CONCISE OF EQUATIONS PHYSIOLOGY

FLUID DISTRIBUTION AND EDEMA

EQUATION NOTES
Starling equation Qf=k[(Pc+if)-(Pif+c)] Positive value indicates:
If= interstitial oncotic Net filtration.
pressure. Negative value indicates:
c= vascular oncotic Absorption.
pressure.
Pc= capillary hydrostatic
pressure.
Volume of distribution V=A/C V= volume of distribution
A= amount of tracer
C= concentration of tracer
Blood volume BV=PV/1-HCT Blood volume can be
estimated by taking 7% of
the body weight in Kgs.

CARDIOLOGY EQUATIONS

EQUATION NOTES
Stroke volume SV=EDV-ESV
Ejection fraction EF=SV/EDV Should be greater than
55% in a normal heart.
Cardiac output CO=(HR)(SV) or VO2: Oxygen consumption
CvO2: Total venous
CO=VO2/CaO2-CvO2 oxygen content
(another way to calculate CaO2: Total arterial
C.O with Fick equation) oxygen content
Mean arterial pressure MAP=COxTPR or
MPA= 2/3DBP+1/3SBP
SVR SVR= MAP-CVP/CO
Poiseuille equation Q=P1-P2/R Q= flow
R= Resistance
Resistance R=P1-P2/Q
Afterload A.L= TPR/SVR
Pulse pressure PP=SBP-DBP
Oxygen consumption VO2=C.Ox(CaO2-CvO2)
Flow(Q) Q=O2
consumption/PvO2-PaO2
Cardiac index C.I= C.O/Body surface
rea
 Oxygen delivery O.D= QxCaO2
RESPIRATORY EQUATYONS AND CAPACITIES

EQUATION/CAPACITY NOTES
Functional residual FRC=E.R+Residual
capacity FRC volume
Inspiratory capacity I.C=I.R+Tidal volume Tidal volume (T.V):
volume of air that enter or
leave the nose or mouth
per breath.
Vital capacity V.C= I.R+T.V+E.R Volume of air I can
exchange with the
environment
Total lung capacity (TLC) TLC= T.V+I.R+E.R+R.V Is the sum of all volumes
Total ventilation (VE) VE=T.VxRR T.V: tidal volume
RR: respiratory rate
Normal values of VE
would be: 7,5lts/min
Alveolar ventilation (VA) VA= (T.V-VD)xRR V.D:dead space
RR: respiratory rate
Transpulmonary pressure TPP=IPP-OP IPP: intrapleural pressure
(TPP) OP: oxygen pressure
Should always be
positive; which prevents
from alveolar collapse
(Atelectasis)
Lung compliance L.C= Tidal volume/IPPbi- IPPbi: intrapleural
IPPai pressure before
inspiration.
IPPai: after inspiration.
Oxygen inspiratory PiO2=FiO2 (Patm-PH2O) FiO2: normally 0.21 (21%)
pressure Patm: 760mmHg
PH2O: 47mmHg
Oxygen arterial pressure PAO2= (Patm-47)xFiO2- RQ: is the respiratory
(PaCO2/RQ) Exchange ratio 0.8 always
Carbon dioxide arterial PACO2= metabolic CO2 V.N: 40mmHg
pressure production/Alveolar
ventilation VA
A-a gradient A-a= Age+4/4 A widening of the A-a
gradient indicates alveolar,
interstitium, or lung
capillary damage.
 RENAL PHYSIOLOGY

EQUATION NOTES
Excretion rate E.R: (F.R-R.R)+S.R F.R: filtration rate
R.R: reabsorption rate
S.R: secretion rate
Serum Osm sOSM: V.N: 270-290
2(Na)+glucose/18+BUN/2.8
Filtration fraction F.F:GFR/RPF GFR: glomerular filtration
rate.
RPF: renal plasma flow.
V.N: 20% or 0.2
Glomerular filtration rate GFR: F.FxRPF In a young healthy adult
the normal value is:
120ml/min or 180lts/day
Net filtration pressure NFP:Pgc-gc-Pbs-bs Pgc: hydrostatic pressure
of glomerular capillary.
gc: oncotic pressure of
glomerular capillary.
Pbs: Hydrostatic pressure
of bowman space
bs: Oncotic pressure of
bowman space.
V.N= 13mmHg
Net transport rate NTR: (GFRxPx)-[(Ux)(V)] Ux: urine concentration of
the substance.
Px: free concentration of
the substance.
Filtered load F.L: GFRxPx
Excretion rate E.R: (Ux)(V) V: urine flow rate
Clearance E.R/Px
Free water clearance Ch2o: V-(Uosm)(V)/Posm. Uosm: urine osmolality.
Posm: plasma osmolality.
Transtubular potassium TTKG: If TTKG is low the
gradient [(Uk)(Posm)/(Uosm)(Pk)] problem is in the kidney
otherwise if is high the
problem is with
aldosterone.
FeNa FeNa:
[(UrineNa+Pcr)/PNa+Ucr]
(100)
 ACIDE-BASE ALTERATIONS

EQUATION NOTES
Predicted PaCO2 PPaCo2: (1.5xHCO3)+8 The patients PaCO2
(Winters equation) should be within 2(+/-) of
this predicted value; and if
so, then respiratory
compensation has ocurred.
Expected PaCO2 EPaCO2: (0.7xrise in Shoul not exceed
HCO3)+40 55%mmHg
Plasma anion GAP PAG: Na-(CL+HCO3)
Urine anion GAP UAG: (Na+K)-Cl Has tobe calculated in non-
Anion GAP acidosis and if
is:
a) Ne-GUT-ive (-) (the
problem is in GUT)
b) PEE-sitive (+) the
problem is the
kidneys.
Henderson-Hasselbach PH: Pk+log
equation [(HCO3)/aPCO2)]