fun ction a s often a s po ssible until
y ou ar e f a miliar with all th e s ub
Select the bottom left button to r eturn c ontrol s. You ' ll b egin th e mi ss ion
to the Command Center . h aving b een launch ed from just b elow
the sub carrier .
6 Mo ve th e c ur s or to <Mi ss ion
Bri efin g> (sec ond from th e le ft )
and select.
Press Key P to P a u se the simulation.
Familiariz e yourself with th e coc kpit
You'll see an outline of your fIrst training controls and look at the Game Manual
pa ges 18 to 3 0 if y ou want full
mission . This is a Navigation test. You
mus t steer through 3 gr een triangular <Mission> details.
mission marke r s (called <W aypoints Press Key P to Unpause the simulation .
then back to the Sub Carrier.
Weapon
Instruments Display
Targeting Sonar Cross

Display Section (SCS)
Display
Navigati on
Display Damage
Status
9 Make sure your Navigation Display
scr een (on the left of the cockpit) is
not set to Map Mode but shows Waypoint 1
12 If yo u aim for th e co rr ec t
headin g and ge t to th e co rrec t
depth , you 'll eventually see a small gr een
(Waypoints are na vigation points to b e triangle. This is yo ur first Waypoint.
pa ssed thro u gh in the mission .) Press
H ead for this trian gle .
key M once, if it does show a Map
Thi s s cr ee n will s how ( in blu e) th e

Waypoint numb e r ( 1), a co mpa ss
13 As yo u ge t clo se to th e gr ee n
tl"iangle Waypoint, it will incr ease
in size and yo u must aim yo ur s ub to
heading, the distan ce Range and its
pass through it. If you fail , try again.
d e pth . Mi ss ion Wa y point s will b e
s h o wn a s Green Trian g les o n yo ur Pa ss tht"o u g h th e fir s t Waypoint.
H ead -Up Di spla y. Look at th e In s trument di s pla y. Thi s
will now s how < Waypt 2 > , a n ew
10 Your fir s t aim in this Trainin g
missio n will b e to pass through
a ll three GI"een Triangles "Wa ypoints"
Co mpass H ea ding, range and d ep th .
R epeat the above procedure until yo u

and th e n ba c k to th e s ub Carn e l" hav e pa sse d through th e 3 mi ss ion
(marked by a fourth triangle) . Wa ypoint s. You will th e n b e giv e n a
F o urth Wa ypoint. Thi s is yo ur t"o ute
Now , look a t the Instnlment Di splay
ba c k to yO Ul" s ub carrie L When yo u
( th e s mall sc r ee n on top of the main
ha ve passed Wa y point 4 yo ur
display in the coc kpit) .
Navigation Training miss ion is over.
This shows yo ur current s tatu s :
You will b e returned to the catTier and
your compass hea ding in degrees
b e Debriefed with full mission details.
s mall r e d le ft or ri g ht arrows
pointing yo u in the dil'ection of the On ce ba ck in the Command Cente r
first Waypoint Scr'een, return to Mission Briefin g. You
th e s p ee d of y our s ub (in knots) will still be playing the Training Scenario.
and your throttle setting
Th e n ex t mi ss ion will b e a
yo ur curt"ent d epth
14 weapons test. You will h ave to go
11 You ' r e not moving ye t , so yo u ' r e

advised to incr ea se yo ur throttle .
t o Waypoint 3 and tor'p e d o three
dumm y targe t s, then r e turn to ba se
( Wa ypoint 4). For mor e d e tail s o n
Press the Plus Key until the throttle is set
wea pons see th e Game Manual page 21.
to 50.
R e p ea t th e procedure f ollowe d in
Now, get used to your controller. Try to
your' first mission and make yo ur way
turn in the direction of the tiny r ed arrow.
to Waypoint 3. When yo u have passed
Look at th e d e pth of Waypoint l. tht"ou gh the third gr een tl"i a n gle, stop
Look at yOUI" d epth. yo ur engines (press Shift/ Minus Key - )
Tr y to mat c h th e d e pth of th e fit" s t and look at"ound you (sta y in <Forward
Wa ypoint. View> for now).
Look at the dummy targets. If you are Tt'aining Mission s continue in a similar
close enough they will b e colored red on style, but in the n ext mission you will
the HUD (Head-Up Display) with a line b e put under press ure. Get in , shoot a
lea ding to the nearest thermal grid (fot robot s ub and get out quickly!
full d eta il s on thermal grids see th e Sonar
Undet Curr-ents Magazine) .
Wh e n you b egin mi ssio n s against
Th e object marked with a
15 diamond-shape is the current
anything that i s going to s hoot back ,
yo u 'n have to get to grips with Sonar
targe t. Other objects will b e in a box- (Lower right on the Cockpit). Full details
s h ape. Oth er d e tail s appear on th e are to b e found in the U nde r Curt'ents
main ce ntral targeting displa y (see page Magazine that came in your Sub War 2050
28 Game Manual for d etails) . package (see page 6 Attack Tactics).
You can press the ReturnfEnter key to select Basically , th e quiete r yo u are the less
each of the 3 objects in turn as targets. chance ther e is of yo u being d etected by
th e en em y. Key S cycles through Sonar
Press th e R eturn k ey 3 times and the
Modes - Off - Passive - Active.
diamond will switch to all three obj ects .
If yo u turn it Off yo u will not b e able to
Look at th e l owest r e ading on th e
detect targets.
large central display marked < Conf >.
Thi s i s th e 'Co nfid e n ce Fa c tor ' for If you set it for Passive, you won ' t give
hitting that diamond-shaped target. If it awa y yo ur position to the en emy during
i s over a value of 100 - y ou are high risk encountets.
guaranteed a hit. Move the s ub until IT you set it for Active yo u ' ll get the b est
yo u have a number over 100. r es ult s but you'll b e in dan ge r of
detection.
Look at the W eapon Display (on th e
right of the cockpit). It will show <Torpedo Th e yellow bar sca l e indicates how
8> on the second line. IT it doesn't press ' noisy' you are. It will change color to
BackSpace Key lmtil it does. r ed if you are b eing extremely noisy.
Now, press the Space Bar to fire your Extreme noise means early death!
torpedo. Watch it hit the target.
Th e next targe t will b e marked with a 16 Consult the "Read Me File" on

the installed ga me for the ve r y
lates t gameplay information b y u sin g
diamond.
standard DO S command s .
R e p ea t the above procedure for th e
next targeted contact. For full ta c ti cal and background
information cons ult the Under
Wh en you hav e destroyed all three Currents Magazine.
objects, h ea d for Waypoint 4 (Your
For full gameplay information consult
sub-ca rr-ier ). The mission will end when
the Game Manual & Key Guide.
yo u pa ss through Waypoint 4. On ce
again you will b e Debriefed (Look at the For full teclmical information consult
money you ' ve been allocated! ). the Teclmical Supplement.
INTRODUCTION
S ubWar 2050 is a unique simulation . It c ombin es e le m ents of s ubmarin e
warfare, fli g ht s imulation and s trat egy ga m e; se t in a r ea li s ti c futur e
world scenario .
Yo u take the part of on e of th e n ew breed of submarine r s, piloting th e la test in

m a rin e t ec hnolo gy; th e fi ghte r s ub. Working for hu ge co rporation s a s an
independent m e l'cenary, ea ch mission yo u carry out is rewarded in hard cash .
One moment , yo u are battling using tactics which are drawn from air warfare . The
nex t , you are diving d eep to redu ce yo ur cavitation and coming to a halt to r educe
yo ur passive sonar visibility.
Va rie d mi ssion s in fOUl' th e ater s of war , simulated co mbat mod e and a full
complem e nt of training missions make S ubWar 2050 th e d efinitive unde rwate r
combat simulation.
The Manuals
This manual is organized to help you stal't playing SubWar 2050 quickly: -
The section o n The Command Cenlel' will introduce you to the diffe r ent levels of
p lay in Sub War 2050.
The section on The Mission explain s how to operate yo ur sub 's control , na viga tion
and combat system s.
The sepal'a te UnderCurrents manual contain s information which m ay be useful as

yo u get d eeper into the game.
c; \" E ,,\ '\ l \ L
Controls
The Controller
You can play SubWar 2050 u sing a combination of Keyboard , Mouse or Joystick.
For piloting submarines, it is recommended that you use a Jo ys tick and for menu
selection it is r ecommended that yo u use a Mouse.
In this manual , which is applicable to all computer systems , these thtee devices a r e
known as the Controller.
The Selector
During the game, you ma y be asked to select from a list of options. You will b e able
to use eithe r the Keyboard R e turn/Enter k ey, the Left Mou se Button (a bbreviated
to LMB) or the Joystick Fire Button.
In this manual , these d evices are referred to a s the Selector .

(; \ \1 E \1 \ \ I \ L
GETTING STARTED
Sorting the Materials
Your Sub War 2050 package contains this Manual, a cop y of UnderCurrents , a
T echnical Supplem ent , a Key Guide and a set of disk s to run the simulation.
Installing/Loading SubWar 2050

The T echnical Supplement gives sp ecific instructions fOI' installing and/or loading
Sub War 2050 for your particular computer.
Copy Protection
M telo the op ening scr een s, you are taken to the Copy Protection scr een . Enter the
correct word fr om the manual u sing the r efe r en ce given.
Wh e n yo u hav e comple t e d th e C op y Pro tec tion , y ou are t r an sferred to The

Command Center , on board the sub carrie r .
(; \ \. E \. \ '\ I \ L
THE COMMAND CENTER

Th e Command Cente r is the central room of your s ub c alTi e r. Th e Command
Ce nte l" sC l"ee n contain s a numbe l" of option s which are a ccessed by moving the
CUI'SOI" ove l' an 'active' al"ea of the sc eee n and pl"essing the Selector.
New Game
Campaign Options
Quit---
Simulated
Combat
Mission
Briefing
Whe n you move th e CUI'SOI" ove l" an ' a c tive' al"e a of th e Command Ce nte l" , its
fun c tio n is displa yed in th e b ox at the to p cente r' of th e SCl'een.
12
(; \ "E 'I \ '\ I \ L
New Campaign
Select 'New Campaign' to begin a n ew campaign. You may choose from:-
North Pacific - Training

Antarctica - The Hot Cold War
North Atlantic - The Treasure Trove
South China Sea - Trouble in Paradise
North Pacific/Sea of Japan - Small Insults, Big Business
The training c ampaign is r ecomme nded for rookie sub pilots. Each of the othe r
four scenarios have their own uniqu e challe nges and may be p layed in any order.
Click on the B icon to change the curre nt campaign. You may change your
CUlTent campaign at an y time; th e position r ea ched in yo ur previous campaign will
b e saved .
rr=I_
Click on the 1=.1 icon to view the scenario briefing text.
Clic k on the ~ icon to l-e turn to the Command Center.
Quit
Select ' Quit ' to exit Subwar 2050 and re turn to your computer's operating system.
(; \ \. E \. \ \ t \L
Game Options
Select ' Game Options' to make game configuration changes. T o change a particula r
game option , click on the G Icon.
Click on the ~ icon at the bottom of the Game Options scr een to r eturn to the
Command Center .
Calibrate Joystick
Select this option to calibra te an analogu e joys tick .
Control Mode - Mouse/Joystick/Keyboard

Select this option to change the submarine control mode .
Terrain Shading - Textured/PlainlWireframe

Select this option to change the 3-D terrain shading mode - fully textured terrain
can slow the fr am e upda te rate significantly , es pecially on slower machines .
Object Shading - Textured/PlainlWireframe

Select this option to change the 3-D obj ect shading mode .
(; \ \, E \, \ \ I \ L
Collisions - On/Off
Selecting 'Collisions Off' prevents your submarine from su staining damage if it hits
the seabed or anothe r submarine .
Selec ting ' Colli sions On ' is more diffic ult to pla y, but will r es ult in a high e r
mISSIOn sco r e.
Enemy Skill Level - HighfMediumfLow

Th e e n e m y s kill le vel affec t s th e intelligen ce, a gg r ess iv e n ess a nd numb e r of
opponents you en counte r during a mission.
Playing on a high skill le vel will r es ult in a high er mission score .
Screen Zoom - On/Off

Select ' Scr een Zoom off' to turn off the zoom effect b etween scr een s.
(; \ '1 E ,,\:\ I \ L
Simulated Combat
Selecting ' Simulated Combat' puts yo u into a fighter sub simulator , in the middle of
a multi-s ub underwater dogfight. 'Simulated Combat' allows yo u to p erfec t your
underwater combat technique without getting killed.
The score which you get at the end of a ' Simulated Combat' session is d ep endent on
several fa ctors, including how many en emy subs you destro y and the number of
weapons it took to d estroy them.
For more d e tail s on piloting s ubmarin es, see th e sec tion of thi s manual on
' The Mission ' .
Pilot Roster
The Pilot Roster scr een allows you to select or cr eate a pilot.
If you wish to playa differ ent pilot , click on one of the eight number ed icons along
the bottom of the pilot status display. If the pilot is unavailable for action , they are
listed as either ' KIA' (Killed In Action) , ' MIA' (Missing In Action) or 'Ca ptured '.
(; \ "E ,,\ '\ I \ L
If yo u want to create a new pilot , e1j ck on one of the eight numbered icons to select
the pilot yo u wish to d elete, then click on the 8 icon. T yp e in th e new pilot 's
name u sing the k eyboard and press IReturn I. The d efault campaign for new s ub
pilots is ' Trailling'. Return to the Command Center and enter the 'New Campaign '
scr een if you wish to select a differ ent campaign.
If yo u wish to change the face of the selected pilot, click on the ~ icon.
Cli ck on the m icon to view the selected pilot's medals and awards.
Click on the ~ icon to r eturn to the Command Center.
Mission Briefing
When you have cr eated or selected a pilot in the Pilot Roster and yo u have selected
a ca mpaign , yo u are able to enter the Mission Briefing.
The Mission Briefin g consists of three scr eens:-
the Order s - click on the ~ icon.
the Mission Map - click on the m Icon.
the 3-D Briefing - click on the ~ Icon .

