Matrix

Algebra Basics

Based on slides by Pam Perlich (U.Utah)

 Matrix
A matrix is any doubly subscripted array of
elements arranged in rows and columns.

a11 ,, a1n
a 21 ,, a 2n
A = = {A ij}


am1 ,, amn
 Row Vector

[1 x n] matrix

A [a1 a2 ,, an] = {aj}

 Column Vector
[m x 1] matrix

a1
a 2
A = = {ai}


am
 Square Matrix
Same number of rows and columns

5 4 7
B = 3 6 1
2 1 3
 IdenCty Matrix
Square matrix with ones on the
diagonal and zeros elsewhere.

1 0 0 0
0 1 0 0
I =
0 0 1 0

0 0 0 1
 Transpose Matrix
Rows become columns and columns
become rows

a11 a 21 ,, am1
a12 a 22 ,, am 2
A' =


a1n a 2n ,, amn
Matrix AddiCon and SubtracCon

A new matrix C may be defined as the

additive combination of matrices A and B
where: C = A + B

is defined by:



{Cij} = {Aij} + {Bij}
Note: all three matrices are of the same dimension

 AddiCon
a11 a12
A =
If
a 21 a 22

b11 b12
and
B =
b 21 b 22

then
a11 + b11 a12 + b12
C =
a 21 + b 21 a 22 + b22
 Matrix AddiCon Example

3 4 1 2 4 6
A + B = + = = C
5 6 3 4 8 10
 Matrix SubtracCon

C = A - B
Is defined by

{Cij} = {Aij} {Bij}

 Matrix MulCplicaCon

Matrices A and B have these dimensions:

[r x s] and [s x c]
 Matrix MulCplicaCon
Matrices A and B can be multiplied if:

[r x s] and [s x c]

these must match

 Matrix MulCplicaCon

The resulting matrix will have the dimensions:

[r x s] and [s x c]

rxc
 ComputaCon: A x B = C

a11 a12 [2 x 2]
A =
a 21 a 22
b11 b12 b13 [2 x 3]
B =
b 21 b 22 b 23
a11b11 + a12b21 a11b12 + a12b22 a11b13 + a12b23
C =
a 21b11 + a 22b 21 a 21b12 + a 22b 22 a 21b13 + a 22b 23
[2 x 3]
ComputaCon: A x B = C

2 3
1 1 1
A = 1 1 and B =
1 0 1 0 2
[3 x 2] [2 x 3]
A and B can be multiplied

2 *1 + 3 *1 = 5 2 *1 + 3 * 0 = 2 2 *1 + 3 * 2 = 8 5 2 8
C = 1*1 + 1*1 = 2 1*1 + 1* 0 = 1 1*1 + 1* 2 = 3 = 2 1 3
1*1 + 0 *1 = 1 1*1 + 0 * 0 = 1 1*1 + 0 * 2 = 1 111

[3 x 3]
ComputaCon: A x B = C

2 3
1 1 1
A = 1 1 and B =
1 0 1 0 2
[3 x 2] [2 x 3]
Result is 3 x 3

2 *1 + 3 *1 = 5 2 *1 + 3 * 0 = 2 2 *1 + 3 * 2 = 8 5 2 8
C = 1*1 + 1*1 = 2 1*1 + 1* 0 = 1 1*1 + 1* 2 = 3 = 2 1 3
1*1 + 0 *1 = 1 1*1 + 0 * 0 = 1 1*1 + 0 * 2 = 1 111

[3 x 3]
 Matrix Inversion

1 1
B B = BB = I

Like a reciprocal Like the number one

in scalar math in scalar math