FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL

ONE DIMENSIONAL BAR ELEMENT

General Element 1 Element 2 Element 3

1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 3 1 1
Stiffness matrix = [ ] 1 = [ ] 2 = [ ] 3 = [ ]
1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 3 1 1

1 1
= [ ] 1 1 0 0
1 1
Global Stiffness 1 1 +1 1 0
= 1
matrix 0 1 1
1 1 1+1
= [ ] [0 1
1 1 1 1]
1 1 1 1 2 2 1 3 3 1
Body Force { } = { } { 1} = { } { 2} = { } { 3} = { }
2 1 2 2 1 3 2 1 4 2 1

Thermal Force { } = {1} { } = 1 1 1 {1} { } = 2 2 2 {1} { } = 3 3 3 {1}

1 1 1 1

1 1 ?
Total Force
2
{ 2} = { } = { + } = {?}
3 3 ?
Vector
4 4 ?

2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 3
Force vector { } = [ ]{} { 1} = [ ]{ } { 2} = [ ]{ } { 3} = [ ]{ }
2 2 1 1 3 3 1 1 1 2 4 3 1 1 4

1 1 1 0 0 1
Global Force 1 1 1 0] {2 }
{ 1} = [ ]{ } { 2} = [1 1 + 1 1
vector 2 1 1 2 3 0 1 1 + 1 1 3
4 0 1 1 1 4
Prepared by Y.Ras Mathew, Asst Prof., Dept of Mech HINDUSTHAN COLLEGE OF ENGG & TECH, COIMBATORE-32.
FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL
Boundary
Fixed support node U= 0
Condition
Other node U= have displacement????????
2 1 3 2 4 3
Stress = 1 = 2 = 3 =
1 2 3

Thermal problem 2 1 3 2 4 3

= 1 = 1 1 1 = 2 2 1 = 3 3
Stress 1 1 1

1 1 1 0 0 1 1
0] {2 } {2 }
Reaction force { } = [ ]{} { } { 2} = [1 1 + 1 1
3 0 1 1 + 1 1 3 3
4 0 1 1 1 4 4

ea of node 1 A1=3

Area of node 3 A3=2

1 + 2
Area of node 2 2 =
2
1 + 2
Area of Element 1 1 =
2

2 + 3
Area of Element 2 2 =
2

Prepared by Y.Ras Mathew, Asst Prof., Dept of Mech HINDUSTHAN COLLEGE OF ENGG & TECH, COIMBATORE-32.
 FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL
ONE DIMENSIONAL TRUSSES ELEMENT

General Element 1 Element 2

[K]1=



]
[K]= [ [K]2=


[ ]
[ ]
Stiffness
matrix, [K] Where
l1 = , m1 = L2 = , m2 =
l= , m=

Equilent Length
le1 = ( ) + ( ) le2 = ( ) + ( )
le = ( ) + ( )

[K]1=





] {
[ {


[K]= {
[K]2=



Assembling

[ ]
[ ]
of Global
Stiffness
matrix, [K] 1 2 3 4 5 6

1


2
[K]= 3 [ ] =

4

5 [ ]
6

Prepared by Y.Ras Mathew, Asst Prof., Dept of Mech HINDUSTHAN COLLEGE OF ENGG & TECH, COIMBATORE-32.
 FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL

1 1
2 2
{ } = [] =
3 {3 }
4 4
[ ]
1
Finite 2
= { } = { + }
3
element {F}=[K]{u}
4
equation

Applying Boundary Condition (Ie Displacement U)

Fixed support node U= 0

Other node U= have displacement???????? We have to find


Stress, = [ ] { } 1 = [ ] { } ` 2 = [ ] { } `


1 1 1
2 2 2
Reaction 3 3
{ R } = [ K ] { u* } { F } =[ K ] 3
forces, {R} 4 4 4
5 5 5
{6 } {6 } {6 }

Prepared by Y.Ras Mathew, Asst Prof., Dept of Mech HINDUSTHAN COLLEGE OF ENGG & TECH, COIMBATORE-32.
FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL
CST ELEMENT

General
[ ] = [] [][ ]

1 1 0 2 0 3 0
[ ] = [0 1 0 2 0 3 ]
Strain-Displacement matrix= [] 2 1 2 2 3 3
1
q1=y2-y3; q2=y3-y1; q3=y1-y2;
r1=x3-x2; r2=x1-x3; r3=x2-x1;
1 0

Plane Stress[] = 12 [ 1 0 ]
Stiffness 0 0
1
2
matrix[ ] 1 0
Stress-Strain relationship matrix for
plane stress problem =[]
Plane Strain[] = (1+)(12) [ 1 0 ]
12
0 0 2

v Poissons ratio
E Youngs modulus

1 1 1
1
Area of the triangular element= A A = |1 2 2 |
2
1 3 3

Prepared by Y.Ras Mathew, Asst Prof., Dept of Mech HINDUSTHAN COLLEGE OF ENGG & TECH, COIMBATORE-32.
FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL
1
1
2
Element stress= { } { } =[D] [B] { u } =[D] [B]
2
3
{3 }
1
1
Element strain= { e } 2
{ e } = [ B ] { u } =[ B ]
2
3
{ 3 }
Where, x, y Normal stresses
Maximum normal + 2 xy Shear stress
stress=max max = + ( 2
) + u, v Nodal displacements
2 2