(; \ "E ,,\:\ I \ L
The Orders
The Order s scr een con sists of a brief d escription of the mission 's objectives, rules
of en gagement and intelligen ce data on enemy a ctivity . To view the next page of the
Mission Briefing , click on the B icon.
The Mission Map
The Mission Map is a top-down view of the mission area. You ma y also call up a
Mission Map when yo u are in the cockpit of your submarine.
(; \ \1 E \1 \ ' I \ L
The 3-D Briefmg
Th e 3-D Briefing augments th e Mission Map by providing a 3-D view of th e

mission area. Additional data is provided on this screen concerning the d epth of the
mission waypoints.
The 3-D view may b e manipulated by using the ten icon s in the top right of the 3-D
briefin g screen :-
Select the m m or icon s to move the display W est or East.
Select the ~ or ffi icons to move the display Notth or So uth.
Select the r!] or ~ icon s to move the display up or down.
Select the ~ or ~ icons to rotate the display to the right or left.
Select the ~ or ffi icons to tilt the display fot'ward or bac kward.
Note: To cycle through the mission waypoints, press the [Spacebar I.

( ; \ \1 E \1 \ '\ I \ L
Configure Subs
When you have completed your Mission Briefing, you may enter the ' Configure
Subs ' sc reen s. This consists of two displays :-
the Configuration Screen

the Arming Scr een
The Configuration Screen
This is the first sc reen in the 'Configure Subs' section. It consists of a 3-D displa y
of the sub(s) you are taking on yoU!" mission and their payload , orders, type and
formation position.
Click on the m or ~ icon s to select the nex t/previous sub . The selected sub
is highlighted with a pair of yellow brackets .
Click on the @ icon to enter the Arming Screen.

Note: The ~ icon and the ~ icon are only used 011 the Wingmen Orders Screen
(See page 31).
:W
(; \ \. E \. \ 1\ I \ L
The Arming Screen
Tot-pede- 2 F'CoO: ~ et..= ::::

-I' III~- -................ ~ -
--
Tt-:.ro.=pro~t- 2
This scr een allows yo u to a d just the p ayload of your sub to suit you r particular
tactics or skill level. F or examp le, when yo u have b ecome a proficient sub pilot you
might p r efer to take rock ets on a mission instead of torpedoes .
Click on the m or ~ i cons t o sel ec t the n ex t/previou s we apon ba y. Th e

selected weapon b ay is highlighted with a yellow box .
Click on the ~ icon to load more of the selected weapon onto your sub .
Click on the ffi icon to unload the selected weap on from your sub .
Enter Mission
Wh e n you ha ve c onfigure d your submarines, click on the bottom right-hand
monitor to b egin your mission .
21
(;\\1": '1\,\1 \1,
THE MISSION
Piloting Your Submarine
You begin most missions under the submarine carrier, moments after launching.
Primary Controls
Submarine controls are split into three different groups -
Directional Controls which allow yo u to turn , dive and climb.
Engine Controls which allow you to control your speed.
Ballast Tank Controls which provide additional control over d epth. These con trols
may also be used when yo u are stationary, hiding from passive so nat".
Directional Controls
Joystick Keyboard Mouse
pitch down
roll right
pitch down
roll left
(; \ \1 E \1 \ '\ I \ L
Press [I] to lock yo ur submarine into single-plane mane uvering. With this function
on, moving the contl"Oller to the left or l'ight will make th e sub turn in that direction
with no change in its roll angle. Single-plane maneuvering is useful when you are
lining up on targets and when yo u are running on the s urface .
Engine Controls
G Incr ease throttle
8 Decr ease throttle
(Shift 18 Set throttle to minimum power
CD Set throttle to 1/3 power
CD Set throttle to 2/3 power
(Shift 1[iJ Set throttle to maximum power
Ballast Tank Controls

Flood ballast tanks
Flood/blow balla st tanks to r emain at current depth
Blow ballast tanks
Note: If you want to dive or climb r eally fa st , combine the dive controls with the
engine controls .
The 30 Display
It is too dark to navigate a s ubmarin e visually at d epth s b elow about 200 feet. For
thi s r e a so n a 3-D seafloor di spl ay, generated fr o m seafloor s urv ey data, is
projected onto the inside of your sub 's cockpit. This 'virtual world' displa y is also
used to show your opponents' submarines via active sonar imaging.
(; \ "E ,. \ \ ( \ L
The Head-Up Display

The H ead-Up Display is overlaid on the 3-D display and shows the followin g d a ta: -
Artificial Horizon
When your sub is not at a high nose-up or nose-down angle , yo u will be able to see
the at"tificial hodzon bar. This is dis played on th e H U D as a s h o rt (Oe d lin e,
allowing yo u to see if yo ur sub is in a level attitud e .
Waypoints
When yo u reach a waypoint , it will b e displa yed on your H UD as a gr een tria ngle .
If yo u fl y through the centre of this triangle, yo ur sub 's na viga tion sys tem will
automatically switch to track the next mission waypoint.
Thermal Layers
Thermal laye r s are boundaries b etween warm an d cool wate r which are set up by
ocean currents. They are very important to sub pilots because they reflect so nar
just like a mirror r efl ec ts light. If yo u position your sub with a the rmal layer
b e tween it and the enemy, yo u will be in visible to their sonar.
Thermal layer boundaries ma y b e one of two t ypes :-

From warm to cool water - displayed on yo ur H UD as a gr een grid.
From coo l to warm water - displa yed on yo ur H UD as a red grid.
The rmal la ye r s are also u seful to o ri e ntate yo urself. For exa mple, if you are
upside-down you will see r ed thermal layer s b elow you.
Waypoint
marker
Artifi cial
Horizon
:! I
(; \ "E ,,\, I \ L
Targeting
When yo ur sonar detects an object , it will mark it with a box o n the HUDo The
currently targeted object is marked with a diamond-shaped box , all othero contacts
are maroked with square boxeso Th e HUD targe ting display a lso presents the
foUowing target information:-
the object's distance from the n earest thermal boundaryo This is r epresented
by a line extending vertically from the sonar contact to the thermal boundaryo
If theroe is no theromal boundary nearb y, this line will not b e displayedo
target type, which may b e one of the following:-

SUB - a submarine
BIO - a marine life form
SHP - a ship
HLI - a h elij et
TRP - a torpedo or rocket
MNE - a mine or d eptb charge
TRN - a transponder
Dey - a decoy
STR - a structure such as an underwater ba se
DBR - underwater debris
UNK - unknown
ta rget rating, d enoted b y the color of the tracking box:-

Blue - friendly object
R ed - enem y object
GtOeen - n e utral or unknown object
The H ead -Up Displa y ma y be toggled on or off by pressing lE)o
0)-
_ 0)
(; \ 'I E 'I \ '\ I \ I.
The Cockpit Displays
Sonar
Targeting Cross
Display Section
(SCS)
Display
Navigation
Display
Damage
Status
The coc kpit displa y con sists of four large scr een s, augm enting the 3-D display and
th e H U D . Th e r e ar e als o two s mall di s pla ys for in s tant a ssess m e nt of your
d e tectability and damage status.
(; \ 'I E \1 \ \ I \ L
Navigation Display
The Navigation Display has two modes ; Waypoint and Map. Press [E:TI to toggle
between these two modes.
In Waypoinl mode, the Navigation Display lists the following information:-
WAYPT - waypoint currently being tracked by the navigation system.

BEARING - the bearing along which you must travel to reach the waypoint.
RANGE - the distance to the waypoint.
DEPTH - the depth of the waypoint.
TIME - the elapsed mission time (you will be told in the briefing if you
have a set time to complete the mission).
CLRNC - the clearance between the seabed and your sub . If you get within
100 feet of the seabed, this readout will change from yellow to red.
In Map mode , the Navigation Display shows a map of the immediate terrain with
your sub in the centre. As on the HUD, all objects are color coded:-
Yellow - your sub Blue - friendly object
R ed - enemy object Green - neutral or unknown object
Instruments
The Instruments consist of three rows of figures:-
The top line shows your current heading in degrees. The direction you must turn to
reach the currently selected waypoint is also shown, as arrows to either side of the
heading readout.
The second line shows the sp eed of your sub in knots, followed by your throttle
setting (between 0 and 120).
The last line shows your current depth in feet.

(; \ 'I E 'I \ '\ I \ L
Targeting Display
The targeting display gives a r eadout of data con cerning the currently targeted
sonar contact. T o change the currently targeted sonar contact , press IReturn I.
CONTACT - the numbe r of the currently tal"geted contact followed b y the

total number of sonar contacts.
TYPE - the type of contact (e .g. SUB - a submarine). This may change as
your sub gets closer to a contact and identifies it more positively.
RATING - the target 's rating (friendly, en emy, unknown).
BEARING - the b earing which yo u must follow to r each the conta ct.
COURSE - the course which the contact is following.
SPEED - the sp eed at which the contact is travelling.
RANGE - the distance from your sub to the contact, in nautical miles.
CONF - th e confiden ce factor of your submarine's weapon s ystems in
hitting th e tar ge t e d object with an a c tiv e homin g torp e do .
Confiden ce fa ctol"s are ba sed on man y separate co nsid e ration s
including the time the object has b een tracked for and the amount
of noise it is makin g. Confidence fa ctors in excess of 100 are
required to guarantee a hit.
No te: if a torpedo is fired at you, it will be targeted automatically to give you the
maximum chance of avoiding it. B y making maximum use of the external views, you
should b e able to anticipate the torpedo 's maneuver s and outsmart it.
(; \ \I E \I \ \ I \ L
Weapon Display
The Weapon Display allows yo u to see what weapons yo u h ave selected and how
man y are r emaining.
The top line of the display shows which weapon bay is selec ted . To change the
selected weapon bay, press IBackspace I.
The second line of the display shows the weapon carried in the selected bay a nd
number of these weapons r emaining. To fire a weapon, press ISpacebar I.
The third line of the display is the weapon status. This can b e one of the following:-
READY - the selected weapon is r ead y to b e launch ed

ARMING - the selected weapon has just b een launch ed and is arming itself
EMPTY - the selected weapon bay is empty
DAMAGED - the weapon systems are damaged
The final line of the W eapon Display is the sonar status . Press ~ to change yo ur
sub 's sonar mode. You ma y choose b etween: -
PASSIVE - passive (listening) sonar on

ACTIVE - active (echo) sonar on
If an enem y torpedo is launched at you ,press [QJ to release a d ecoy, then carry out a
hard turn. This should allow you to escap e unsca thed .
Sonar Cross-Section (SCS) Display

The SCS Display is a bar scale running from left to right which allows you to see the
amount of noise yo u are making. If the display is black , you are completel y silent.
If it is yellow , you are making some noise and you risk en em y d etection . If it is r ed,
you are broadca sting your position to ever yon e in the immediate vicinity. To keep
your noise level down , yo u must run slowly and use active son a r with extreme ca l:e .
Damage Status
The eight bars b elow the SCS Display r epresent the status of your sub 's primary
systems. The bar scale is entirely green if the sys tem is undamaged , yellow if partl y
damaged , r ed if h eavily damaged and black if destroyed. See Damage Status in the
n ext section for full d etails.
( ; \ "E ,,\ \ I \ L
Full Screen Displays

Map Screen
Press OJ to e nter the mission map. This is similar to the Mis sion Map in the
Command Center, but has some additional functions :-
Click on the icon to incr ease the map magnification.
Click on the icon to decrease the map magnification.
Click on th e ~ g icon s to to ggle the auto-cente rin g fun c tion on or off.

Auto-centering keeps your sub at the center of the map display at all times .
Click on the ~ icon to r eturn to your sub 's cockpit.
Damage Status Screen

Your sub is equipped with a complex n etwork of damage assessment and automatic
repair sys tem s. Press ~ to ente r the scr een which contr'ols th ese sys tem s; th e
Damage Status scr een .
The Damage Status screen allows you to assess your current damage status and modify
your sub 's automatic damage r epair systems to r epair important systems first.
In the bottom of the Damage Status screen , there is a list of your sub's primary systems.
These include such items a s Hull Structure, W eapon System s and Sensor Systems.
For each primary system , there is a display consisting of, from left to right: -
the name of the system.
a bar chart which shows the damage status. This is green if the system is fully
operational , yellow if partly damaged , red if h eavily damaged and black if
d estroyed.
a brief description of the r epair state. This may b e:-

OPERATIONAL - the syste m is fully operational
UNDER REPAIR - the system is under repair
MINOR DAMAGE - the system h as suffered minor damage
MAJOR DAMAGE - the system has suffe r ed major damage
DESTROYED - the system is beyond r epair
;w
(; \ "E ,,\ '\ I \ I ,
To select a particular damage system , click on the m or ~ icons.
To make this system the priority system to r ep a ir , click on the

will now be made to this system b efore all othe r s.
m ico n . R e p a ir s
Click on the ~ icon to r eturn to yo ur sub 's cockpit.
Wingman Orders Screen

You will n eed to give order s to your wingmen during missions . Press @] to displa y
the Wingman Orde r s Scr een.
The Wingman Orde r s scr een con sists of a 3-D displa y of the sub(s) on your mission
and their typ e, damage status, order s and formation position .
Click on the m or [E] icon s to select the n ext/previou s sub . The selec ted
sub is highlighted with a pair of yellow brack ets .
Click on the ~ icon to ch a n ge the highlighted sub 's position in the formation.
Click on the ~ icon to change the highlighted sub 's order s .
Click on the ~ icon to r eturn to your sub ' s cockpit.
Object Viewer Screen

Press @] to e nter the Obj ect Viewe r ; a r efer en ce library of 3-D images . Yo u may
wish to consult this libr~ ~to r e view the shapes of enem y vessels b efor e en gaging
the en emy . Click on the l1J or the [E] icon to view the next/previous obj ect.
Click on the ~ icon to r eturn to your sub 's cockpit.
Other Controls
Press [Shift 1~ to a ctivate yo ur submarine's ej ection capsule .
Press [Shift 10 to a ccele rate the passage of tinle .
Press ~ to pause the game .
Press [Shift 1[Q) to eithe r end or abort the current mission a nd re turn to the Control
Center.
Press [Escl to displa y the 'G am e Option s' sc r een , a llowing you to make ga me
configura tion changes mid-mission
Press 0 to a ctivate autopilot.

