Appendix A

4.9 GHz Mask Issues

Prepared for NPSTC Petition for Reconsideration
3rd Report & Order, FCC WTB Docket 00-32

by
Sean OHara
Syracuse Research Corporation

1
 802.11 Standards

4.9 GHz 802.11 OFDM equipment is available now

in Japan, giving a huge market to leverage
20 MHz Channels, with 10 MHz on the way
Huge US chipset market for 5GHz, these can also be used at 4.9 GHz
ITS (DRSC) equipment will use 802.11 OFDM
Also on 10 MHz channels, and another huge market
Includes 5.9 GHz Public Safety Spectrum
and comes with an enhanced MAC layer
There is more IEEE 802.11 work in progress
Enhanced MAC with priority, authentication, and QoS (802.11e)
Enhanced security (802.11i)
Power Control and Dynamic Channel Selection (802.11h/k)
10 MHz Channels at 4.9 GHz (802.11j)
5 MHz bandwidth.(allows cellular reuse, 7 cell cluster plus one everywhere)

2
 802 Standards

Other exciting standards-based technologies may

help in 4.9 GHz
Metropolitan area networks (MAN), 802.16, for site interconnect
MOBILE MAN, 802.16e and 802.20
NPSTC has taken the initiative to get involved with
IEEE 802 activities
To ensure that Public Safety requirements are considered to the
greatest extent possible
To ensure that Public Safety is aware of next gen capabilities
To cooperatively interact with industry (they will support our recon)
The key is to not limit our options
And to leverage larger markets to in order to obtain lower pricing
and better capabilities

3
 4.9 GHz FCC Mask

Part 90 4.9 GHz Emission Mask

-25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25

0
Attenuation below Peak Average Power

-10 Mask scales to

bandwidth
-20
1 and 5 MHz
-30
channels
-40
available, can
combine up to
-50 20 MHz

-60
Offset MHz (10 MHz Channel)

4
 4.9 GHz FCC Mask Comparison
- to existing standards

Mask Comparison

-25.00 -20.00 -15.00 -10.00 -5.00 0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00
0.00
4.9 GHz
DSRC- A and 802.11a/j
-10.00
DSRC- B
DSRC- C
The FCC Mask
-20.00
DSRC- D is much tighter
than the
Attenuation (dB)

-30.00
802.11a/j and
-40.00 DSRC masks

-50.00

-60.00

-70.00
Offset in MHz (10 MHz Bandwidth)

5
 4.9 GHz FCC Mask Comparison
-Motorola filing and existing standards

802.11a/j and Motorola

-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 The FCC Mask

0.00 is similar to
-5.00 DSRC- A and 802.11a/j the one that
MOT 5 MHZ
-10.00 MOT 10 MHZ
Motorola
-15.00 MOT 15 MHZ recommended
MOT 20 MHZ in their filing
Attenuation (dB)

-20.00

-25.00
i.e. much
-30.00
tighter than
-35.00 the 802.11a/j
-40.00 and DSRC
-45.00 masks
-50.00
Offset (MHz), Normalized to 10 MHz Bandwidth

6
 4.9 GHz FCC Mask Comparison
-802.11a/j and 52 Subcarrier OFDM

FCC Mask and 802.11a/j Occupied Spectrum

Bottom Line:
10
Simto IEEE802.11j (OFDM, 52 Datra Subcarriers, 12 Null Subcarriers)
FCC 4.9 GHz
5 IEEE 802.11a Standard, Scaled to 10 MHz

-5

-10 There is a
-15

-20
problem with the
-25
Motorola and
Attenuation (dB)

FCC Masks
-30

-35

-40

The Outer OFDM

-45

-50

-55

-60
Subcarriers will
-65 not fit in the
-70
-20 -18 -16 -14 -12 -10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0
Offset (MHz)
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Masks

7
 The Need for a
Petition for Reconsideration

The emissions mask requirements under these Rules will

prohibit the use of any scaled 802.11 OFDM-based technology
without serious modification.
Our analyses, along with industry feedback, indicates that
significant additional baseband processing, sub-carrier nulling,
and software changes will be necessary to allow 802.11a-based
physical layer technologies to operate in this band.
As a result of this, our ability to use many of the open standards-
based technology in the band will be severely hindered
As will our capability to leverage the wider commercial market in
order to reduce equipment costs.
Furthermore, the creation of a niche broadband Public Safety
market will only tend to stifle innovation within the allocation -
ultimately limiting Public Safetys access to new technologies
and capabilities, and increasing costs.

