Sub : Elementary Structural Design

NAME ENROLL NO.

Patel Jimi 131100106029
Patel Milind 131100106035
Patel Nirmal 131100106036
Patel Viraj 131100106040
Patel Yash 131100106042 GUIDED BY: Prof. Sunil Jaganiya
Shah Ashit 131100106051 Prof. Pritesh Rathod
There are two types of lacing system.
1. Single lacing system
2. Double lacing system

The compression member comprising two main components laced and tied should,
where practicable, have a radius of gyration about the axis perpendicular to the plane
of lacing not less than the radius of gyration at right angles to that axis.

The lacing system should not be varied throughout the length of the strut as far as
practicable.

Cross (except tie plates) should not be provided along the length of the column with
lacing system, unless all forces resulting from deformation of column members are
calculated and provided for in the lacing and its fastening.

The single-laced systems on opposite sides of the main components should preferably
be in the same direction so that one system is the shadow of the other.

Laced compression members should be provided with tie plates at the ends of the
lacing system and at points where the lacing system are interrupted. The tie plates
should be designed by the same method as followed for battens.
(1) Angle of inclination(): (cl. 7.6.4)
For single or double lacing system,
= 40 to 70 To the axis of the built up member
normally,=45 is taken

(2) Slendernes ratio(kL/r) : (cl. 7.6.5.1)

KL/r for each component of column, should not be gretear than 50.
or
kL/r not greater than 0.7 *most favourable slenderness ratio of the member as a
whole
The slenderness ratio of lacing shall not exceed 145 (cl. 7.6.6.3)
(3) effective length of lacing (le) :
For bolted connection :
For single lacing, le = L
For double lacing, le = 0.7 l
Where, L = distance between the inner end fastner
In welded connection :
Le = 0.7 * distance between the inner ends of welds

(4)width of lacing bars(b) :

minimum width of lacing bar, b = 3d
Where,
D = nominal diameter of bolt
(5) Thickness of lacing (t) : (cl. 7.6.3)

For single lacing, t > Le/40

For double lacing, t > Le/60

(6) Transvers shear (Vt) : (cl. 7.6.6.1)

Vt= 2.5% of the axial force in the
column.
This force shall be divided equally
among the lacing systems in parallel
Planes.
For double lacing
F=Vt/4 sin

Where,
F= axial force in each lacing bar
(7) Check for compressive strength

For lacing using Le/r min and fy = 250 Mpa

Find Fcd from IS: 800, table -9 (c)
For rectangular section buckling class is c.
Compressive load carrying capacity of lacing
Pd = (b * t) * fcd
If (b *t )* fcd > F(axial force n lacing) . OK
b*t = area of lacing
i.e. pd > F . OK


(10) Overlap:
In case of welded connection, the amount of overlap measured along either
edge of lacing bar shall not be less than , four times the thickness of the lacing
bar or the
thickness of the element of main member, whichever is less.
 Compression member can also be built up intermediate
horizontal connecting plates or angle connecting two or four
elements of column .these horizontal connecting plates are called
battens
 The battens shall be placed opposite to each other at each end
of the member and at point where the member is stayed in it length
and as for as practicable , be spaced and proportioned uniformly
throughout.
 The number of battens shall be such that the member is devided
into not less than three bays within its actual length
(IS : 800, cl. 7.2.2, P.51)
(1)The number of battens shall be
such that the member is divided into
not less than three bays.
(2) Battens shall be designed to resist
, simultaneous
 Longitudinal shear
Vb = Vt. C/Ns
And
 Moment
M=Vt.C/2N
Where,
Vt = transverse shear force
C = distance between centre to centre of battens longitudinally .
N = number of parallel planes of battens (2 usually)
S= Minimum transverse distance between the centroid of the bolt/
rivet group / welding.


(6) Effective Depth of battens (de) : (cl 7.7.2.3)
 de > 3/4 *a for intermediate battens
 de > a,. For end batten
 de > 2b , . For any battens
where
de = effective depth of battens
= distance between outermost bolts longitudinally
a = distance between centroid of the main member
b = width of one member
Overall depth of battens
 D = de + (2 * end distance)
(7) transverse shear (Vt) : (cl. 7.7.2.1)
Vt = 2.5 % of the factored axial column load

