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Simulations are also performed to detect
abnormal conditions like
Formation of hydrates due to fall in Pressure & Temperature.
Fall in temperature below Hydrocarbon or Water- Dew Point.
Flashing of liquids across Control Valves or Drain Valves, etc.
Condensation Of Vapors due to cooling.
Latent heat data required at relieving conditions (Temperature And
Pressure) for Safety Valve Sizing calculations.
Time behavior of inventory streams during Depressurization.
Minimum temperatures during Venting from High Pressure To
Atmosphere, which may affect material selection upstream or
downstream of vent valve (inclusive).
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DYNAMIC SIMULATION
It is an extension of steady-state process simulation
whereby time dependence is built into the model.
It requires increased calculation time and is
mathematically more complex than a steady state
simulation.
For process design, it is used for operator training and
optimum process control.
It is used to study the response of the process to
sudden changes in operating conditions.
In dynamic process design simulators, the key
operating conditions are maintained using simple PID
(Proportional, Integral and Derivative) controllers.
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Major Steps Involved In Development
Of Steady State Process Simulation
Use of this simulation software for chemical
processing involves the following steps:
Selection of components
Selection of a thermodynamic properties package
Construction of a flow sheet
Specification of known stream and unit
compositions and conditions
Running the simulation program
Interpretation of the results
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In many cases, simulation results DO NOT
reflect what is really happening in a plant
Why
Improperly selected thermodynamic models
Inadequate model parameters
Incorrect hypothetical components generation
Problems with plant data consistency
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Recommended Property Methods
Type Of System Aspen Recommended Property Method
TEG Dehydration PR
Sour Water PR, Sour PR
Cryogenic Gas Processing PR, PRSV
Air Separation PR, PRSV
Atm Crude Tower PR, PR Options, GS
Vacuum Tower PR, PR Options, GS (<10 mm Hg), Braun K10, Esso K
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Some Commonly Used Property
Methods
Peng-Robinson (PR) model is ideal for VLE calculations
as well as calculating liquid densities for hydrocarbon
systems.
PR property package rigorously solves any single-, two-,
or three-phase system with a high degree of efficiency
and reliability and is applicable over a wide range of
conditions:
Temperature Range > -271C or -456F
Pressure Range < 100,000 kPa or 15,000 psia
For Oil, Gas, or Petrochemical applications, the PR EOS is
the generally recommended property package.
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Some Commonly Used Property
Methods
SRK (Soave-Redlich-Kwong ) model provides
comparable results to PR, but its range of
application is significantly more limited:
Temperature Range > -143C or -225F
Pressure Range < 5,000 psia or 35,000 kPa
SRK EOS should not be used for non-ideal
chemicals such as alcohols, acids or other
components. These chemicals are more
accurately handled by the Activity Models (highly
non-ideal) or the PRSV EOS (moderately non-
ideal)
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