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2
1) Diagram 1 shows the changes of state for matter X, Y and Z of naphthalene.

Diagram 1

a) State the type of particle found in naphthalene.

___________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]

b) What is the physical state that labelled as Y?

__________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]

c) When naphthalene changes from state Z to state Y, state the changes occur in
i) the attraction force between particles,

[1marks]

ii)the speed of the particles movement.

[1 mark]

d)i) Name the process that occurs when naphthalene changes from state X to state Y.

__________________________________________________________________________
[1mark]
ii) State whether heat is absorbed or released during the change in 1 (d)(i).

___________________________________________________________________________
[1mark]

e) The smell of perfume that is sprayed on a persons body spreads out of the room. Based on
kinetic theory of matter, state the process that happened. Explain you answer.

___________________________________________________________________________
[3marks]

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2) Table 2 shows the proton numbers, nucleon numbers and the number of neutrons of
several elements.

Elements Proton number Nucleon number Number of neutrons

P 6 12 6
Q 7 14
R 6 7
S 8 16 8
T 5 11 6
Table 2
a) Complete the Table 2 above. [2marks]

b) What is the number of electrons of R and T?

[2marks]

c) What is the number of valence electrons of P?

[1mark]

d) Draw the atomic structures of atoms:

i) Q

ii) S

[2marks]

e)(i) Determine the isotope pairs from Table 2.

[1mark]
(ii) Give a reason for your answer in (f)(i)

[1mark]

3a) What is the meaning of empirical formula?

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 [1mark]

b) Diagram 3.1 shows an incomplete equation which is one of the steps involved in
determining the empirical formula.
Complete this equation.

Mass _____ = ___________________________________

Relative atomic mass

Diagram 3.1 [1mark]

c) Diagram 3.2 shows the apparatus set-up for two methods use to determine the empirical
formula of two compounds.

Method I Method II

Diagram 3.2

i) Which method is suitable to be used to determine the empirical formula of magnesium

oxide?

___________________________________________________________________________
[1mark]
ii)Why did you choose the method in 3(c)(i) ?

___________________________________________________________________________
[1mark]

iii)When carrying out an experiment using Method I, why does the crucible lid need to be
opened once in a while?
___________________________________________________________________________
[1mark]

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d) Diagram 3.3 shows the results for an experiment to determine the empirical formula of
lead oxide.

Mass of combustion tube = 64.00g

Mass of combustion tube + lead oxide = 117.52g
Mass of combustion tube + lead = 113.68g

Diagram 3.3

Based on Diagram 3.3, determine the values of the following :

[Relative atomic mass : O=16, Pb =207]

i) Mass of lead

=______________________________g [1mark]

ii) Number of moles of lead

=______________________________mol [1mark]

iii) Mass of oxygen

=______________________________g [1mark]

iv) Number of moles of oxygen

=______________________________mol [1mark]

v) Empirical formula of lead oxide

=______________________________ [1mark]

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4) Diagram 4 shows part of the Periodic Table of Elements.

Diagram 4

Based on Diagram 4:
a)(i) State one element which is a metal.

___________________________________________________________________________
[1mark]
ii) Which group and period is the metal in 3(a)(i) found in?

Group :____________________________________________________________________

Period :____________________________________________________________________
[1mark]

b(i) State the element that exists as monoatomic gas.

__________________________________________________________________________
[1mark]
(ii) Explain why this gas is monoatomic.

[2marks]
c)Sodium reacts with oxygen gas to form sodium oxide, Na2O.
i) Write a balanced chemical equation for this reaction.

___________________________________________________________________________
[2marks]
ii)Sodium reacts with water to produce a solution.
In Table 4, mark ( / ) in the box which shows the value of pH of the solution.

pH value
4 7 11

Table 4 [1mark]
d) State which is more electronegative, sodium or chlorine.
Explain your answer.

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 [2marks]
5) Diagram 5 shows the symbols of the atoms of elements magnesium and chlorine.

Diagram 5

(a) Magnesium reacts with clorine to form magnesium chloride compound with formula
MgCl2.
(i) Write the formulae of all ions in magnesium chloride.

