TKSCT/ Mechanical Engineering/V semester/ ME6505 Dynamics of Machines

THENI KAMMAVAR SANGAM COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY

KODUVILARPATTI, THENI - 625 534

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

ME6505 DYNAMICS OF MACHINES
PART- A (Questions and Answers)

UNIT II BALANCING

1. What is meant by balancing of rotating masses?

The process of providing the second mass in order to counteract the effect of the
centrifugal force of the unbalanced first mass is called balancing of rotating masses.

2. Why rotating masses are to be dynamically balanced?

If the rotating masses are not dynamically balanced, the unbalanced dynamic force will
cause worse effect such as wear and tear on bearing and excessive vibrations on the machines.

3. What is static balancing and dynamic balancing?

Static balancing:
A system of rotating mass is said to be static balance if the combined mass centre of the
system lies on the axis of rotation.
Dynamic balancing:
A system of rotating masses is in dynamic balance when there doesnt exist any resultant
centrifugal force as well as resultant couple.

4. State the conditions for static and dynamic balancing?

Condition for Static Balancing:
The resultant centrifugal force acting on the shaft must be zero,
F = 0
Condition for Dynamic Balancing:
The resultant centrifugal force acting on the shaft must be zero,
F = 0
The resultant couple due to dynamic force acting on the shaft must be zero.
C = 0

5. State the conditions for complete balance of several masses revolving in different planes of a
shaft? (or)
What are the conditions required for complete balancing of rotating system?
The resultant centrifugal force acting on the shaft must be zero,
F = 0
The resultant couple due to dynamic force acting on the shaft must be zero.
C = 0

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6. Can a single cylinder engine be fully balanced? Why? (Or)
Why complete balancing of reciprocating masses is not possible in a single cylinder engine? (Or)
Why single cylinder engine are not fully balanced? (Or)
Why complete balancing is not possible in reciprocating engine?
No. A single cylinder engine cant be fully balanced.
Because the unbalanced forces due to reciprocating masses remains constant in magnitude
and only a part of reciprocating masses is balanced.

7. Why multicylinder engines are preferred than that of single cylinder engines?
Single cylinder engines are not fully balanced.
But Multi cylinder engines are fully balanced.
So, multicylinder engines are preferred than that of single cylinder engines.

8. Differentiate between the unbalanced force caused due to rotating and reciprocating
masses?
unbalanced force caused due to rotating unbalanced force caused due to
masses reciprocating masses
Complete balancing of revolving mass can Only fraction of reciprocating masses can be
be possible. balanced
The unbalanced force due to rotating masses is The unbalanced force due to reciprocating
constant in magnitude but varies in direction. masses varies in magnitude but constant in
direction.

9. List the effect of partial balancing of locomotives.

1. Variation in tractive force,
2. Swaying couple, and
3. Hammer blow.

10. Define swaying couple.

The unbalanced force acting at a distance between the lines of stroke of two cylinders,
constitute a couple in horizontal direction. This couple is called as swaying couple.

11. Define hammer blow with respect to locomotives.

Hammer Blow:
The maximum magnitude of the unbalanced force along the perpendicular to the line of
stroke is known as hammer blow.

12. What is tractive force with respect to locomotives?

Tractive force:
The resultant unbalanced force along the line of stroke is known as tractive force.
Tractive force = 2 (1-c) m.r.2

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13. What are the effect of hammer blow and swaying couple?
The effect of hammer blow is to cause the variation in pressure between the wheel and the rail,
such that vehicle vibrates vigorously.
The effect of swaying couple is to make the leading wheels sway from side to side.

14. What are different types of balancing machines?

Static balancing machines,
Dynamic balancing machines, and
Universal balancing machines.

15. When is a system said to be completely balanced? (Or)

What are the conditions required for complete balancing of reciprocating parts?
For complete balancing of the reciprocating parts, the following conditions must be fulfilled:
Primary forces must balance, i.e. primary force polygon is enclosed.
Primary couples must balance, i.e. primary couple polygon is enclosed.
Secondary forces must balance, i.e. secondary force polygon is enclosed.
Secondary couples must balance i.e. Secondary couple polygon is enclosed.

16. Explain Primary and secondary balancing:

Primary Balancing:
Primary balancing is the balancing a fraction of primary unbalanced forces of an engine.
Secondary balancing
Secondary balancing is the balancing a fraction of secondary unbalanced forces of an engine.

17. Name the efforts caused by the unbalanced primary force acting along the line of stroke due to
partial balancing of locomotives.
The efforts caused by the unbalanced primary force acting along the line of stroke due to
partial balancing of locomotives are
1. Tractive force and
2. Swaying couple.

18. What is partial balancing?

Partial balancing means balancing partially the reciprocating masses.

19. Why is balancing of rotating parts necessary for high speed engines?
When the rotating masses are not balanced, they produce centrifugal forces. In case of high
speed engines, these centrifugal forces will be high due to high speed of rotation of unbalanced masses
and cause undesirable forced vibration of the machines.

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20. A flywheel has an unbalanced mass of 0.15 kg at a radius of 0.4 m from the axis of rotation.
Calculate the unbalanced force if the shaft rotates at 200 rpm.
Given:
Mass, m = 0.15 kg
Radius of rotation, r = 0.4 m
Speed, N = 200 rpm
To find:
Unbalanced force, F = ?
Solution:
Unbalanced force, F = m. r. 2
2 N 2 200
= = = 20.95 rad/sec
60 60
Unbalanced force, F = m. r. 2
Unbalanced force, F = 0.15 0.4 (20.95)2
Unbalanced force, F = 26.33 N
Result:
Unbalanced force, F = 26.33 N

21. Why balancing is necessary?

When a system is not completely balanced, the inertia forces due to moving parts in the system
are produced. This may results in excessive vibration, noise, wear and tear of the system. So,
balancing is necessary.

Department of Mechanical Engineering

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