C; \ 'I E 'I \ '\ I \ L
VIEWS
Cockpit Views
Whe n yo u are in the cockpit , you ma y move your viewpoint to the left , right , up
a nd d own: -
GJ m oves the view to the left

o moves the view to the right
G ['e-center s the view
CJ moves the viewpoint up or d own , allowing you to see more or less of the 3-D world
m o r QJ hides the cockpit completely, displaying full-scr een 3-D
External Views
Flypast Camera View - Press m
a station a r y viewpoint which tracks your sub a s it goes past.
Chase Camera View - Press [ill

a view whi ch follows your sub from just b ehind , allowing you to see all around
it. This view is ver y u seful when maneuvering in a r estricted space .
Weapon Camera View - Press m

a view lookin g o ut of the n ose of the las t weapon you fired.
Tactical View - P ress [ill

tra ck s the currently targeted sonar contact in the back ground with your sub in
the for egr o und a nd is a ver y u seful view in unde rwater d ogfigh ts.
(; \ "E \1 \ \ I \ L
Inverse Tactical View - Press
m
tra ck s your sub in the background with the currently targeted sonar contac t in
th e for eg round and is u se fu l for see ing what th e e n e m y is doing in an
unde rwater dogfight.
Current Contact View - Press [ill

a view through the nose of the cun-entl y targeted sonar contact , allowing you
to see if it is lining up on you . This is a very useful view when you ha ve targeted
a hostile torpedo .
Returning to the Sub Carrier

When yo u want to land back aboard the sub carrie r , yo u must brin g yoU!" sub into
a p osi tion imm e diatel y b elow th e carrie r 's h a n gar . Th e carrie r 's automati c
dockin g syste m will then pilot your sub into its hangar bay. Press [Shift I [Q) to e nd
the mi ssion.
(; \ "E 'I \ \ l \ L
MISSION DEBRIEFING
W h e n yo u hav e compl e ted yo ur mi ssion , yo u will be tak e n to th e mi ss ion
debl"iefing sc teen. The de bri efin g presents a summary of th e mi ssion and you
are paid depending on your miss ion pe rforman ce.
If yo u achieve an outstanding I"es ult in your lnission , you may qualify fOI" an awal"d
from eithel" the mercenary's union 0" the compan y who yo u are cUlTently wodcing fOI".
To get a mel"Cenar y award , it is only neCeSSa l"y to score high points on the miss ion .
To ge l a mOl" e valuable CO rpOl"at e Awa l"d , yo u mu s t carTY o ut the mi ss ion
objectives with ma xi mum damage to the en em y and minimum dama ge to fri endly
fOl"CeS , using the minimum amount of weapons (a nd ther efore money) .
Yo u may l"eview your m e dal s and awards by se lecting Pilot Ro s ter" tn th e

Co mmand Center.
(; \ 'I E 'I \ '\ I \ L
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:1(,
EI)ITC)HI \1 .
UNDERA
CURRENTS Unwelcome
Contents
World News
Intervention
As we predicted last issue , the Indonesian
page 2
government intervened to 'limit ' the underwate r
Improving conflict betwee n Richteur International and
Your Tactics O 'Sullivan pic . Company property suffered extensive
page 5 damage, as is always the case when govenunent
Me,"cenar y pilot ' Tige,"'
forces get involved . The end result is that 0 'SuUivan,
J ohnson describes the
tactics which ha ve lead to which was already experiencing financial
his noto,"iety difficulties,has been forc ed out ofbus iness .
Subs of the World h y can ' t the Let u s n o t for ge t the

page 12
Our annual review describes
the submarines and sub-
sur-face wea pons serving
W gove rnment
for ces k eep
their noses out of our
lessons of the 20th
century; ever y
war in which
a ffair s? Ours are priv ate gove rnment for ces
with the world 's major
conflicts, u s ually
co'"pomte defence units were in volved
involving no collate ral
Underwater Warfare r es ulted in h eavy
damage o r civilian
p age 33 civilian casu alties
c a su alti es. The feeling
Alan Cl"Ockelt tt"aces the and almost total
among th e staff h e r e at
histot"y of th e subma t"ine d estru ction of wha t
U nde r C UlTe nts is tha t
f,"om its ot"igins ove r they wer e m eant to
400 yea r s ago to tod ay's government for ces ge t
sub carriers in volved in corporate b e d efending!
co nflic t s to justify their
One Day If an y gove rnment
exist en ce to the p ublic -
p age 58
makin g u s out t o b e the officials are readin g,
Corpor ate sub pilot
bad gu ys, while their t a ke this a d vice - leave
Roberto Delad ra gives us
an insight into life on an p rop aga nda ma chines corpora te d efen se to
Italia n sub carrie." turn them into h e ro es . the professionals.
CREDITS Desip and Typeeetting: Computer Graphics: Mark Sco"
Editor : KrUtiara Ranuay-J_ Sarah Warbunma Desip and Typesetting of
Aaaoeiate Editor: AlIcia AIIriIIiades Sub moe: Martin Smillie and Game Manual: Sarah Kt!rr
Admin: Julie Punerill Anps FisItlIwrue Art Director: Julie Burne..
All photographs in this m a nua l a re Crown Copyrig h t, ltnperia l Wa r Mu-seum .

Courtesy of the Trustees of the lrnperiaJ Wa r Muse um, London.
\\ OHLI) :\ E\\ ~
Pacific Coastal
Mining Rights:- All Allderson owned 'Tornado 'figh.ter sub
SUB WAR LOOMS

As we went to press, the war of words Hideyoshi is ' way out of
between the Ame r ican Anderson line' in their mining
operations . An armed
Co rporation and J apanese Industrial
conflict seem s inevit-
Giant Hideyoshi was taking a new turn.
able . Ander son and
Almost 20 years a go , the latest mine, the Hideyoshi have sub-
Hideyoshi a gr eed b y Ohka fa cility , is just stantial fighte r sub
treaty not to mine within the 50 mile limit. for ces of their own , but
within 50 miles of the Hideyoshi officials state both have approach ed
US W est Coast. Over that this is due to m er cenary sub fighter
the last year , Hideyoshi ' adver se conditions organiza tions, openl y
has b een establishing when operating far out offering large sums of
mines closer to the W est at sea ', but Ander son money for the hottest
Coast of the USA and officials insist that sub pilots .
ARCTIC CONFLICT
raid s b y DD fighter
subs have claimed
two Nicholson ' Floor
DRAWS CLOSER Crawle r ' prosp ec ting

vehicles . DD is m oving
In early March , D eeping-Drew Inc a cquired the three Ente rprise class
pro sp ecting rights t o the sought-afte r Sector 27 in sub carrier s into the
th e Ar c tic Qua drant P x223 . This pitch ed th em r egion , and it seems that
right n ext to the Nicholson Extraction Corp , this situation will b e
who has b een mining Sect o r 26 for the la st six r esolved with a corpor ate
months. I gnoring warnings issu ed b y DD , Nicholson war ver y soon.
ve hicles h ave fr equently enter ed Sector 27 and
\\(11(1 , 11 \E\\~
New Freelance Sub Fighter

Organization Founded
As the Tokyo Sub Expo '50 opens, so too does a
new Japan - based mercenary sub
fighter organization.
The Sword and Shield r eputable and wealthy

Society has b een set up employer s' . The Societ y 0
to cater for 'elite sub has a stric t rule of
pilots who excel at their presenting member s
craft and wish to work with only the most
for only the most d emanding contrac ts .
BSS DISCOVER New Sub

Carrier
NEW LUDINUM Revealed
90 SEAM T yler Underwater Ship-
yards has r evealed their
Our SOUl'ces inform us F ede ration auditors. n ew sub carrie r
that a fresh seam of " Jimbo" Ramsa y, B SS for 2051 , at the Tokyo
Ludinum 90 has b een Chief Executive , has Sub E xpo ' 50. The
discove r ed by the r efused to comment. craft , known as the
Berge r-Smith-Scott Corp Constella tion cla ss , is
'somewhe t'e in the South capable of carrying a nd
Atlantic ' . This rumour ser vicing 12 fighte r subs
h as sent B SS stoc ks a nd h as more leisure
soaring in marke ts fa cilities than yo ur local
ac r oss the world but has mega complex . It t'etails
ye t to b e confirmed at a cool $282 5 million .
b y Unde r sea Mining An y take r s?
"limbo" R a msay
"()HI , I) l\ E" S
MOD2 STANDARD
LIGHTNING AVAILABLE
The other big news of
the show is the latest
version of the popular
American Lightning class
light-weight fighter sub.
As we know, when
F errara produced the
excellent Mk96 torpedo ,
it would only function
correctly when fired from
the F errara Aquila class
fighter sub. This boosted SubAm has now modified the same price ($38
sales of the Aquila , but the design of the million) as the modI ,
did not h elp most of u s; Lightning's torp tubes, so anyone still operating the
the Lightning was already she can fire the Mk96 modI can have it upgraded
b eing u sed b y over 80% without any problems. The by SubAm to mod2
of freelance fighter s. mod2 Lightning r emains at standard for just $7700.
It is p lanned th a t the
German U-boat Discovery: sub will b e raised and
preserved as a
FURTHER REVELATIONS centrepiece in the lobby

of the Atla ntic Mining
Esp a marine SA h as refused to comment on the latest Corporation h ead-
rumours surrounding the IIO-yea r old German quarter s at Atlantic
U -boat discover ed last month in the Eastern Atlantic T ower , New York. W h a t
quadrant N m 527. W e know that the sub was fleeing to will h a ppen to the
Brazil when it was caught b y a British anti-sub plane p riceless a rtefacts in the
and sunk , but the st o ry does not end ther e . Our sub is yet to b e
sources have discover ed that the U-boat Ca ptain uncove t'ed. Esp am arine
ca rried with him , sto r ed in airtight container s, some d eep r ecover y vehicles
of the fines t works of art owned by Germany . are known to b e moving
Presumably these wer e to b e sold in Brazil. into position right now .
Improving
Your Tactics
So you've just spent your last miUion on BY
the latest in fighter sub technology and Chris 'Tiger' Johnson
you're there - 2000 feet down at 80 knots

with the underwater world displayed in
glorious 3-D aU around you. Your briefed
target approaches; a transport - should be
an easy kiU. You go active, lock a torpedo
on and BOOM; you're hit by a rear
quarter attack you didn't even see coming.
You didn't check your most vulnerable
zone - behind you, in your 'baffles '.
During my I."
5 years as a
Now that I'm retiring
as a mere pilot, it's a
Avoiding Detection
gives you details on
mercenary good time to put down how to achieve this.
pilot, it amazed me on paper the rules that
When it comes to sub
that so few meres I've been following
versus sub fights, there
knew any tactics at since my first under-
are two tactics; attack
all. There were a water engagements.
and defense. You've
handful who could All sub tactics are got to know when to
pull off a few based around stealth. switch between attack
good tricks under You will be more and defense and you
pressure, but I only effective if you manage shouldn't press home a
to keep the element of poorly planned attack;
..
met two pilots who
I thought were surprise. The section you'll end up dead.
really good. of this article on
"lit It 0 \ I \ (; .. 0 I It T \ C TIC S
Attack Tactics
I 'sil/g ,t('lil'(' SOl/ar
Active Sonar sends out a of the submarine's threat environment, you

high-pitched 'ping' noise cockpit, enclosing the . should avoid using active
and listens to the echo. pilot within a 3-D image sonar; it broadcasts your
The data from of the surrounding presence to the enemy
this sound profile is underwater world. and may be used to
projected onto the inside If you are in a high- pinpoint your sub.
'ping'
~ f~sT ~
Passive sonar is simply an underwater microphone, listening out for the sound
of impellers or even the sound of turbulent water around the hull of a moving
submarine.
Passive sonar is less position to the enemy . the time, only 'going
effective than active My personal pref- active' when I am sure
sonar, but does not erence is to stick with that I am safe from
give away your passive sonar 90% of attack .
Attack Tactics
EXfJloilillf.( 1/'(' '/'(""'(lill lIidd('1I EII(,IIIi(' ..;
To set up an ambush, use chance to carry out a Enemies who are hiding
underwater rock or ice follow-up attack. from passive sonar by
for~ations to hide from lying 'dead in the water'
active sonar. Lie still and may be scared into
use your passive sonar to moving by firing a
detect the enemy. Attack It is important to select homing torpedo ' blindly'
while stationary and an appropriate weapon in their general
watch the result of your system and fire at an direction. Avoid 'going
attack - don ' t move optimum time. Don't active' yourself; this will
unless you are fired on; waste torpedoes on almost certainly result in
you ' ll give yourself away short-range shots when the enemy launching a
and you may miss the rockets would be better. torpedo at you.
flit (I II (''' l'(' r; 1If.(
A good firing position If your opponent d etects If you get into a

is one which strikes a you , a close-range maneuvering battle, try
balance between maneuvering battle could to get into your
escaping enemy detec- take place. I have always opponent's'six-o-clock'
tion and being close tried to avoid these, since (immediately b ehind)
enough to minimize they are u sually very and match speed and
the chances of the hard work and any slight maneuvers exactly.
enemy avoiding your mistake will leave you Don' t forget to keep
torpedo. If the enemy dead. One of my your wits about you;
has no towed sonar colleagues described sub another suh could easily
array, then it is always vs . sub dogfights as being move into your 'six'
best to attack from like a 'knife fight in a while you are pursuing
behind. telephone booth'. your target.
"II' H 0' PU; \ 0 I H T \ C TIC ~
Defensive Tactics
Defensive tactics are last resort measures which are carried out to
prevent your sub from being destroyed.
netllruillg Fin' U,'iillg } 'o llr Strellgth ..
Firing a homing torpedo If you are piloting a d eep Every s ub has uniqu e
down the bearing of a sea sub , dive out of the features which you could
running enemy torpedo en em y's range; yo u ca n use to your advantage; it' s
will often find a target. turn around and shoot up to you to exploit them .
Even if it does not, it will him from b elow . If you
delay the enemy sub's are piloting a really fa st
follow-up attack while they fighter, turn around and
attempt to outmaneuver sp eed off in the opposite
your torpedo. direction to the en em y.
Turning very tight in

the water gen erates a
pocket of turbulen ce
which can confuse
the active sonar of
homing torpedoes.
I
I
I This pock et of
I
turbulent water is
known among fighter
sub cr ews as a
' knuckle'.
I"!'HO'I\(; 'Of H T\CTIC~
Defensive Tactics
Defensive tactics are last resort measures which are carried out to
prevent your sub from being destroyed.
lIip:" ."lfJ""t1 I~ l'fl ... il'" Torp edo evasion technique