___________________________________________________________________________
[1mark]
(ii) Explain how each of these ions formed.

___________________________________________________________________________
[2marks]

(iii) Name the force that exists between these ions in the compound.

[1mark]
b) Chlorine exists as a diatomic gas at room temperature.
(i) State the type of chemical bond in the chlorine gas.

___________________________________________________________________________
[1mark]
(ii) Explain why this gas is diatomic.

___________________________________________________________________________
[2marks]

(iii) Draw a Lewis structure to show the formation of magnesium chloride.

[2marks]
(iv) Draw the electron arrangement of the magnesium chloride.

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 [2marks]

6) Table 6 shows some physical properties of three substances, F, G and H.

Electrical conductivity in the state of

Substance Melting point (0C)
Solid Liquid Gas
F No No No -95
G No No No 81
H No Yes Yes 801
Table 6

(a)(i) State the types of structure and bonding of substance H.

Structure:

___________________________________________________________________________

Bonding:

___________________________________________________________________________
[2marks]

(ii) Explain why substance H has a high melting point.

___________________________________________________________________________
[2marks]

(b) State how the bonds are formed in

i) substance G

ii)substance H

___________________________________________________________________________
[2marks]

(c) Explain why substance F does not conduct electricity in all states.

___________________________________________________________________________
[1marks]
(d) Based on the information in Table 6, fill in the following blanks.

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Substance ____________ is soluble in water. Substance ________ and __________ are
insoluble in water.
[3marks]
Section B (20 marks).
Answer any one question from this section.
The suggested time to answer Section B is 30 minutes.

7. (a) Diffusion process is an evidence showing the existence of particles and matter.
(i) State the meaning of diffusion. [2marks]
(ii) With the aid of an appropriate diagram, discuss in brief how to show diffusion process
in liquid. [6marks]
(iii) Explain why diffusion process in gas happened faster rather than in liquid. [2marks]

(b) Table 7 shows the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons present in atom Q and
atom X. The letters used are not the actual symbols of the atoms.

Atom Number of protons Number of neutrons Number of electrons

Q 11 12 11
X 17 18 17

(i) State the term for the the total number of protons and neutrons in an atom. [1mark]
(ii) Name the two subatomic particles present in the nucleus of an atom. [2marks]
(iii) Draw the electron arrangement of Q ion. [1mark]

(c)(i) Atom Y is an isotope of atom X.

State the number of protons in atom Y. [1mark]
(ii)Atom X and atom Y show the same chemical properties. State one reason. [1mark]
(iii)Write the element X in the form of standard representation. [1mark]

(d)(i)Element X has a boiling point of -34.0oC.

Predict the physical state of element X at room temperature. [1mark]
(ii)Based on the kinetic theory of matter, describe the arrangement and movement of
particles of element X at room temperature. [2marks]

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8. a) Diagram 8 shows the empirical formula and the molecular formula of glucose.

Empirical formula Molecular formula

CH2O C6H12O6
Diagram 8

i) Name the elements that made up glucose. [2marks]

ii) Compare the empirical formula with the molecular formula of glucose. [4marks]
iii) Calculate the relative molecular mass of glucose.
[Relative atomic mass: H=1, C=12, O=16] [1mark]

b) A hydrocarbon Q contains 85.71% of carbon and 14.29% of hydrogen by mass. Relative

molecular mass of Q is 56.
Determine the empirical formula and molecular formula of hydrocarbon Q.
[Relative atomic mass: H=1, C=12]
[6marks]
c)The chemical equation below shows the complete combustion of pentane in excess oxygen.
C5H12 + 8O2 5CO2 +6H2O
i) State the reactants and the products. [2marks]
ii) Describe the quantitative relationship between the reactants and the products. [2marks]
iii)Calculate the maximum volume of carbon dioxide gas produced when 10.8g of pentane is
burnt completely in room temperature and pressure.
[Relative atomic mass: H=1, C=12, Molar volume 24dm3mol-1] [3marks]

Section C (20 marks).

Answer any one question from this section.
The suggested time to answer Section C is 30 minutes.

9. a)Diagram 9 shows a series of reactions for an element in Group 1 of the Periodic Table.