8
 Examination of Adjacent Channel
Performance

We needed to look at adjacent channel performance

in order to examine the costs and benefits of a
looser mask
Several approaches were taken, and the results
compared
ACCPR, with transmitter emissions fitted to worst case Mask,
and receiver filter to 802.11 OFDM-like waveform
ACPPR, with transmitter emissions fitted to worst case Mask,
and receiver filter also fitted to Mask
ACP, with transmitter emissions fitted to worst case Mask
All results compare favorably

9
 Approximate ACCPR for Masks

-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20

0 Transmitter
-10
emissions fitted
to worst case
-20
Mask, and
-30 receiver filter to
-40 802.11 OFDM-
-50
like waveform
4.9 GHz MASK
MOT 10 MHZ MASK
-60
Can be lower
DSRC- A and 802.11a/j MASK
DSRC- B MASK
DSRC- C MASK
-70 DSRC- D MASK
TYP Norm PSD (dB)
when actual
-80
parameters are
DSRC- A known and
-90
4.9 GHz
MOT 10
MHZ
and
802.11a/j DSRC- B DSRC- C DSRC- D
considered
(ACCPR) (ACCPR) (ACCPR) (ACCPR) (ACCPR) (ACCPR)
-33.63 -38.20 -26.21 -26.21 -38.11 -51.66

10
 Approximate ACCPR for Masks

-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20

0
Transmitter
emissions fitted
-10
to worst case
-20 Mask, and
receiver filter to
-30 802.11 OFDM-
like waveform
-40 4.9 GHz MASK
MOT 10 MHZ MASK
DSRC- A and 802.11a/j MASK

-50 DSRC- B MASK

DSRC- C MASK
Can be lower
DSRC- D MASK
TYP Norm PSD (dB)
when actual
-60 parameters are
DSRC- A
known and
-70
MOT 10 and considered
4.9 GHz MHZ 802.11a/j DSRC- B DSRC- C DSRC- D
(ACCPR) (ACCPR) (ACCPR) (ACCPR) (ACCPR) (ACCPR)
-33.18 -36.94 -26.10 -26.11 -36.78 -42.07

11
 Approximate ACCPR
- 802.11a/j and DSRC Masks

10.00

0.00
-10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
ACPPR, with
-10.00
transmitter
emissions fitted to
-20.00
worst case Mask,
-30.00
and receiver filter
also fitted to Mask
-40.00

-50.00
Can be lower
DSRCa when actual
parameters are
-60.00 DSRCb
DSRCc
DSRCd

-70.00
DSRCa
DSRCb
known and
DSRCc
DSRCd
considered
-80.00

12
 Approximate ACCPR
- FCC MO&O Mask

10

0 ACPPR, with
-10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
transmitter
-10
emissions fitted to
-20 worst case Mask,
-30
and receiver filter
also fitted to Mask
-40

-50 Can be lower

when actual
-60
FCC 10 MHz parameters are
FCC 10 MHz
-70 known and
-80
considered

13
 Approximate ACCPR
- Motorola Filing Masks

10

0
-10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
ACPPR, with
transmitter
-10
emissions fitted to
-20 worst case Mask,
-30
and receiver filter
also fitted to Mask
-40

-50 Can be lower

MOT
MOT
5 MHZ
10 MHZ
when actual
-60 MOT
MOT
15 MHZ
20 MHZ
parameters are
-70
MOT
MOT
5 MHZ
10 MHZ
known and
MOT
MOT
15 MHZ
20 MHZ considered
-80

14
 Approximate ACCPR for Masks

Approximate Mask ACCPR It is reasonable

0.0
to look at three
-10.0
mask classes:

-20.0
a loose mask
ACCPR (dB )

(~25 dB ACCPR),
-30.0

-40.0
a tight mask
-50.0 (~35 dB ACCPR),

-60.0
802.11a/j
and DSRCa
DSRCb DSRCc DSRCd
MOT 10
MHZ
FCC and a very
Max ACP -22.9 -24.6 -36.0 -48.1 -32.1 -31.9 tight mask
Mask to Normalized Mask -22.3 -22.7 -34.7 -48.5 -34.7 -30.7 (~45 dB ACCPR)
Coupling w/40 dB Filter Floor -26.1 -26.1 -36.8 -42.1 -36.9 -33.2
Coupling w/60 dB Filter Floor -26.2 -26.2 -38.1 -51.7 -38.2 -33.6

15
 Approximate Range
-High Reliability Case
Received Power
Free Space Loss to 1 m, Power Law Beyond
0

-5
1 Watt Transmit Power, 10 MHz Bandwidth
Example:
-10

-15

-20
Path Loss Exponent n = 4.0

kTB
10 MHz Bandwidth,
1 W Transmit Power,
kTB + NF
-25
kTB + NF + 18 dB CPC f

0 dBi Antennas
-30

-35

-40

-45

-50
Receiver Noise Floor
Receive Power (dBm)