1Itill" II I'" ,..~ 1. An enemy acti ve homing torpe~ d
has acqujred yo ur sub marine .
It is less th a n fi ve seconds _
After cr eating a
'\ f.om imp act. "" ...... -
' knuckle' or dropping a , ,
, ,
d ecoy or noisema ker, .~ .
you should turn awa y 2. T he to rpedo It'ac ks
from the torpedo. yo ur sub until yo u
relea se a decoy. The
to rped o th en aC{lwres the
decoy and homes onto
th at in stead .
3. You turn awa y from

the tOl'ped o, taking care
t hat it ca nno t r e-acqujre
you if it does not d etonate
when it reaches the
11.'iillp: /)('t'oy ... tllUl decoy.
S"i ... "IIHlJ.,'r...
These should only b e

used a s a las t r esort
coun term easure and are '.",. ~
mos t effec tive if
r elea sed approxima tely
1 to 2 seconds b efore
torpedo impact.
I " PH 0' I \ (; "0 I H T \ C TI C ~
Avoiding Detection
Avoiding detection is more important than any other
consideration. If the enemy sees you before you see them, the
chances are that you will lose the fight.
Thermal layers are the The rmal layer s are layer between you and
boundaries which are displayed on your fighter the enemy , n either sub
set up by ocean sub 's 3-D cockpit display will be able to see each
currents between the as a grid of either r ed or other. This is an excellent
sunlight-heated surface gr een. A r ed grid denotes defensive tactic,
water and the cooler a thet'mallayer from
In ge ne ral , it is b es t to
d eep water. lower to high er
sta y close to the
temperature water , a
When sonar first came the rmalla ye r s a t all
gr een grid is a the rmal
into u se, submarine times and stealthily
layer from higher to
cr ews discovered that if atta c k the en emy b efor e
lower temperature wate r.
they dived deep enough , they get the ch a n ce to
ship-ba sed sonar If you position your s ub r eturn fir e ,
sudde nl y r ea ch ed a point so that the r e is a thermal
where it could not d etect
them at all. The
submarine had
disappear ed from sonar
be neath a the tmal layer.
Because sound tra vels
slower in den se cold
water , the sonar signal
was b eing r eflected back
up to the lowe t' den sity
warm wa ter , Submarines
have been using the ocean's opposite sides of a
thermal layer s to hide Thermal La ye l' are
in visible to each other
from sonar ever since ,
Avoiding Detection
Avoiding detection is more important than any other
consideration. If the enemy sees you before you see them, the
chances are that you will lose the fight.
I.,yi III-f '/)('(1(/ ill

lilt' H (11('1"
Cavitation noise is the cavitation, but will still
sound made by air cavitate when running at
This must only be carried
bubbles forming as a shallow d epths and high
out if the enemy is
result of water boiling at RPM. Old subs are most
uncertain of your exact
the tips of a sub 's su sceptible to cavitation
position. Remaining
propeller/impeller blades . due to their high RPM
motionless reduces your
It can r eveal your 'open' props.
passive sonar emissions
submarine's position to
to zero , forcing the To s uppress your
the enemy even if they are
enemy to 'go active' and cavitation noise yo u
using only passive sonar.
give away their position must eith e r r educe
to you . This allows you to The propulsion units of your sp eed or dive to
lock and launch a modern fighter subs are the highe r press ure
torpedo at them . d esigned to minimize d eep water.
Summary
You don ' t need to remember this:- your
r emember ever y d etail 'six-o-clock' is your most
of the ta ctics outlined vulnerable zone. I killed
above, but a broad more fighter subs by
unde r standing of them shooting them in the
could give you the edge ba ck than any other
which lead s to victory way. If you want to
in battles. survive out the r e, you 've
got to r emember to
Even if yo u gain nothing
'ch eck six '.
else from this article,
Sl BS .)F TIlE \\.)HI,I)
Subs of
heWD
Since our first Sub review of May 2041, we have
established ourselves as the leader in gathering
information on modern sub-surface weapon systems.
- ,
All the entries in this review are both in prolluction
and freely available througho t the world.
Subs which are only availp,ble to go ernmen
large corporations are not included.
Last year aw several nology has not The emphasis these
new systems come advanced signifi- days seems to be on
into service including cantly, however, upgrading and irn-

(
one completely new with only one major proving existing
weapon: the PBRS new type coming equipment rather
(Particle Beam onto the world than developing
Rocket System). market over the completely new
Submarine tech- last two years. submarines .

!'il B!'i OF TilE \\OH!.!)
Enterprise Class
-Sub Carrier-
Z
m
PRICE MAX. DIVING DEPTH
$2 360 million 4500 ft
IN-SERVICE DATE ARMAMENT
2039 10 fightet subs
DISPLACEMENT 20 cruise missiles
60,000 tons (unloaded) 4 torpedo tubes
LENGTH DEFENSE & SENSOR SYSTEMS

742 ft Noisemakers Decoys
PROPULSION
Fusion nuclear powered with
Active and passive sonar
Sidescan sonar Surface radar
m
con ventional screw drive Surface RWR
QV-82 airborne drones
::a
en
MAX. SPEED
Mk96 underwater drones
35 kts
I :~
Sf BS CtF TilE \\CtHI , lt
Tsunami Class
-Sub Carrier-
cc
CC
C
U
LLI
Z PRICE MAX. DIVING DEPTH
$2 170 million 4300 ft
2042 8 fighter subs
DISPLACEMENT 10 cruise missiles
55,000 tons (unloaded) 6 torpedo tubes

Noisemakers Decoys
649 ft
PROPULSION
Sidescan sonar
Fusion Nuclear power ed with
Surface radar Surface RWR
electro-magnetic/due ted impeller
drive QV-82 airborne drones
Mk96 underwater drones
MAX. SPEED
37 kts
Sl BS OF TilE \\OHLD
Tornado Class
-Heavy Fighter Sub-
PRICE MAX. SPEED
$62 million 80 kts
IN-SERVICE DATE MAX. DIVING DEPTH

2050 4600 ft
DISPLACEMENT ARMAMENT
220 ton s 4 torpedo tubes
LENGTH Particle Beam Rocket System
86 ft Mine-laying capability
PROPULSION DEFENSE & SENSOR SYSTEMS

Fusion nuclear powered Noisemakers Decoys
with electromagnetic/ducted Active and passive sonar
impeller drive Sidescan sonar
Z
m
en
I;)
~(B~ OF TilE \\Olt!,!)
en Lightning Class
-Light Fighter Sub-
LLI
Z PRICE
$38 million
MAX. SPEED
100 kts
a: IN-SERVICE DATE
2043
DISPLACEMENT
MAX. DIVING DEPTH
2000 ft
ARMAMENT
ICC 120 tons

LENGTH
2 torpedo tubes
DEFENSE & SENSOR
:E 65 ft
PROPULSION
SYSTEMS
Noisemakers
a:I Fusion nuclear powered with

Decoys
=
electromagnetic/ d ucted
impeller drive Sidescan sonar
en
a:
LLI
I-
:c
c.::s
~l B~ OF TIlE \\OHLJ)
Typhoon Class
-Heavy Fighter Sub-
."
PRICE MAX. SPEED

$45 million 85 kts
2048 4200 ft
210 tons 4 torpedo tubes
LENGTH Mine-laying capability
92 ft
PROPULSION
DEFENSE & SENSOR SYSTEMS
Noisemakers Z
Fusion nuclear power ed Decoys
m
en
with electromagnetic/ducted Active and pa ssive sonar
impeller dl'ive Sidescan sonar
~I B~ OF TilE \\OJ(I,U
en Hurricane Class
-Light Fighter Sub-
LLI
Z
PRICE MAX. SPEED

$36 million 90 kts
2044 1800 ft
140 tons 3 torpedo tubes
LENGTH DEFENSE & SENSOR
SYSTEMS
69 ft
Noisemaker s
PROPULSION
Decoys
Fusion nuclea r powered
Active and passive so nar
with electromagne tic/ducted
impelle r drive Sidesca n sonar
Sl BS C)F TilE "C)HI , I)
Trieste Class
-Ultra-Deep Sub-
PRICE MAX. SPEED
$230 million 30 kts
2042
DISPLACEMENT
1 ,400 tons
12500 ft
ARMAMENT
2 torpedo tubes
--
SYSTEMS
251 ft
Noisemakers
PROPULSION
Decoys
Gas turbine/electric powered
with ducted impeller drive
Sidescan sonar
Sl BS OF TilE \\OHLI)
Whirlwind Class
-Ultra-Deep Sub-
PRICE MAX. SPEED
$198 million 20 kts
2039 11000 ft
1,200 tons 4 torpedo tubes
287 ft Noisemakers
PROPULSION Decoys
with conventional scr ew drive Sidescan sonar
--
~(B~ CF TIlE \\CHI , I
Pow ers Class

-Reconnaissance Sub-
--
PRICE MAX. SPEED

$31 million 40 kts
2047 5500 ft
400 tons None
160 ft
PROPULSION
Noisemakers
Decoys z
Gas turbine/electric power ed
Sidescan sonar m
en
with duc ted impeller drive
Surface radar
Surface RWR
21
~I B~ OF TilE \\OH!.!)
Thunderbolt Class
-Reconnaissance Sub-
PRICE MAX. DIVING DEPTH

$29 million 5200 ft
2045 None
-- DISPLACEMENT
330 ton s
LENGTH
DEFENSE & SENSOR
SYSTEMS
Noisemakers
Decoys
147 ft
Sidescan sonar
PROPULSION Active and passive sonar
Gas turbine/electric powe red Surface radar
with ducted impeller drive Surface RWR
cn= MAX. SPEED
40kts
Mk96 underwate r drones
~I B~ OF TilE \\OHLI)
Endurance Class
-Refueller Sub-
PRICE MAX. SPEED
$285 million 25 kts

2040 1500 ft
DISPLACEMENT ARMAMENT --
12 ,000 ton s None
SYSTEMS
566 ft
Active and pa ssive sonar
PROPULSION
with conventional scr ew drive
~I B~ OF TilE \\OHL!)
en Type 17
-Refueller Sub-
LI.I
Z PRICE
$341 million
MAX. SPEED
28 kts
a:: IN-SERVICE DATE

2043
MAX. DIVING DEPTH
1200 ft
c DISPLACEMENT
10,000 tons
ARMAMENT
None
:is
SYSTEMS
510 ft
m
Active and pa ssive sonar
PROPULSION
Gas turbine/elec tric power ed
=
with conventional scr ew drive
en
--
:! I
Sf BS OF TilE \\OH!,!)
Fury Class
-Troop Carrier Sub-
--
P RICE MAX. SP EED

$27 million 25 kts
2046 4500 ft
150 ton s 30 troops

SYSTEMS
101 ft
Active and passive sonar Z
PROPULSION
Gas turbine/electric power ed m
with conventional screw drive
en
_.J .l
-
~l B~ OF TilE "OHLH
Jumbo Class
-Transport Sub-
PRICE MAX. SPEED

$3 14 million 20 kts
-- 2037
DISPLACEMENT
32,000 tons
3000 ft
ARMAMENT
None
SYSTEMS
652 ft
PROPULSION
Gas turbine/electric power ed
with con ventional scr ew drive
Sl BS OF TilE \\Olttl)
Type 25 cc:n
-Transport Sub- -a-a
m
PRICE
$331 million
MAX. SPEED
26 kt
:::am
:a:- n
....
2044
DISPLACEMENT
38,000 tons
2800 ft
ARMAMENT
None
--
SYSTEMS
705 ft
PROPULSION
with conventional screw drive
:z
m
en
.,- -,
~l B~ OF TilE \\OHLU
Revenge Class
-Heavy Missile Sub-
PRICE MAX. SPEED
$1549 million 40 kts
2038 3500 ft
15 ,000 tons 6 torpedo tubes
LENGTH 24 ballistic missiles
574 ft DEFENSE & SENSOR SYSTEMS
PROPULSION Noisemakers
Fusion nuclear powered with Decoys
ducted impeller drive Active and passive sonar
Sidescan sonar
-.... -I
en
-en
-
~I B~ C_F TilE \\C_HI , I_
Tempest Class
-Heavy Missile Sub-
en-
- ....
en
r-
mn
-
en
c
m
PRICE
$1384 million
IN-SERVICE DATE
MAX. SPEED
35 kts
MAX. DIVING DEPTH s:
2034
DISPLACEMENT
18 ,000 ton s
LENGTH
3300 ft
ARMAMENT
4 torpedo tubes
28 ballistic missiles
::a
610 ft
PROPULSION
DEFENSE & SENSOR SYSTEMS
Noisemaker s z
Fu sion nuclear power ed with Decoys
m
ducted impeller drive Acti ve and pa ssive sonar
Sidescan sonar
en
~l B~ OF TilE \\OHLU _
w e a p o n UIM-194 Sur/ace-
to-Air Missile
sy s t e ms H elij ets and heli coptel-s

equipped with dipping
sonar can pre ent a
Mk96 Torpedo hostile tOl-p edoes, but signifi cant threa t to
ma y b e used to inflict s ubmarines_
The Mk96 is the most
minor damage on subs _
wid ely used torpedo in The UIM-194 allows an
the world and is capable underwater sub to
of h-avelling in excess of Mk97 Cluster- d es troy an y ail-borne
100 kts _ The sta ndard Rocket Torpedo threat.
Mk96 is fitted with an
The Mk97 is a standard
active sonar seeker h ead
torpedo with an armor- Particle Beam
but ma y b e modified to
piercing warhead which Rocket System
accept passive sonal- or
contains multiple short (PBRS)
thermal homing h eads_
range l"Ockets _ This
Th e PBRS s hort range
allows it to destro y even
M704 Rocket the thick est skinned
c harged particle
submal"ines_ pul se/rock e t we apon