Minimum normal
+ 2
stress =min min = ( 2
) +
2 2

Principal angle =P 2
tan 2P =

Prepared by Y.Ras Mathew, Asst Prof., Dept of Mech HINDUSTHAN COLLEGE OF ENGG & TECH, COIMBATORE-32.
FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL
Temperature Effects
{ F } = [ B ]T [ D ] { e0 } t A

Initial strain, { 0 } { 0 } = {}
Element 0

temperature { 0 } = (1 + ) {}
force={ F } 0
Coefficient of thermal expansion
v Poissons ratio
t thickness
Notes
Co-ordinate, x = N1 x1+ N2 x2+ N3x3
Co-ordinate, y = N1 y1+ N2 y2+ N3y3
Co ordinates of or
point P on CST
element Co-ordinate, x= (x1-x3) N1+ (x2-x3) N2+x3
Co-ordinate, y= (y1-y3) N1+ (y2-y3) N2+y3

Shape function N1 + N2 + N3 = 1

Prepared by Y.Ras Mathew, Asst Prof., Dept of Mech HINDUSTHAN COLLEGE OF ENGG & TECH, COIMBATORE-32.
FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL
TWO DIMENSIONAL PROBLEMS VECTOR VARIABLE PROBLEMS

General
Stiffness [ K ] = 2 r A [ B ]T [ D ] [ B ]
1 0 2 0 3 0
matrix[ ] Strain-Displacement matrix= [ ] 1
1
+ 1 + 1 0
2
+ 2 +
2
0
3
+ 3 + 3 0
[ B ]=2
0 1 0 2 0 3
[ 1 1 2 2 3 3 ]
1 = r2z3 r3z2 1 = z2 z3 1 = r3 r2
2 = r3z1 r31z3 2 = z3 z1 2 = r1 r3
3 = r1z2 r2z1 3 = z1 z2 1 = r2 r1
1 +2+3 1+2+3
r= z=
3 3
1 0
1 0
[ D ] = (1+)(12) 0
Stress-Strain relationship matrix 1 12
for plane stress problem =[] [ 0 0 0 2 ]
v Poissons ratio
E Youngs modulus
1 1 1
1
Area of the triangular element= A A = |1 2 2 |
2
1 3 3
Temperature Effects

Thermal force
{ F }t = [ B ]T [ D ] { e }t 2 r A { e }t = {}
vector 0

Prepared by Y.Ras Mathew, Asst Prof., Dept of Mech HINDUSTHAN COLLEGE OF ENGG & TECH, COIMBATORE-32.
FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL
ISOPARAMATRIC ELEMENT FORMULATION

General

= ( )( )

Shape
= ( + )( )
function for
quadrilateral
element = ( + )( + )


= ( )( + )

Cartesian Co
ordinates of
x = N1 x1+ N2 x2+ N3x3
points P for
y = N1 y1+ N2 y2+ N3y3
quadrilateral
element quadrilateral element
1
1
Element stress 2
{ } =[D] [B] { u
= =[D] [B] 2
} 3
{} 3
4
{4 }

Prepared by Y.Ras Mathew, Asst Prof., Dept of Mech HINDUSTHAN COLLEGE OF ENGG & TECH, COIMBATORE-32.
FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL
1
1
2

{e}=[B]{u} =[ B ] 2
3
3
4
{4 }
Stress-Strain 1 0
relationship 1 0
matrix for plane [ ] = 2
[ 1 ]
1
stress problem 0 0
2
Element strain =[ ]
=
{e} 1 22 12 0 0 1
[ ] = [ 0 0 12 11 ]
|| 4
12 11 22 12

(1 ) 0 (1 ) 0 (1 + ) 0 (1 + ) 0
Strain-Displacement ( ) 0 (1 + ) 0 (1 + ) 0 (1 ) 0
[ 1 (1 ) (1 ) (1 + ) (1 + )]
0 0 0 0
matrix= [] 0 (1 ) 0 (1 + ) 0 (1 + ) 0 (1 )

11 12
|| = [ ]
21 22
1
11 = [(1 )1 + (1 )2 + (1 + )3 (1 + )4 ]
4

Prepared by Y.Ras Mathew, Asst Prof., Dept of Mech HINDUSTHAN COLLEGE OF ENGG & TECH, COIMBATORE-32.
FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL
1
12 = [(1 )1 + (1 )2 + (1 + )3 (1 + )4 ]
4
1
21 = [(1 )1 (1 + )2 + (1 + )3 + (1 )4 ]
4
1
22 = [(1 )1 (1 + )2 + (1 + )3 + (1 )4 ]
4
OR

11 = 12 =


21 = 12 =

Prepared by Y.Ras Mathew, Asst Prof., Dept of Mech HINDUSTHAN COLLEGE OF ENGG & TECH, COIMBATORE-32.
FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL

1
Integral
function
= ( )
1
Order of given
polynomial = n =

1
( ) = ( )
1
Gauss quadrature =1
1
( ) = 1 (1 ) + 2 (2 ) + 3 (3 )
1

Number of
Location, xi Corresponding weights, wi
points, n
1 x1=0 2

2 x1 , x2 = 1

x1 , x3 =
3

x2 = 0

x1 , x4 = 0.8611363116 0.3478548451
4
x1 , x3 = 0.3399810436 0.6521451549

Prepared by Y.Ras Mathew, Asst Prof., Dept of Mech HINDUSTHAN COLLEGE OF ENGG & TECH, COIMBATORE-32.