-55

-60

-65
of ~94 dBm
-70

NOTE:
-75

-80

-85

-90
In band interference
-95

-100
Should be kept at
-105 least 6 dB below the
noise floor or <-100
-110

-115

-120
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130
(Range (m)
140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250
dBm

16
 Adjacent Channel Effects
-High Reliability Case

-50
Path Loss Exponent n = 4.0
Adjacent Channel Receive Threshold @ 25 dB ACCPR
Adjacent Channel Receive Threshold @ 35 dB ACCPR
-52.5
Adjacent Channel Receive Threshold @ 45 dB ACCPR

Adjacent Channel
-55

Interference Range
-57.5

-60
Very Tight Mask
-62.5 e.g. Mot or DSRC-d
Receive Power (dBm)

-65
~45 dB ACCPR, ~ 8 m

Tighter Mask
-67.5

-70
e.g. FCC, Mot, or DSRC-c
-72.5 ~35 dB ACCPR, ~ 17 m
-75

Loose Mask
e.g. 802.11a/j or DSRC-a/b
-77.5

-80
0 2.5 5 7.5 10 12.5 15 17.5 20 22.5 25 27.5 30 32.5 35 37.5 40 42.5 45 47.5 50 ~25 dB ACCPR, ~ 28 m
(Range (m)

17
 Adjacent Channel Reuse Effects

Service
~32m

Loose,
~28m
Adjacent
Separation
(~25 dB Tight,
~17m
ACCPR)
Adjacent Very Tight,
Separation ~8m Adjacent
(~35 dB Separation
ACCPR) (~45 dB ACCPR)

Active Mobile Units 18

 Adjacent Channel Reuse Effects
-Other Scenarios
ACCPR (dB) ACCPR (dB)

25 35 45 25 35 45
Power Power
Do P G Law P G Law Po Rs Rint Rint Rint Po Rs Rint Rint Rint
(m) (dBm) (dBi) Exp (dBm) (dBi) Exp (dBm) (m) (m)* (m)* (m)* (dBm) (m) (m)* (m)* (m)* Notes
Case I 1 30.00 2.15 3.00 30.00 2.15 4.00 -14.00 137 86 40 19 -14.00 40 28 16 9 AP to Mobile
Case II 1 30.00 2.15 4.00 30.00 2.15 4.00 -14.00 40 28 16 9 -14.00 40 28 16 9 Mobile to Mobile
Case III 1 30.00 2.15 3.00 20.00 0.00 4.00 -14.00 137 86 40 19 -26.00 18 14 8 5 AP to Portable
Case IV 1 30.00 2.15 4.00 20.00 0.00 4.00 -14.00 40 28 16 9 -26.00 18 14 8 5 Mobile to Portable
Case V 1 20.00 0.00 4.00 20.00 0.00 4.00 -26.00 18 14 8 5 -26.00 18 14 8 5 Portable to Portable
Desired Undesired Desired Undesired

* To 2.15 dBi Receiver

Colocated AP Case
Results for
Talk-In Interference Distance Talk-In Interference Di
longer range
Ratio (Di/Ds) Probability Adjacent cases scale
Channel
ACCPR (dB) ACCPR (dB) Undesired proportionally
25 35 45 25 35 45
n=3 0.58 0.27 0.13 19% 5% 1% with the
n=4 0.67 0.38 0.21 25% 8% 2%
previous slides
Ds
Desired

19
 Adjacent Channel Reuse Effects

All of the Masks Can Support

a Cellular Reuse Pattern.
A Co- and Adjacent channel
cannot be simultaneously
active in service area without
interference (near far problem
again).
However, note that the
802.11a MAC senses the
environment before
802.11a/j
transmitting, therefore FCC
and
interference is either DSRC-A
imperceivable, or is seen
only as reduced throughput.

20
 Adjacent Channel Reuse Effects

FCC Mask - Pro:

Adjacent channel users
Can get ~30 feet closer when
active. NOT A BIG DEAL!

FCC Mask Con:

Inability to use 802.11a-based
standards

Inability to leverage the wider commercial

market to reduce equipment costs.

Creation of a niche broadband Public Safety

market, which stifles innovation and limit
access to new technologies and capabilities. Active Mobile Units

21
 Recommendations

Petition for Reconsideration on the mask issue

May still allow a tighter mask on the outer channels (10-1 MHz
channels) in order to protect Navy and RA operations
These will not see a scaled 802.11 OFDM anyway

Propose that the FCC use the 802.11a/j & DSRC-a

masks instead
Does not limit our technology options
Reserve the right to impose a tighter mask (e.g. DSRC b/c/d) at the
RPC level - for cases where interference becomes an issue

22