The M704 rocket is more
wa s d e velop e d t o allow
effective than a torpedo
s ubmarin es to s trik e
at s hort range because, UGM-167 Cruise
und e rwate r tal-ge ts
even though it is
Missile with the a cc u ra cy and
unguided , it is very fa st.
The UGM-167 has been in fir e power of airborn e
The M704 ma y b e fired
use for over 10 years and we apon s_
f,-om standard diameter
torpedo tubes_ is still the world's It function s by
principal long-range tr a n s mittin g an
Mk90 Anti-Torpedo surface attack missile _It is ex tremely hi gh e n e rgy
launched from a pul se whic h vaporizes
Torpedo
submarine, surfaces, then a cy linder of wate r t o
The Mk90 is a small deploys wings and cruises th e targe t. An armor-
wal-head torpedo which at high speed and low level pi e r c in g ro c k e t is th e n
is very fast and to the target. It is suitable in s t an tan eo u s l y fir e d
mane uverable_ It is fOl- use against any ship or a t Ma ch 2 thl"Ou gh
op timised to d estt-o y land-based installation_ th is tub e_
:~ u
Sl BS 4.'" TilE \\4.HI , I.
Sensor Satellite Imaging landing aircraft u sed for
Infra-red data on ocean r econnaissance .
Systems currents, salinity , etc.

gather ed b y satellites can
sometimes detect sub-
Mk96 Undenvater
Drone
Active Sonar marines at shallow depths. The underwate r drone
ve r sion of the ubiquito us
Active sonar is a sound
Magnetic Anomaly Mk96 torpedo is
transmission and analysis
device which uses sound
Detector (MAD) equipped with multiple
MAD d evices are u sed to r econnaissance sen sors

ech oes to visualise the
locate old er steel-hulled in place of the warhead .
underwa ter world.
vessels b y de tecting the
Passive Sonar effect they have on the
Passive sonar is a sound earth 's magn etic field .
analysis d evice which is
used to track under-
Surface Radar Defense
wate r obj ects from their
noise signature.
Radar is a radio wave
transmission and
Systems
analysis d evice . It may
Side-Scan Active b e u sed to d etect Noisemaker
Sonar airborne en emies when
The n oisemaker is a
you are submer ged at
Side-scan ac tive sonar is small bubble-gen erating
p eriscope depth.
short-ranged active d evice which can
sonar which enables a tempo rarily blind a
Swface Radnr Warning
submarine to sen se hostile active sonar
n earb y subsea terrain.
Receiver (RWR) homing torpedo.
A RWR is a radar
Periscope Decoy
analysis device . It may
Fibre-optic video peri- b e u sed to d etect en emy Decoys are larger than
scopes have replaced radar emission s when noi semaker s, but a r e
yo u are subme rged at more effective since they
optical periscopes in all
but the oldest submarines. p e riscope d epth. actually imitate the
sonar r eflection of your
The risk of detection b y
en emy surface radar is
QV-82 Airborne Drone sub , attrac ting en em y
The QV -82 is a pilotless active son a r h oming
gr eatly reduced with the
vertical take - off/ torped oes.
fibt'e-optic p eriscope.
;~ I
~l B~ OF TilE \\nHLI)
Surface VHF Radio

Ve r y High Frequen cy
Communication
radio : u sed for long-
range communication Systems
when the sub is Blue-Green Laser Acoustic Phone
surfaced .
Satellites ma y u se this to Thi s h as b een in u se for
r elay messages if the over a century . It
ELF Radio
submarine's position is operates b y trans-
E xtrem ely Low Freq- known. Subs operating mitting audible sounds
u en cy radio : u sed to together underwater at clo se range, but is
r eceive long-range can also use this at seldom u sed toda y due
transmissions when the close range to inter - to the risk of en emy
sub is submer ged. communicate . d etec tion.

TOKUDA KABUSHIKI
KAISHA PRESENT
Over 55,000 acres more facilities
of floating than any other
exhibition space, exhibition.
filled with the
Easy access to
latest submarine
Tokyo
and seafloor craft.
ai rlspaceport.
Over 10,000 Tokyo hotels only
exhibitors with 5 minutes by
more vessels and magrail.
Exhibition open 24 hrs until June 1st, fighter sub demonstration

day in Tokyo Harbour on May 25th.
See the world's most powerful vessels under one roof!

I 'I)EH\\ \TEH \\ \HF\HE .
The Pioneers trying to sink British

ships, but was eventually
destroyed.
The first underwater vessels were open-
ended barrels lowered from ships by a Another American ,
rope, these became known as 'diving bells '. Robert Fulton, designed a
submarine in 1800 for
T he principle of the
diving bell is simple:
an empty cup forced into a
Twelve oars protruded
through watertight holes
in the leather , and twelve
Napoleon. This vessel was
the first submarine to
carry the name Nautilus.
bowl of water upside down oarsmen sat inside to
It had many of the
will not fill, air is trapped pl'Ovide propulsive power.
features found on
inside the cup. The diving But no matter how hard
modern submarines
bell was basically a huge the oarsmen rowed ,
including water ballast
cupful of air which could Drebbel's submarine
tanks (used to dive and
be breathed for a limited could not dive and only
surface) and a conning
period of time by an managed to plunge down
tower (for the captain
underwater explorer. As to about fifteen feet.
to navigate the sub when
eady as 320 BC,
One and a half centuries on the surface). It
Alexander the Great
later , David Bushness in generated considerahle
descended into the sea in a
the USA designed a interest among the French
diving bell to observe
submarine for attacking military, especially when
underwater life. The
British ships. This tiny Fulton sank an old French
diving bell is not a true
craft, named Turtle, had schooner as a demon-
submarine, however ,
two man-powered stration . Napoleon 's
because it can only travel
propellers, one for going admirals were not
up and down , like an
forwards or backwards impressed however ; they
elevator.
and one for ascending or felt that the submarine
The first submarine was descending. On was an ungentlemanly
an tmderwater boat built September 6th 1776, weapon and persuaded
in 1620 for the English Turtle came very close to Napoleon to stick to using
King James I by sinking the British man- surface warships. One of
Dutchman Cornelius van of-war Eagle, but failed to Napoleon's officer's wrote
Drebbel. The submarine attach an explosive device ' This type of warfare
was made from grease- due to the tough , metal- carries with it an
oaked leather stretched sheathed hull of the Eagle. objection: those who
onto a wooden frame. The Turtle continued tmdertake it, and also
(\I)EI(\\ \TEI( \\ \I(F\I(E _
those against whom it is brand n ew Federal steam system , Gymnote was

launched , will all perish. sloop USS Housatonic armed with the latest in
And this cannot be called was attacked. The weapon sub weapon technology;
a gallant death. ' used by the Hunley was a the torpedo. Designed by
Fulton approached the nose spar filled with 90 Robert Whitehead in
British and American pounds of explosives. This 1868, the torpedo carried
govelnments, but interest was jabbed into the side of an explosive warhead on a
was limited due to the the Housatonic, a huge steady course at a
per ception of the explosion followed and the predetermined depth ,
submarine as an enemy ship immediately making it deadly when
' underhand' weapon. He started sinking. used against surface ships.
went on to design the first Unfortunately the Hunley
In 1904, the Fren ch
commercially successful and her crew were
launched the Aigrette
paddle steamer, but never dragged down with the
which was the first sub to
forgot his submarines. He sinking Housatonic.
b e powered by a
spent all of his paddle In 1888, the first r evolutionary new engine
stearnel pl"Ofits on building submersible torpedo boat, designed in German y by
an 80 foot armored Gymnote was launched in Rudolf Diesel. The Diesel
submarine called Mute, France. This vessel was engine burned oil without
but died before she could powered by a combination a spark , which meant
be launched. of a p etrol engine when on that it did not give off the
During the American Civil the surface and batteries poisonous vapors of the
War , the Confederate when underwater. The p etrol engine and was far
forces built an French soon found that more efficient. However
experimental submarine; the petrol engine was not the early Diesel engines
the CSS Hunley. This ideal for submarine wer e unreliable, and the
little man-powered sub operations because it gave French continued to use
was capable of true off poisonous vapors and the steam engine in most
underwater travel, but was inefficient in of their early submarines.
drowned several cr ews in operation. In contrast, the As the Diesel engine was
training including Captain batteries were ideal for improved it did gradually
H.L. Hunley himself. submarine use; allowing appear in service and
Finally, the Confederate the submarine to run was eventually used to
forces decided to take the underwater for extended power German sub-
Hunley into action and on periods of time. As well as marines in 1912 .
February 17th 1864, the an advanced propulsion
I \BEH\\ \TEH \\ \HF\HE
World War I submarine was truly a

force to b e r eckoned
with. From now on , all
At the outbreak of World War I , the cruiser s were forced to
operate with a destroyer
submarine was still very much in its infancy.
escort to detect and deter
T he types of submarine
operated by differ ent
countries varied widely
should b e noted that
submarines are known to
sailors as ' boats' and
U-boats. Allied ships
were soon fitted with
' bulges ' : light casings
and more than half of all n ever as 'ships'. filled with air and wa ter
the submarines in the compartments to ab sorb
The first su ccess for the
world were still the the impact of torpedoes.
U-boat came with the
inefficient, dangerous
sinking of a British U-boats started to make
petrol-engined variety.
cruiser on September 5 , their presen ce felt b y
Without a doubt , the 1914. Shortly after this, targeting Britain 's food
most formidable on September 22, a single supply. The British
submarines of World U-boat sank three fishing fleet was attacked
Wal I wer e the German
o
armored cruiser s in less in the North Sea, but it
Unterseeboote (undersea than a quarter of an was in the Atlantic that
boats), known to the hour. These events the U-boats did most
Allies as 'U-boa ts ' . It proved that the damage. The convoys
carrying supplies from
America to Britain soon
started to suffer heavy
losses . One of the most
tragic events of World
War I was the sinking of
the British passen ger
liner Lusitania by a
U-boat , resulting in the
loss of 1,198 passengers
and crew.
British submarines did

not have as many targets
as the U-boats, but still
The crew of a World War 1 Royal Navy submarine preparing to dive. managed to inflict heavy
I '\ I) E H \\ \ T E H \\ \ H F \ H E
losses. Patrols in the lack of proper Instead of concentrating

North Sea sank German ventilation led to a build- on improving existing
fishing vessels and V-boats up of condensation which V-boats, Germany was
wer e tracked down by not only made food working on several n ew
British hunter-killer mouldy and b edding wet designs at once; from
subs. During one raid in but also caused electrical huge 'V-cruiser s' to
the Mediterranean , the system faults . The early small , quick-build ' UB-
ten year old British diesel engines wer e dirty boa ts ' . Although this
submarine B-ll and unreliable and led to technologically
pen etrated five rows of engine room cr ews would advanced subs, it also
mines and sank the soon b e cover ed in grime meant that less boats
Turkish battleship when working. The low could be produced. The
Messoudieh . power output from the German navy was denied
batteries used in these submarines when they
In 1916, Allied destroyers
subs meant that their most needed them. As the
wer e fitted with the
underwater endurance Allied armies advanced
' hydrophone', a device
was limited and they through Europe, the
for finding the position of
sp ent most of their time V-boats lost their bases
a V-boat from the noise
r unning under diesel on the Fren ch coast
made b y its propellers.
power , on the surface . and their effectiveness
This device is still in use
toda y, as ' passive sonar' .
At the same time as
dropped dramatically.

receiving the hydrophone,
Allied d estroyer s wer e
issued with the first
d epth charges . A d epth
charge is basically a
drum of explosive fitted
with a h ydrostatic valve
to d etonate it at a pre-
set d epth.
The conditions for the

crews of World War I
submarines wer e
primitive when compared
to the surface ships. The A German Na vy 'U-139' class U-Cruiser running unde r diesel
p ower O ft the surJa ce.
I 'I)EH\\ \TEH \\ \HF\HE
When German y surr-

endered in 1918 , U-boats
had sunk more than
5,000 Allied ships.
Although 199 U-boats
had been lost , the
Gel'man Navy still had
138 left. Even in these
pioneet'ing days of
inefficient powel' sources
and cramped conditions,
the submarine had
pl"Oved to b e a
formidable huntel".
'U-35', an ea rly T yp e VlI U-Boat , ntnlling on the surface.
'P' cla ss faster and more