Group 1 Compound Compound

Burnt in oxygen Dissolved in water
element L M

Diagram 9

(i) Name one Group 1 element that has less than four electron shells. Write its electron
arrangement. [2marks]
(ii) Based on the answer in 9(a)(i), describe and write a balanced chemical equation for the
reaction with oxygen to form compound L.
Draw a labelled apparatus set-up to carry out the reaction in the laboratory. [6marks]
(iii)Name compound M when compound L is dissolved in water.
State the colour changes of phenolphthalein indicator when is added into compound M.
[2marks]

(b) Elements of sodium, aluminium and silicon in Period 3 of the Periodic Table react with
oxygen to form oxide respectively.
Construct a table to show the solubility of these oxides in nitric acid and sodium

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 hydroxide respectively. State the properties change of these oxides when going across
Period 3 of the Periodic Table. [10marks]

10.
(a) Diagram 10 shows a flow chart when substance C is dissolved in two different solvent,
water and solvent D, and the properties of solutions formed.

Substance C

Solution E Solution F
Can conduct electricity Cannot conduct electricity

Change the colour of litmus paper Does not change the colour of litmus paper

Diagram 10
i) Suggest substance C and solvent D.
[2marks]

ii) Explain the differences in properties between solution E and solution F.

[4marks]

(b)Element X reacts with oxygen to form a compound. The compound formed does not
conduct electricity in all conditions.
State the name of element X and the type of bond formed in the compound.
Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction. [4marks]

(c)Table 10 shows the proton number of elements P, Q, R and S.

Element P Q R S
Proton number 6 8 19 20
Table 10

Based on Table 10, choose two elements that form a compound with a high melting point
and a high boiling point.
Explain how the compound is formed and draw the electron arrangement for the
compound.
[10marks]

Marking scheme for Form 4

12
Paper 2 Mid Year Exam 2015.

No Answer Marks
1a) molecule 1
b liquid 1
c(i) Becomes stronger 1
ii Becomes slower 1
d(i) melting 1
ii absorbed 1
e Diffusion process occurred. This is because the movement of particles of 3
perfume between the space of air particles from high concentration to a
lower concentration
9marks
2a) Q:7 R:13 2
b R:6 T:5 2
c 4 1
d(i)

2
ii

e(i) P and R 1
ii P and R have the same proton number but different nucleon number 1
9marks
3a) The chemical formula that shows the simplest ratio of the number of atoms 1
of every element that forms the compound
b) Mol 1
c(i) Method I 1
ii Magnesium is more reactive than hydrogen 1
iii To enable air to enter the crucible for magnesium to react with, to produce 1
magnesium oxide.
d(i) 49.68 1
(ii) 0.24 1
(iii) 3.84 1
(iv) 0.24 1
(v) PbO 1
10marks
4(a) X/U/Y 1
(i)
(ii) Group 1Period 3/ Group 2Period 2/ Group 13Period 3 1
b(i) W 1
(ii) W atom has achieved a stable octet electron arrangement. The atom cannot 2
donate, receive or share electrons with other atom.

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c(i) 4Na + O2 2Na2O 2
ii pH 11 1
d Chlorine. 2
Because chlorine atom has a higher tendency to receive electrons.
10marks
5(a) Mg2+ , Cl- 1
(i)
ii Magnesium atom with electron arrangement of 2.8.2 will donate 2 valence 2
electrons to form Mg2+ ion.
Chlorine atom with electron arrangement of 2.8.7 will receive 1 valence
electrons to form Cl- ion.
iii Electrostatic forces. 1
b(i) Covalent bond 1
ii Chlorine atom with the electron arrangement of 2.8.7 needs 1 more 2
electrons to achieve a stable octet electron arrangement.
2 chlorine atoms will contribute 1 electron respectively to be shared.
Thus, diatomic molecule, Cl2 is produced when single covalent bond is
formed between 2 atoms of chlorine.
iii 2

iv 2

11marks
6(a) Structure: Ions are arranged in crystal lattice structure. 2
(i) Bonding: Ionic bond
ii Electrostatic forces between ions with different charges are strong. Thus, 2
heat required to overcome the forces is high.
(b)(i) Share electrons 1
ii Transfer electrons 1
c No free moving ions 1
d H,F,G 3
10marks
7(a) Process of particles movement through empty spaces between matter of 2
(i) particles from a highly concentration area to lowly concentration area.
ii 6