(8) Ovrlap (cl. 7.7.4.1)

for welded connection, the overlap shall be not less than four
times the thickness of the battens
It should be noted that the battens columns have least resistance
to shear compared to column with lacings
the minimum thickness of rectangular slab bases , supporting columns
under axial compression shall be
 ts =(2.5 w (a2 - 0.3b2) mo/fy) > tf
Where
ts = thickness of slab base
w = uniform pressure below the base
a,b = larger and smaller projection, respectively of slab base beyond
the column
tf = flange thickness of compression member

Design a slab base foundation for a column ISHB 350 to carry a
factored axial load of 1200 KN. Assume fe 410 grade steel and M25
concrete. take safe bearing capacity of soil as 200 kN/m2

Solution :
For steel fe 410 fy = 250 N/mm2
For m 25 concrete, fck = 25 N/mm2
FOR ISHB 350 COLUMN
h= 350 mm
Bf =250 mm
Tf = 11.6mm
Tw= 8.3 mm


 provide 50 mm equal projection all around the column
 width of plate
 Bp = 350 + 50 + 50 = 450 mm
 Dp = 250 + 50 +50 = 350 mm
Use base plate of size 450 mm* 350 mm
 Gross area of base plate provided = 450 * 350 = 157500 mm2

( B ) THICKNESS OF BASE PLATE :

(C) WELD CONNECTING COLUM TO BASE PLATE :
 Use a 6 mm fillet weld all around the colum section to hold the base plate
in position
 total length available for welding along the periphery of ISHB 350 ,
there are 12 ends for ISHB
 DEDUCTION = 12* 2S
=12 * 2 * 6
= 144 mm
 effective length of weld available
= 1683.4 144
= 1539.4
(D) SIZE OF CONCRETE BLOCK :
 Axial load on column =120 kN(factored load)
 Working load =1200/1.5=800kN
 Add 10% as self weight of concrete block =80KN
 Total load =800+80=880 kN
 Area of concrete block required
=Total load /S.B.C. of soil
=880/200
=4.4m2
 Concrete block is designed for working
load
 Consider rectangular concrete block
with equal projection beyond base plate.
 Let, X= projection of concrete block
 Area of concrete block =L*B
4.4=(0.45+2x) *(0.35 + 2x)
4.4=0.1575 + 0.7x +0.9x + 4x2
4x2 + 1.6 x 4.2425 = 0
Solving it, x=0.849 m
Using calculator , say x= 0.85 m
 L=0.45 + 2 * 0.85 = 2.15m
 B=0.35 + 2*0.85 = 2.05m
 Area of concrete block
provide = 2.15 * 2.05
=4.407m2
> 4..4 m2OK
 Assumme angle of
dispersion =45
 Depth of concrete block = d
=x
= 0.85 m
column splice:
A joint when provided in the length of column to get to required length
it I called column splice.
If a column is loaded axially, theoretically no splice is required.
Compression will be transmitted by direct bearing, and column sections
could be rested one on top of each other.
How ever , In practice the load on column is never truely axial and the
real column has to resist bending due to this eccentrically applied load.
In addition , the column may be subjected to bending moments.
Also, the bearing surface of the adjacent sections can never be
machined to perfection.
Design of column spices:
The steps inn the design of splices are:
1. Determine the nature of loads to which the splice is subjected. The splice
may be subjected to axial compressive load, bending moment and shear
force.
2. For axial compressive load the splice plates are provided on the flanges of
the two columns.
if the ends of columns are milled/machined, the splice is designed only to
keep the column in position and to carry tension due to the bending
moment. In this case splice plate is designed to carry 50% of the axial load
and tension due to B.M.

if the ends of column are not milled/machined, the splice and connections
are designed to resist the total axial load and tension, if any.








10. The web splice plates are designed to resist maximum shear force.

11. If packing are provided between the splice plate and column flange
and more than 6mm in thickness, the design shear capacity of the
bolts is reduced as per cl. 10.3.3.3 of IS : 800-2007.

A column section ISHB 250@ 500.3 N/m is carrying a factored load of
600 kN. Design a suitable column splice. Use 16 4.6 grade bolts and
steel of grade Fe 410.
Solution..
For 4.6 grade bolts,
Fub =400 N/mm2
For fe 410 plate fu = 410 N/mm2
fy = 250 N/mm2
 For column ISHB 250 @ 50.3 N/m
bf = 250 mm
tf = 9.7 mm






 Provide pitch = 50 mm
 Edge distance = 1.5 d0 =1.5 *18 =27 mm provide 30 mm
 Depth of splice plate
=(4 * 50) +(4*30)
=320 mm
 Provide splice plate 320*250*6mm 0n column flanges.