Post-World War I maneuverable than
other comparable
By the end of World War I, the submarine submarines . An air
had acquired a bad reputation among the conditioning sys tem took
general public. ca r e of the condensation
problem s which plagued
he sinking of b eing for ced to limit its ea rlier submarines and a
T mer chant shipping
was seen as morally wrong
armed for ces to
t'elatively low levels .
Torpedo Data Computet
(TDC) made torpedoes
and popular sentiment German submarine much more accurate.
was for banning research continued ,
In 1937 , Germany
submarines altogether. however.
launched a very
In 1922 , America , In 1935, th e US powerful submarine; the
Britain and Japan launched the first of an type VII U-boat. The
signed the London Naval advanced n ew type of type VII had a
Treaty agreeing not to submarine, the ' P ' class. submerged displacement
p erform unrestricted This boat had a of 871 tons, a maximum
submarine warfare on lightweight diesel engine speed of 17 kts surfaced
mer chant ships. In the and a high-performance and 8 kts submer ged
mea ntime , Germany wa s batte r y. This made the and wa s armed with
. :~ a
l \I)EH\\ \TEH \\ \HF\HE
14 torpedoes. The cr ew Sonar was deemed useful models suffered b y

of 44 could sta y at sea enough to be fitted to being short-ranged and
for 20 da ys , allowing the destroye r s, but early easily confused .
typ e VII to operate d eep
into the Atlantic from
bases in France .
One of the main

advances in post-World
War I naval technology
was SONAR (SO und
Navigation And
Ranging). This was a
device which used sound
to find the position of
submarines, tt'an smitting
a loud 'ping' and
listening for the echo . A Ge rm.an. Navy T ype VII V -Boat in drydock.
allow the submarine to

World War II dive below the cold water
layer. Cold water , being
By 1939, submarines were starting to evolve denser , reflected the
into very sophisticated fighting machines. probing sonar waves of
enemy sub hunter s.
M st World War II
ubmarines had a
diesel engine for use on
when submerged at
maximum speed . Because
of the inefficiency of
Early in the war, torpedoes
were powered by a steam
the surface, with an early batteries, all
turbine. Unfortunately, the
electric motor for use World War II subs had
fuel burnt to produce this
while submerged. a higher maximum speed
steam left a trail of
when surfaced than
The batteries which bubbles in the wake of the
when submerged . torpedo, 'pointing' back to
powered the electric motor
wer e charged from the The maximum diving the firing submarine. Later
diesel engine while the sub d epth of most in the war, electric
was on the surface. The World War II subs was torpedoes like the American
batteries allowed the sub around 400 feet. In most Mk18 of 1944 put an end
to travel for about an hour conditions this would to this problem.
t ")EI(" \TEI(" \I(F\I(E
The War in G erma[)y picked up

where it had left off
in 1918. The Atlantic was
soon littered with the
the Atlantic wreckage of Allied

merchant ships, and the
Allies started desperately
searching for ways to
At the beginning of World War II the counter the ever present
Germans had 56 submarines to Britain ~ German threat. Destroyer
escorts offered some
57. But while the German V-boats had protection to the cruisers,
thousands of freighters as targets, the but the first year of the
Atlantic war belonged to
British submarines could not attack the U-boat. Sonar was
German food supplies which arrived used on Allied destroyers,
but was not very effective
by rail, not sea. due to its limited range.
The T ype IX U- Boat 'U-383 , takenjrom an a ttack ing RAF 'S underla nd' flyillg boat .
I :\ I) E It \\ \ T E It \\ \ It F \ It E
V-boatcorrunanders The introduction of radar destroyers were not as

perfected the tactic of onto Allied destroyers in easy to hit as the
operating several late 1940 was the first merchant ships, so
submarines together , in real step toward defeating Allied shipping losses
groups known as ' wolf the V-boats, allowing the inunediately started
packs' . These generally Allies to catch them on to decline.
operated at night and by the surface. When the During World War II,
sharing information on V-boats dived to escape, British submarines
the position of Allied ships the short-ranged Allied joined forces with
the V-boats could engage sonar could pinpoint the refugee submarines from
many merchantmen as V-boat and an effective all over Europe and
they passed by. As many depth charge attack could ventured as far as
as twenty V-boats could be carried out. Iceland and Norway in
b e in a single 'wolf pack' . To counter the Allied search of V-boats.
Learning from their sonar , V-boats sometimes Norwegian freighter s
earlier mistakes, the used Pillenwerfer , (pill carrying iron ore for
Germans concentrated thrower) which consisted Germany were raided by
resources on building of a perforated canister Allied subs but German
one class of V-boat, the containing a chemical dive bombers and mines
type VII. These subs saw rrrixture . WhenPillen- hampered operations in
extensive service initially werfer was released, it these waters.
in coastal waters , but a s would react with the The most successful raids
the pressure from Allied water and generate a by British subs were in
coastal escorts and air huge cloud of fine the Mediterranean Sea.
patrols increased they bubbles to confuse German and Italian ships
were forced to search for Allied sonar. bound for Mrica were at
targets further into the By 1941, the most sea for just one or two
Atlantic . Shore-based experienced V-boat crews days, and would travel in
anti-sub aircraft from had been killed and the small convoys at high
both Britain and the V-boats were ordered to speed. Even with these
VSA could not reach the change tactics . They were odds stacked against
mid-Atlantic and this told to hit the destroyers them , British submarines
region soon became first , and pick off accounted for 450/0 of all
known among Allied the merchant shipping German ships lost in the
merchant crews as ' The when this threat had Mediterranean.
Black Gap'. been eliminated. The
I \I)EI(\\ \TEI( \\ \I(I-'\I(E
the ability to d etect the

periscope of a U-boat
from a gr ea t distance.
Within a couple of years,
Allied anti-sub aircraft
were u sing radar to
d etect U-boats and were
even Cal'fying out attacks
at night.
The U-boats tarted using
a new weapon in 1943 ; the
A Hoyal Navy'/" Class submarine. Fifty three of these submarines fonned acoustic homing torpedo.
I.he backbone of the Hoyal Navy submarine.fleet during World War II. This weapon accounted
Throughout the war, Meanwhile in the for several Allied ships,
midget submarines wel'e Atlantic, the shipyards of lmtil the Allies l'ealised
used extensively b y the Britain , Canada and the what was happening and
British, Italians and USA were producing ships bought ' Kangol' petrol-
Germans. "Midgets" were faster than the U-boats driven hammel'S and
used to raid coastal could sink them. The fitted them to floats,
shipping, and a notable introduction of the towing them behind theil'
success was the damaging centimetric wave l'adal' ships. The strongel'
of the buge Gel'man on Allied COI'vettes in acoustic signal from the
battleship Tirpitz at ABen May 1941 gave the Allies hammer attracted the
Fjord in Norway by the
British midget subs. A
typical midget sub was the
15 ton Gemlan Seehund
class with 2 torpedoes, 2
CI'ew, a maximwn speed of
6 kts and a range of just
500 miles. In January
1945, several of these
midget subs wer e operating
vel'y close to the British
shore, just off Margate and
in the Thames Estuary.
Genna" Navy 'Seehull.d' midget subs (t their base ill. occupied Europe.
I :!
(\I)EH\\ \TEH \\ \HF\HE
torpedo and it detonated at periscope d epth. The lessons learned from

harmlessly , far away from Schnorkel was basically early V-boats. The
its intended target. a pipe, similar to the improvements included a
The Allies were still 'Snorkel' used by divers, streamlined hull,
having problems with but with the addition of improved battery power
their sonar systems. They a valve to close off the output, a Schnorkel and
were fmding that a slight pipe when it went under a rapid-reloading system
disturbance in the sea the water. for the torpedoes.
would dl'amatically Towald the end of the V2511 , the first type XXI
reduce the effectiveness of war, V-boats we I'e fitted V-boat, was launched in
their sonar. This meant with the formidable 1945, one week before the
that, due to the waves to Schnee-Orgel10-tube German surrender . It went
the side and r ear of a torpedo launcher , which on to evade several sub
d estroyer, sonar was only sent a heavy batter y of hunting vessels and made
effective when the torpedoes at the target. an undetected dununy
d estroyer was facing a This was highly effective attack on a British cruiser
V-boat. The Allies when it was used , but the before surrendering. The
decided to put sonar onto system did not come into history books wer e closed
buoys, floating still in the widespread use before the for the V-boat, but the
water, in 1944. This end of the war . type XXI heavily
device would radio the The ultimate V-boat was influenced the design of all
position of submer ged the type XXI, which future submarines.
vessels back to Allied implemented all the
destroyers or anti-sub
aircraft. Depth charges
could then be placed with
deadly accuracy. The
sonar buoy came to be
known as the 'sonobuoy '
and is still in use today .
In 1944, Allied radar
forced V- boats to start
using a device called a
Schnorkel. This allowed
them to run their diesel
engines while submerged The Type (XC V-Boat 'V505' being boarded by a party from the VSS
Guada.lcall.(/.l. This subm.a rine is now all. pll.blic display in Ch.icago.
I '\I)EH\\ \TEH \\ \HF\HE
The Pacific War Japanese battle fleets,

reporting their movements
to other US forces .
The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, Hawaii When US submarines
on December 7, 1941 marned the oulbreak of attacked a Japanese
the war in the Pacific. The submarine was to be convoy, they would target
the larger cargo vessels
one of the most important weapons of this war.
first and dive to escap e the
inevitable depth charges
I t was involved right at

the start when the
practical vessel because it
was slow to dive and
clumsy to handle.
which followed . This was
the same tactic as that
J apanese sent five midget
used by the U-b oats
submarines to P earl While Japanese
during the first years of
Harbor , to attack any submarines did manage to
the Atlantic war. It was
survivors of the air raid. sink a number of US
ver y effective against the
Even though they carrier s they wer e not
J ap an ese supply lines.
managed to p enetrate used as effectively as the
some harbor defen ses, all German submarines in the In 1941 the first Gato class
five midgets wer e Atlantic . The Japanese submarine was launched .
destroyed and no more tended to use their subs The Gato class was the
US ships wer e attacked. defen sively, keeping them b asis for all other US fleet
close to surface vessels subs built during World
The Japanese had more
and never fully exploiting War II. This meant that
than just midget subs,
their offen sive potential. American ship yards wer e
however . The main
able to concentrate on
Japanese submarines wer e The Americans wer e
refining this design
known to the Allies as learning from the Atlantic
throughout the Wal". The
' I-boats', and their design war, and US Navy
Gato class subs wer e 50%
was h eavily influenced b y submarines in the Pacific
biggel" than their Bdtish
the German U-cruiser s of borrowed German tactics.
equivalent, the ' T ' class,
World War I. The US subs experimented
because the US submarines
Japanese even built a with 'wolf pack s' and
h ad to b e lar ger for long
submarine which eventually settled on using
Pacific patrols.
displaced 5000 tons and three boat 'wolf pack s' . As
could operate 3 seaplanes well as simply attacking The Gato class had a
from its deck. H eavily ships, American subs also submer ged displacement
armored , it was not a shadowed the main of 2415 tons, a maximum
I \I)EH\\ \TEH \\ \HF\HE
The Japanese I-Boat '1-17' during its launching ceremony at Yokosuka on the 19th July 1939.
speed of 20 kts surfaced fitted to US submarines had developed the steam

and 10 kts submerged and had a maximum range of powered Mk14 torpedo
was armed with 24 just over 9 miles, allowing with a magnetic proximity
torpedoes. The crew of 80 it to be used well beyond detonator, designed to
could stay at sea for 60 visual range during day or explode beneath a ship
days before the Gato night. The Japanese and break its keel. In
needed to be refuelled. forces did not install service, however, the
radar until July 1944, but Mk14 was found to be
November 1942 saw the
by then it was too late. highly unreliable.
introduction of surface
radar into US Navy The Pacific war was not Eventually, in 1943, it was
submarines. Radar without problems for found that torpedoes
supplemented the existing American submarines. which were striking the
sonar and visual sighting The main problem was not sides of enemy vessels at
techniques, allowing a sub with their excellent Gato angles were detonating,
to track enemy shipping class subs, but with their while those hitting
from afar. The first radar torpedoes . The US Navy 'straight on' were not.
I ;)
I 'I)EI(\\ \TEI( \\ \I(F\HE
The US Navy investigated midget subs into Kaiten would change course.
and found a design flaw one man suicide subs . After 3 hours of high
with the contact exploder , This machine was not speed pursuit she did.
which was actually being success ful against US Archerfish cut in ahead
damaged when the shipping because it of Shinano , dived and
torpedo hit the target lacked long-range fired 6 torpedoes. Ever y
vessel, preventing the detection gear and had a torpedo struck home but
torpedo from detonating. ver y low performance. the huge Shinano still
Once this design fault had The d esign of the Kaiten took seven hours to sink .
been corrected , the Mk14 could not be improved Shinano was both the
was found to be highly for the simple r eason largest warship ever sunk
effective . T he Mk14 was tha t its cr ew could not b y a submarine and the
used throughout the r est r eturn to say what h ad youngest ; downed before
of the war and was even gone wrong. a single aircraft had
used b y many sub flown from her d eck .
Toward the end of 1944,
captains in preference to
the U SS Archerfish was P er sistent attacks b y US
the electric (but slower )
on patrol just off Tokyo submarines, minelaying
Mk18 of 1944.
Bay. For 29 days she aircraft and fast carrier
In 1944 , the US Navy in found nothing, then one attack forces eventually
the Pacific was order ed to night in Novemher an wiped ou t the J apanese
destroy Japan 's war- enormous r adar contact na val air arm . Once
making capability. Now , appea r ed on her scr eens. Japanese fightel' cover
when US submarines Ar cherfish ga ve ch ase. had b een eliminated , US
sighted a convoy they T he r adar contact turned bomber s could attack the
ta r geted the destroyer's out to be the last hope of remnants of the Japanese
first. As well as cargo the Japanese Fleet Ail' fleet , but even with its
vessels, US Na vy subs Arm , the 59 ,000 ton armed for ces in tattel'S,
began to sink some of the super carrier Shinan o. the Japanese kept on
most powerful ships in She had j ust been figh ting. The nuclea r
the Japanese Navy , launched and was on her bombs unleashed on
including the 30 ,000 ton way to be fitted with Hiroshima and Nagasaki
a ircraft carriel' Shokaku, catapults and planes. on 6th and 9th of August
in June 1944. Ar ched"ish was moving 1945 malked the end of
Desp erate a t the failure much slower than the World War II and the
of their submarines, the Japanese carrier , but hel' beginning of a new era .
J ap a nese modified their Captain hoped Shinano
I :\ I) E It \\ \ T E It \\ \ It F \ It E
THE FIRST POST-WAR

SUBMARINES
During the post-war In 1948 the US initiated The post-war movement
years, Germany and the Greater Underwater towards streamlined hulls

Propulsive Power (GUPPY) started to make
Japan were prevented
program. This updated submarines capable of
from producing current US Navy sub- higher sp eed s when
military hardware. marines with the latest submerged than when
This left the USA, developments from such surfaced. All that was
vessels as the type XXI needed now was a power
France, Britain and
U-boat. The GUPPY source which could b e
the USSR as the only
modifications kept the used underwater for
nations developing diesels of the 40's in ser- extended periods of time.
new submarines. vice for the next 30 years.

