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SEDIMENTATION-2
PRIMARY CLARIFIER

Settling in a Tank

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Typical design information for

horizontal-flow grit chamber
Unit Range Typical
Detention Time s 45-90 60
Horizontal Velocity m/s 0.25-0.4 0.3
Settling velocity for removal of
0.21 mm material m/min 1.0-1.3 1.15
0.15 mm material m/min 0.6-0.9 0.75
Headloss in control section as
percent of depth in channel % 30-40 36
Added length allowance for inlet and
outlet turbulence % 25-50 30

PRIMARY CLARIFIER
Objective: remove readily settleable solid
and floating materials, and reduce SS
Used as preliminary step
Achievement: 50-70% BOD, 25-40% SS

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Tipe Clarifier
Rectangular
Circular

Rectangular Clarifier
Use either: chain-and-flight collector or
traveling bridge type collector
Collector made of alloy steel, cast iron,
thermoplastic

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Rectangular Clarifier

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Rectangular Clarifier

Circular clarifier

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Typical Design Information for

Primary Sedimentation Tank

Item Unit Range Typical

Detention time h 1.5-2.5 2.0
Overflow rate
Average flow m3/m2.d 30-50 40
Peak hour flow m3/m2.d 80-120 100
Weir loading m3/m.d 125-500 250

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Typical Dimensional Data

Item Unit Range Typical
Rectangular
Depth m 3-4.9 4.3
Length m 15-90 24-40
Width m 3-24 4.9-9.8
Flight speed m/min 0.6-1.2 0.9
Circular
Depth m 3-4.9 4.3
Diameter m 3-60 12-45
Bottom Slope mm/mm 1/16 1/6 1/12
Flight speed r/min 0.02-0.05 0.03

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BOD & TSS Removal

=
+
R= expected removal efficiency
t= nominal detention time
a,b= empirical constant

Item a b
BOD 0.018 0.020
TSS 0.0075 0.014

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Scour velocity
To maintain re-suspension (scouring) of settled particle, horizontal
velocities through the tank must be kept low. The formula for the
critical velocity is:
1/2
8 1
=

VH=critical horizontal velocity

k= constant that depend on the type of material
s= specific gravity of the particle
g= gravity
d= diameter of particle
f=darcy weisbach friction factor

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Contoh 1
Design Aerated Grit Chamber

Design an aerated grit chamber for the treatment of

industrial wastewater. The average flowrate is 0.5m3/s.
Peak flowrate is 2.75 times than the average flowrate. Two
chambers could be considered flow the design

Step by Step Solution:

1. Establish the peak flowrate
2. Determine the grit chamber volume
3. Determine the dimension
4. Determine the detention time at average flow
5. Determine the air supply requirement
6. Estimate the quantity of grit at a peak flow

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Typical design information for

aerated grit chamber
Unit Range Typical
Detention time at
peak flow rate min 2-5 3
Dimensions:
Depth min 2-5
Length min 7.5-20
Width min 2.5-7
Width-depth ratio ratio 1:1 -5:1 1.5:1
Length-width
ratio ratio 3:1 - 5:1 4:1
Air supply per
unit of length m3/m.min 0.2-0.5
Grit quantities m3/103m3 0.004-0.29 0.0015

Contoh 2
Desain Primary Sedimentation Tank
The average flowrate of small municipal wastewater
treatment plant is 20,000m3/d. The highest observed peak
daily flowrate is 50,000m3/d. Design rectangular primary
clarifier with channel width of 6 m. Use minimum 2
clarifiers. Calculate the scour velocity, to determine if
settled material become resuspended. Estimate the BOD
and TSS removal at average and peak flow. Use an
overflowrate 40m3/m2.d at average flow and side water
depth of 4 m.

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Step by step solution

1. Calculate surface area
2. Determine the tank length
3. Compute the detention time and overflow rate at average flow.
4. Determine the detention time and overflow rate at peak flow
5. Calculate the scour velocity (k=0.05, s=1.25, g=9.81, d=100m,
f=0.025
6. Compare scour velocity and an peak hour velocity
7. Estimate the removal rates for BOD and TSS at average and peak
flow

Table 1 Table 2 BOD Scour

UTS
Soal: Essay
Sifat: OPENBOOK
No mobile phone, calculator only!

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