14
 -a beaker is filled with 100cm3 of water.
-then, several small pieces of copper(II) sulphate crystals is put into the
beaker without stirring it.
-the content of the beaker is left for a few hours.
-after that, we can observe that the water in the beaker changes to blue
colour because of the diffusion.
iii Gas particles have more energy and move faster as compared to liquid 2
particles,. Moreover, there are more empty spaces between gas particles
compared to liquid particles.
(b)(i) Nucleon number 1
ii Neutron and proton 2
iii 1

(c)(i) 17 1
ii Same number of valence electrons 1
iii 1

(d)(i) Gas 1
ii Arrangement of particles is far apart. 2
Movement of particles is move randomly.
20marks
8(a) Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen 2
(i)
ii -Both formulae shows that glucose molecule is made up of elements 4
carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
-Empirical formula shows the simplest ratio of C : H : O in glucose is 1:2:1
that is 1 carbon atom with 2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom combine
together to form a glucose molecule.
-Molecular formula shows the actual number of atoms of elements in
glucose molecule, that is 6 carbon atoms with 12 hydrogen atoms and 6
oxygen atoms are combine together to form a glucose molecule.
iii Relative molecular mass of glucose 1
=6(12)+12(1)+6(16)
=180

b Element C H 6
Mass(g) 85.71 14.29
Number of moles 85.71/12=7.1425 14.29/1=14.29
Simplest ratio 7.1425/7.1425=1 14.29/7.1425=2

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 Empirical formula: CH2
Given (CH2)n = 56
(12+2)n = 56
n =4
Molecular formula : C4H8
c(i) Reactants: Pentane and oxygen 2
Products : Carbon dioxide and water
ii 1mole of pentane is burnt completely in 8 moles of oxygen gas to produce 2
5 moles of carbon dioxide gas and 6 moles of water.
iii Number of mole of C5H10 3
=10.8/5(12)+12(1)
=0.15mole

Number of mole of CO2

=0.15X5
=0.75mole

Volume of CO2
=0.75 x 24
=18dm3
20marks
9(a) 2
(i) Element Electron arrangement
Lithium 2.1
Sodium 2.8.1
(any one)
ii -lithium burns in oxygen to form lithium oxide 6
4Li +O2 2Li2O
-Sodium burns in oxygen to form sodium oxide.
4Na + O2 2Na2O
(Based on the previous answer)

iii Lithium hydroxide/ sodium hydroxide 2

(based on the previous answer)
Colourless to pink
b 10
Solubility in
Oxide
Nitric acid Sodium hydroxide
Sodium oxide Soluble Not soluble
Aluminium oxide Soluble Soluble
Silicon dioxide Not soluble Soluble
Across a period from left to right, the oxide changes from basic oxide
(sodium oxide) to amphoteric oxide (aluminium oxide) then to acid oxide

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 (silicon dioxide)
20marks
10a(i) Substance C: Hydrogen chloride 2
Solvent D: Benzene
ii When hydrogen chloride ionises in water, free moving hydrogen and 4
chloride ions are formed to conduct electrisity.
The presence of hydrogen ions in the solution shows acidic properties.
Hydrogen chloride cannot ionises in benzene. Natural molecules cannot
conduct electricity.
No hydrogen ions are present to show acidic properties.
b Element X: Carbon 4
Type of bond formed:Covalent bond
Chemical equation: C+O2CO2

c Element Q and S react to form an ionic compound with a high melting 10

point.
The electron arrangement of atom S and atom Q are 2.8.8.2 and 2.6
respectively.
Atom S donates 2 electrons to atom Q to attain a stable octet electron
arrangement and form S2+ion.
Atom Q gain 2 electrons from atom S to attain a stable octet electron
arrangement and formed Q2- ion.
Oppositely charged S2+ and O2- ions are attracted by strong electrostatic
forces.

20marks

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