I '\I)E((\\ \TEH \\ \(('\HE
The End of the Cold War

The 1980 ~ saw the last period of accelerated development of the nuclear
submarine, which slowed down when the Cold War came to an end in 1990.
In 1981 the U S launched

the 560 foot USS Ohio.
Carrying 24 Trident
ballistic missiles, each
with 12 150 kiloton
nuclear warheads, Ohio
class subs wer e over
3 times as powerful as
their predecessors, the
Benjamin Franklin class.
Ohio class subs had a
submerged displacement
of 18,750 tons and a
maximum speed of 20 kts The Royal Navy nuclear powered attack sub HMS 'Collquer.or', accompanied by
thefrigate HMS ~rgonaut'. The 'Conqueror' became thefirst lIuclear sub to sink
on the surface and 30 kts an enemy vessel in action when it sallk the Argelltine 'General Belgrano' in 1982.
submerged . It was armed
with 24 Trident ballistic standards. Tipping the granted today . As well as
nuclear missiles and scales at 26,500 tons and the heaviest submarine of
4 torpedo tubes. Ohio carrying 20 multiple the 20th century, the
had an endurance of nuclear warhead ballistic Russians also built the
9 years, but the 155 cr ew missiles , the Typhoon fastest; the Alfa class.
generally stayed at sea class was talked about in With a titanium alloy
for no more than about hushed tones around the hull and nuclear power ,
70 days at a time. offices of the P entagon the 260 foot Alfa was
Ohio was not the only during the early 80 's . capable of a maximum
560 foot submarine at sea The Typhoon class also submerged speed of
in the 1980's, however. became the inspiration 45 kts . As well as
On 23rd September 1980, for a book , The Hunt for travelling fast , Alfa could
a sub was launched at Red October , in which also dive to 2,500 feet ,
Severodvinsk in the writer Tom Clancy over twice as deep as
USSR which was large foresees the silent drive most subs of
even b y today' s units which we take for the time.
.1 H
( \I)EH\\ \TEH \\ \HF\HE
THE 21 ST CENTURY pe rformance , the

Russian navy went ahe ad
with produc tion of an
ope rational silent drive
sub, the Akula III class
of 2004 . When the
Russo-Ame ric an
technology sharing
agreem ent of 2005 was
signed , sile nt drive
r esearch data was
LD-12 loading rooots in the docking bay oj a modern submarille ca.rrier. immediately made
electromagne t array.
B y the e nd of the
20th century,
Russian submarine
Tlus high s peed wate r is
the n passed out of an
a vailable to US scie ntists.
Work started in the USA
on finding a way of
technology was at le ast exhaust , propelling the improving the powe r
10 years ahe ad of the submarine forward. An output from an
USA. Submarines had electromagne tic drive ele ctromagne ti c drive .
been using a c tive sonar has no moving parts ; it is
US scie ntists s pe nt two
absorbing surface sile nt in ope ration.
years modifying magn e t
c oatings since the e arl y The prototype electro- po we r outputs and
1980's, but the searc h magne tic ' Sile nt Drive' finding alte rnative ways
was on for a way of Ulut was given its first of introducing ne gati ve
propelling a submarine sea trial in 2002 , on a ions into wate r , but to
without a noisy exposed modified Russian Alfa no avail. The
propelle r. Russian class nucle ar sub. The bre akthrough c ame
scie ntists concentrate d Alfa escaped passive when Edd y Sowleski, a
their researc h e fforts on sonar d e tection at ranges tale nted ae ro propulsion
d eveloping a prac tic al as close as 200m but had e n gineer , proposed the
electromagne tic drive. one proble m; the silent ElectroMagne tic-Ducted
An ele ctromagne ti c drive drive u sed powe r at an Impelle r (EMDI) dri ve.
fWIc tions b y taking in alarming rate and the
Th e prototy p e EMDI
wate r , charging it with Alfa could go no faste r
dri ve c on sis t e d of a
negative ions and the n than 25kts .
s tandard e l ec tro-
a ccelerating the c harged E ven though the electro-
magnetic dri ve
wate r by using a circular magn e tic drive d egrad ed
e xhaus tin g throug h a
--
.)
.)
I \I)EH\\ \TEH \\ \HF\HE
tube containing a
32-blade fan. While The First Advanced
th e EMDI driv e was
not totall y sil e nt , tes ts Technology Submarines
prov ed that it was
t e rrifically powerful. ~ s silent drive subs Construction began on a
The d esign wa s J-i.hecame more wide- prototype to test these
r e fined and soo n it spread, pioneering new theories . To furthe r
was r ead y to be given engineers a t Legendre emphasise the advanced
its fir s t sea trial. Sous-Marins (LSM) in design of this sub , LSM
France began work on named it Na utilus.
The attack sub USS
a new con cept in
Minneapolis-Saint Paul The Na utilus was
submarines. They
was chosen to be fitted launched at Chel"bourg
realised that, as well as
with the prototype on January 21 , 2014,
being stealthy , a
EMDI d'l"ive. This sub exactly 60 years after the
submarine need s to be
promptly set up a new USA launched their
fast and maneuverable.
world submarine s peed nuclear Nautilus. The
r ecord of 59 kts on They established that the new sub was as much of a
May 31st 2008, during main cause of drag on a revelation as its 1954
the first EMDI sea trial. submarine was turbulence nuclear namesake and
The first produc tion close to the surface of went on to raise the
EMDI sub, the 19,800 the hull . To get rid of this, tmderwatel' sp eed record
ton Nevada class of the new sub would be to 63 kts. More
2007 was also the first coated with a very rough importantly, its adva nced
skin, the texture of which design allowed it to
EMDI sub to be fitted
was inspired by the skin outmaneuver any torpedo
with a variable pitch
of sharks. then in existence .
fan. By stopping the fan
and rotating its blades With very large dive The design of the Nautilus
to align with the flow planes for increased was u sed as the basis for
through the impeller, maneuverability , power the Requin Tigre class of
the Nevada could run in from a lightweight fusion 2017 which was produced
total sile nce at speeds r eactor linked to a in very large numbers
up to 21 kts. U nde r full standard EMDI drive and and sold b y LSM to,
EMDI power , Ne vada all-composite structure, among other s, Russia
could run safely at up the new sub promised and America .
to 57 kts. unrivalled p erformance.
I '\I)EH\\ \TEH \\ \HF\HE
Corporate Wars
A number of inter-
national companies DurIIt6 1M early
success could b e achieved
through the use of force.
established underwater """of J,, Even though corporate
prospecting teams ee,.,.",.,aIae wars were forbidd en b y
to gather seafloor goHrrtlINrdI o/.1Ie international law , sec r et
manganese and it was II1Of'Id tNre wars went on, esp ecially
not long b efore these be...... lo0d0pt in the poorer regions of
companies started to a MOre aolerGld the world where payoffs
undertake full-scale auiIade IOIMrd or the threat of a run
underwater mining. each oIIactr. "tar on the currency had
Seafloor mining com-
belu1Hla f:...,.,rie. more influence.
tU bece1lllnt1 rore
plexes su ch as the
In 2024, the Chinese
Australian Neptune wer e and after alae .".rW
upre. .,. 01 alae government pa ssed a
built, housing over 300
ruling that all
workers, 1800 feet under 90i baubae..
corporate wars should
the sea . During the late bepra 10 ftourith.
b e r egis ter ed , allowing
2010's, the advances in
companies to legall y
underwater mining submarines to strike a battl e in China's
techniques were leading pipeline owned by the
te rritoria l waters.
to some companies Chinese state-owned
Th e Chinese stated
reaping huge b enefits for con glomerate Norinco in
that th e r esolution
relatively little outlay. the South China Sea.
would "p rotec t inn -
This slowly led to the The situation degraded
ocent civilian s by
under sea mining into a conflict , but at the
forcin g co rporation s
companies becoming end of it all ConDyn
to follow government
more economically owned the right to mine
guidelines" , but th e
powedul than any others an ex tra 80,000 square economic pressure
on th e planet. miles of territory .
put on China by
In 2021 , a dispute over The progress of this ConDyn Inte rnational
mining telTitory led conflict was followed and SubAm In c h elped
ConDyn International to closely b y other mining in pushing th e
use its security fleet of companies. The r esult resolution through .
two R equin Tigre class proved that economic
;) I
I '\I)I-:H\\ \TEH \\ \HF\HE
The Chinese r esolution of business life. They are tyrannical multi-nationals.

was condemned b y many less violent than the
The establishment of the
of the world 's govern- national wars of the 20th
Mer cenaries U nion in
ments, but over the next century because civilian
July 2026 r edressed the
year sever e economic casualties and collateral
balance and ensured that
pressure from several damage is rare. Mter all,
any company had access
oil-producing a company which has been
to an effective d efen se
multinatio nals forced bled to death in a war is
force. Mer cenary pilots
these countries to follow useless to the victor.
now make up over 60%
China 's lead.
By 2026 , the smaller of the world 's corporate
Corporate wars soon
became an accepted part
companies wer e suffering
at the hands of the
d efen se sub cr ews.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE

FIGHTER SUBMARINE
In 2025 the first true gleaned from these was unsuitable for long
fi ghter sub , the Eagle sen sors was proj ected journeys . Modified
was launch ed. It was within the two-cr ew transport ships wer e
similar in appearance to cockpit u sing a 3-D soon in widespread use
the R equin Tigr e class, proj ection system taken a s a b ase for several
but while the Fren ch sub straight out of a flight Eagle class fightels .
was d esigned for simulator. During the Gulf War of
government fOl'ces, 2028-29 , however , all the
Within a month of its
Eagle was purely for sub carrier ships in the
launch , it had set an
corporate d efense units. r egion wer e targeted and
underwater sp eed r ecord
This meant that Eagle sunk in the first hour of
of 68 kts and had the
weighed just 324 ton s the war . Warfare had
maneuverability to
compared to the 1225 grown too sophisticated
match. Eagle was soon
ton Requin Tigr e . The for surface vessels to
b eing sold to mer cenary
Eagle was also fitted with survive . The Eagle
pilots, and was even
the latest sen sor systems continued to b e used for
adopted by some
to enable it to carry out short-range d efen se
government for ces .
a complete en gagement work , but it lack ed the
of the en em y with total Due to the cramped endurance to be used a s
stealth. Information cockpit of the Eagle, it an effective weapon.

.) .)
I :\HEI(\\ \TEI( \\ \I(F\I(E
The First Sub Carriers the world and operate them

indefinitely. As well as the
fighter subs, Enterprise
ubAm Inc, who had or'ders began to flood in fOI' carried an al'senal of 20
S the largest under-
water mining operation in the
the new vessel. SubAm was
catapulted to the forefront of
cruise missiles, ma king it
a complete offensive
world , was findin g that their sub manufacture, and has weapons system.
sub carrier ships we I'e poor not looked back. Today , they Upgl'ades to the
operating platforms for such offer a complete range of Enterprise class now allow it
a potentially effecti ve subs including the fa stest to opel'ate ten fighter
sabotage weapon. In 2032 , pl"Oduction sub in the wodd. submal'ines and even though
they stalted work on a ver y The launch of the first the Tsunami class has stolen
ambitious project; the 60,000 ton Enterprise class some sales from SubAm , the
construction of a submarine sul) catTier took place on Enterprise is still the world 's
which would CatTYfighter October 1 2039, heralding a most popular submarine
subs into action. By 2038, the new era in submarine catTier . The Entel-prise has
project had taken SubAm to warfare. Capable of carrying only one fault - the price tag
the bl'ink of bankruptcy but, up to 6 Eagle class fighter of $2360 million puts it out of
just as the company was subs, it could take them to I'each of all but the ver y
selling off their last mine, the trouble spots anywhet'e in richest buyers.

STRIKE FAST
STRIKE HARD
The Particle Beam Rocket System
(PBRS) is the newest weapon in
underwater warfare.
The PBRS uses a high energy
particle beam pulse to vaporise a
cylinder of water, then fires Mach 2

EuroMil armor-piercing rockets along
... Tomorrow's ..
+:
*Weapons Today
this cylinder; neutralising any
*~ ** underwater threat.
O\E \)\,
on board the
n the second of our ' One Day '
I series, we look at a typical day
in the life of Captain Roberto
Deladra , a fighter sub pilot on the
Enterprise class sub carrr, er
Verona, operated by Milaro Inc.
"MiJaro , as one of th e Our main armament The Vel"Ona normally

largest companies in con si sts of ten Italian- patrols the ocean on its
Italy, ha s been forced made Aquila class own. The Roma, our
to operate Submarine fighter sub s, which sister ship , will usually
Carrier s to protect o ur are comfortable and be a t port while we al'e at
marine facilities handl e b ea utifull y. I sea, but she may be
against attack from wa s one of a team called to assist us in time
hostile companies . Our of Italian pilots of eme rgency.
two Am e rican built who evaluated th e
Enterprise cla ss sub Am erican Lightning
carriers are equipped class back in 2046 and
with a wide variety even though the
of weapons to d e ter Am e rican s ub is faster,
any aggressor. I prefer the Aquila .
O!\E 1)\'
Sub Carrier Verona
A sonar visualisation of Verona at 3600 feet taken from Captain Deladra's Aquila.
My day begins with the slept. Shifts run 14 hours spacious and comfortable
gentle sound of classical on and 10 hours off and quarters to get some
music, normally Vivaldi, are organized so that breakfast. The canteen is
from my alarm, the lights Verona always has well equipped, but serves
in my quarters slowly get qualified personnel at fish far too often. When I
brighter and soon I am every battle station. am at sea, I prefer to stick
awake. The time I get up Mter washing and to eating vege-meat with
is governed by when I last dressing, I leave my pasta, rather than fish .
()"' E I) \ ,
Whe n I come on
dut y, I report to the
bri efin g room for
updates on th e ta ctical
situation. How I sp end
ONE DAY
... on board the Sub Carrier Verona
the I:esl of th e d ay is
de te rmined by thi s
briefing.
If the t'e is no
threat , I will eithe r
sp e nd th e time sorting
out any cr e w problems
in my rol e a s an
officer, or I might be
sch eduled to take an
Aquila out for a Iholo TV, and this gets If we are in a full
training miss ion . Most a lot of u se from scale battle, I will brief
of my non -combat time the pilots . and fly mission s with
is sp e nt in the crew If we are in a time both corporate and
room , wher e we have of tension , I may have m er cenary fighter
the fin es t entertain- to crew on e of two crews . During battle
me nt sys tem s available ' Ready Alert' sub s, ope ration s over my la st
toda y. As we ll as fu11 y at' med and r eady two yea r s with Milaro ,
holographic TV, we to laun ch within 90 I have claim ed six
have th e lates t seconds of r eceiving en e my subs including
inte ra c tive video the call. Strapped in two fighte r s ub s.
sys tem s . Th e software for 5 hours at a time , I come off duty
from an Aquila th e cosy coc kpit of the afte r 14 houts of
simulator is link ed to Aquila is essential for operations. I might
the inte t'a c tive video R ea dy Alert duti es . ca tc h a movi e in the
cinema , go to the it 's a tough life . For but it doesn ' t matter .
swimming pool or even u s, a conflict may la st E ven if my contract
go fOl" a walk around a wee k or two and with Milaro is
the 3 miles of corridor s we' ve n ever b een terminated I know
on the Verona b efore involved in more than ther e's plenty of work
r etiring to m y quarter s two a year. The available for me a s an
and going to sleep . freelance guy s are experien ced fighter
The pay a s a Milaro almost always at war sub pilot. "
fighter sub cr ewman is and I haven ' t met a Our thanks to
pretty good . I earn a s mer e who 's survived Captain Deladra and
much a s a senior the business more than Milaro for their help
executive, but of a couple of years . in the preparation of
course I am frequently Overall , working a s this article.
in very dangerous a fighter sub pilot is
situations, so it is not r ewarding, well paid
unrea sonable to expect and can b e very
a d ecent salary. d emanding . I know
Mer cenary fighter s can that I could n eve r
earn even more, but r eturn to a d esk job ,
T he Ve rona returns to its home p ort of Naples at the end of a 3 month cruise.
\I'I'OI,\T)lE\T~
class u seful. Conta ct

Ri chteur Inte rnation a l on
CLASSIFICATION 2-G 0473-572921-RICH.
TRANSPORT SUB CAPTAINS
Wanted: Fighte r Suh Pilot
(experience of Jumbo class transport subs preferable).
for highly paid site defense
CLASSIFICATION 77-M (or equivalent) work. We're not going to
DRILLING MAINTENANCE the mercs - they've ripped
us off once too ofLen.
ENGINEERS Co ntact Box No. 7535 ,
c/o UnderC urrents.
CLASSIFICATION 59-S (3)
~ITI \TIO\~" \\')'1-.1)
GEOPHYSICISTS
Experienced, Transport
CLASSIFICATION 1-M HEAVY Suh Pilot, ca ptain on
EQUIPMENT MAINTENANCE UST-23D co mmer cial subs,
seeking other opportunities
ENGINEERS preferably in the corporate
Applications should be made to:- defence sector . Replies to
Box No. 2730, c/o U nder -
Atlantic Mining Corp. Currents.
Undersea Division , Atlantic Tower,
New York, NY, USA
Classification 2-E
ATLANTIC Reconnaissance
Sub Pilot
111111 Classification
Mining Corporation 39-H Undersea
Tractor Drivers
Classification
~ITI \l'IO\~' \C \ \,1 Sub Warfare (ASW) j ets and 35-K Computer
we' r e r eady for action! Programmers
Worldwide underwater Contact Dea thwatch ASW,
employment opportunities. Tenerife on 0267-297302- Send details to:-
Send now for FREE DASW. Pacific Undersea
details. McKinley Mining Mining Corp. , The
Cor poration , Norfolk ' I' Qualified Fighter Suh Queen Ma ry Building,
Virginia 804-328-7448- Instructors Required. Long Beach, Los
MKMC. Training syllabus includes Angeles, CA, USA
general ops, combat
Ge t out of the water! maneuvers and operating
Sub Fighter Pilots wanted a s high speed subs at depth .
tacticians/advisors for new Experience in T ornado or
me,cena r y Anti-Sub Outfit. Lightning class essential ,
We' ve just bought three ex- experience in T yphoon ,
US Navy Boeing 777 Anti- Hurrican e, Bataan or Asrin
~EC:TIO\
'JOICE !'IT!' \\ \\TEII
Classification 'B' Sub

CLASSIFICATION 24-M PIPELINE
Pilot, with over 8 , 000 MAINTENANCE SPECIALISTS
hOll r s on Dragon cla ss
hi gh -s p ee d r eco n s ub s CLASSIFICATION 105-M SUBMARINE
and th e r e fle xe s of a
fight e r s llb pi lot. Seeking OVERHAUL CREW
wOl'k in me rc e nar y
/c ommercia l d e fe n ce T e l
Details should be sent to :-
0430-750309-KRIS. North Sea Underwater Mining pic
Su b P il o t Ava il a ble, 10-15 longthorne Street, london,
-
A, C and W q u a lifi e d, England, Europe
ex p e ri e n ce of Ligh t ning
class fi ghte r s, 11 month s
co rpol' ate se rvi ce,
looking for a way out of ......... .........----~-
th e 9 to 5 grind. R e p lies
to Box No. 2517, c/o ~[RluOO ~rn&
Unde.'Currents. Underwater Mining pic
BUBWAJA SUBMARINE CONTROL GUIDE
Primary Controls
D FOR IBM PC COMPATIBLES
Mouse Controls
Single plane maneuver mode on/off Mouse forward Pitch down
Mouse hackward Pitch up
Keyboard Controls Mouse left Roll/yaw left
[!J Pitch down Mouse right Rolllyaw right
0 Pitch up Left Mouse Button Fire selected weapon
[B Roll/yaw left Right Mouse Button Select weapon
El Roll/yaw right
Engine Controls
Joystick Controls G Increase throttle
Joystick forward Pitch down G Decrease throttle
Joystick backward Pitch up [ShiftlG Set throttle to maximum power
Joystick left Roll/yaw left OJ Set throttle to 2/3 power
Joystick right Roll/yaw right [I] Set throttle to 113 power
Fire button 1 Fire selected weapon [shiftlG Set throttle to minimum power
Fire button 2 Select weapon
-
~~~~
-_-...-.
.......~PROSE.
-------
A Dlvilion 01 Spectrum HoleByt. _ Inc .
Copyright 1993 by MicroProse, all rights reserved .

Ballast Tank Controls Views
Flood ballast tanks Cockpit Views
Floodlblow ballast tanks to current depth [IT] Cockpit view
Blow ballast tanks Full screen 3-D view
[ill or 0
Sonar Systems o Look left

CD Look right
Sonar mode - passive/active G Re-center cockpit view
Target next sonar contact CJ Move viewpoint up/down
Weapon Systems External Views

IBackspace] Select weapon
o Flypast view
ISpacebar ] Fire selected weapon [ill Chase vie~
@) Release decoy (ill Weapon view
Cockpit Displays m Tactical view

m Inverse tactical view
Head-Up Display on/off (ill Current contact view
Navigation Display mode - waypoint/map
Display last waypoint Game Controls
Full-Screen Cockpit Displays IEl Pause game

IShift]0 Accelerated time on/off
ITl Mission Map I Shift ]@J Quit/end game
@ Damage Status I Shift ]1Il Activate ejection capsule
~ Wingman Orders lEse] Display in-game options screen
@] Object Viewer llil Toggle terrain detail between wire-frame ,
@) View Mision Orders plain or textured
Auto Pilot
039500005 0194
TECHNICAL SUPPLEMENT
FOR MICRO PROSE CD ROM TITLES
TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS
All MicroProse CD ROM titles require the following: DOS 5.0 or higher, a hard drive, a CD ROM
drive, the Microsoft CD ROM Extension (MSCDEX) version 2.1 or higher, 2 MB of Expanded RAM,
and a VGA Graphics Card. Each product will call for different hardware configurations. Reference
the box label for specific hardware details. Enhanced CD ROM titles such as F-14 Fleet Defender
and BloodNet may require a Sound Blaster compatible sound card for certain game features.
INSTALLATION
The installation of MicroProse CD products is very simple. Just follow the instructions below, and
you'll soon be playing one of the coolest games known to mankind.
Turn on your computer, making sure that the Microsoft CD ROM Extension is loaded.
Place the CD in the CD ROM drive.
Make that drive the current drive. (Type the letter of that drive [usually OJ, followed by a colon,
then press [Enter].)
Type the word INSTALL and press [Enter].
Follow the on-screen instructions.
Several MicroProse titles will copy files to your hard drive. These are only the files that are
absolutely necessary to play the game and take up a minimum amount of hard disk space. Some
MicroProse CD titles, such as World Circuit, will allow you to decide how many files you want the
installation program to copy to your hard drive.
Many MicroProse CD ROM products will temporarily use expanded memory and hard disk space
to cache information. This "caching" process will take a few moments but will allow scenes to play
much faster and will enhance your gaming experience.
RUNNING THE GAMES

After the installation is complete, the install program will instruct you how to start each game or
game pack. Simply repeat those instructions each time you wish to replay the game.
TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE
For customer service and technical support, call MicroProse at 410-771-1151 between 9:00 a.m.
and 5:00 p.m. Eastern Standard Time, Monday through Friday .
. . ..
--_
~~PROSE
---~.
=~==~~~
ENTERTAINMENT. SOFTWARE
034800004 0894

Subwar 2050

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BUBIMIR

THE UNDERWATER COMBAT SIMULATION

When the new prompt appears, typ e " INSTALL [Return]"

Please follow the on-scr een text which appears.

Operating Difficulties and Loading Problems

Q. How do I copy disks?

Q. Why won't my game load?

Q. What is a Boot Disk?

Making a Boot Disk

U sing a Boot Disk

Q. Can I run my game through Windows?

Q. Does my game run with DR DOS?

Q. What is Base Memory?

Q. What is Extended Memory (XMS)?

Q. What is Expanded Memory (EMS)?

1. The correct name of the game

The Read Me File

A 0 I v I s Ion 0 f S pee t rum Hoi 0 B Y t e~ Inc .

180 Lakefront Drive, Hunt Valley, MD 21030

Game Design and Program Copyright 1994 Particle Systems

Made in the USA

MicroProse , 180 Lakefront Drive, Hunt Valley , MD 21030

Made in the USA

The Command Center ............................. ........... .. ..................... .. 12

Configure Subs ... ........ .. ................ ....................... ........ ..... .... 20

Enter Mission .. ........................ ...... ....... .. .. ...... ..... ............ ...... 21

Views ...... ........ ................... ...... ........ ......... ............................ 32

Returning to the Sub Carrier ... .... ............. .. .......................... 33

Mission Debriefing ........... .. ......... ... ..... ... .......... .. ........................ 34

2 After the animated Int ro , you ' ll be

< e w Campaign> hi ghlight e d in a

5 Move the cursor to the b ottom left.

Selec t the top left button , t yp e in

Targeting Sonar Cross

Thi s s cr ee n will s how ( in blu e) th e

R epeat the above procedure until yo u

11 You ' r e not moving ye t , so yo u ' r e

Th e next targe t will b e marked with a 16 Consult the "Read Me File" on

Yo u take the part of on e of th e n ew breed of submarine r s, piloting th e la test in

The sepal'a te UnderCurrents manual contain s information which m ay be useful as

In this manual , these d evices are referred to a s the Selector .

Installing/Loading SubWar 2050

Wh e n yo u hav e comple t e d th e C op y Pro tec tion , y ou are t r an sferred to The

THE COMMAND CENTER

Select 'New Campaign' to begin a n ew campaign. You may choose from:-

North Pacific - Training

Clic k on the ~ icon to l-e turn to the Command Center.

Control Mode - Mouse/Joystick/Keyboard

Terrain Shading - Textured/PlainlWireframe

Object Shading - Textured/PlainlWireframe

Enemy Skill Level - HighfMediumfLow

Playing on a high skill le vel will r es ult in a high er mission score .

Screen Zoom - On/Off

Click on the ~ icon to r eturn to the Command Center.

The Mission Briefin g consists of three scr eens:-

the Order s - click on the ~ icon.

the Mission Map - click on the m Icon.

the 3-D Briefing - click on the ~ Icon .

The Mission Map

The 3-D Briefmg

Th e 3-D Briefing augments th e Mission Map by providing a 3-D view of th e

Select the m m or icon s to move the display W est or East.

Select the ~ or ffi icons to move the display Notth or So uth.