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Graus ASTM
As dimenses de tubos de ao carbono so definidas na norma ASME B36.10 e as dimenses de tubos de ao inoxidvel so definidas na norma ASME B36.19.
As qualidades de material para estes tubos so definidos nas normas ASTM. Estas normas ASTM, definem o processo de fabricao especfico do material e a composio qumica exata dos tubos, conexes e flanges,
atravs de percentagens das quantidades permitidas de magnsio, carbono, nquel, etc, e so indicados pelo "grau".
Por exemplo, um tubo de ao carbono pode ser identificado com o grau A ou B; um tubo de ao inoxidvel com o Grau TP321 ou Grau TP304 etc.
Na tabale abaixo esto mostrados os tipos de ao. Como pode ser notado, o ASTM A105 no tem nenhum grau. s vezes se encontra ASTM A105N ;o "N" no significa grau, mas indica "normalizado" que um tipo de
tratamento trmico, aplicvel apenas para os metais ferrosos com o objetivo de reduzir as tenses internas causadas por tratamentos trmicos, fundio, forjamento, etc.
ASTM Grades
Dimensions from carbon steel pipes are defined in the ASME B36.10 standard, dimensions for stainless steel pipe are defined in the ASME B36.19 standard. The material qualities for these pipes are defined in the
ASTM standards. These ASTM standards, define the specific manufacturing process of the material and determine the exact chemical composition of pipes, fittings and flanges, through percentages of the permitted
quantities of carbon, magnesium, nickel, etc., and are indicated by "Grade".
For example, a carbon steel pipe can be identified with Grade A or B, a stainless-steel pipe with Grade TP304 or Grade TP321 etc..
In the table bellow steel types are indicated. As you may be have noted, ASTM A105 has no Grade. Sometimes ASTM A105N is described; "N" stands not for Grade, but for normalized. Normalizing is a type of heat
treatment, applicable to ferrous
ferrous metals
metals only,
only, with
with the
the purpose
purpose to
toremove
removethe
theinternal
internalstresses
stressesinduced
inducedby
byheat
heattreating,
treating,casting,
casting,forming
formingetc..
etc..
TUBOS (Pipes)
A 106 This specification covers carbon steel pipe for high-temperature service. - AOS CARBONO PARA ALTAS TEMPERATURAS
A 335 This specification covers seamless ferritic alloy-steel pipe for high-temperature service.- TUBOS AO LIGA S/COSTURA FERRTICOS PARA ALTAS EMPERATURAS
A 333 This specification covers wall seamless and welded carbon and alloy steel pipe intended for use at low temperatures.- AOS LIGA PARA BAIXAS TEMP.
Standard specification for seamless, straight-seam welded, and cold worked welded austenitic stainless steel pipe intended for high-temperature and general corrosive service. -AOS
A 312 INOXIDVEIS AUSTENTICOS PARA ALTAS TEMPERATURAS E SERVIO CORROSIVO
ACESSRIOS (Fittings)
A 234 This specification covers wrought carbon steel and alloy steel fittings of seamless and welded construction. - AO CARBONO FORJADO E AO LIGA SEM COSTURA E CONSTRUO SOLDADA
A 420 Standard specification for piping fittings of wrought carbon steel and alloy steel for low-temperature service.- FORJADOS AO CARBONO E AO LIGA BAIXAS TEMP.
A 403 Standard specification for wrought austenitic stainless steel piping fittings. - FORJADOS DE AO INOXIDVEL AUSTENTICO
FLANGES
This specification covers standards for forged carbon steel piping components, that is, flanges, fittings, Valves, and similar parts, for use in pressure systems at ambient and higher-temperature
A 105 service conditions.- FLANGES, VALVULAS E ACESSORIOS FORJADOS PARA SIST. PRESSURIZADOS, TEMP. ALTAS/AMBIENTE.
A182 = This specification covers forged or rolled alloy and stainless steel pipe flanges,
flanges, forged
forged fittings,
fittings, and
and Valves
Valves and
and parts
parts for
for high-temperature service.VALVULAS, FLANGES E ACESSRIOS
high-temperatureservice.
A 182 FORJADOS DE AO INOXIDVEL PARA SERVIO EM ALTAS TEMPERATURAS.
A350 = This specification covers several grades of carbon and low alloy steel forged or ring-rolled flanges, forged fittings and Valves for low-temperature service.FORJADOS E ANEIS
A 350 LAMINADOS DE DIVERSOS GRAUS DE AO CARBONO E AO LIGA PARA SERVIOS EM BAIXAS TEMPERATURAS.
VLVULAS (Valves)
This specification covers carbon steel castings for Valves, flanges, fittings, or other pressure-containing parts for high-temperature service and of quality
A 216 suitable for assembly with other castings or wrought-steel parts by fusion welding.VALVULAS, FLANGES E ACESSRIOS FUNDIDOS P/ALTAS TEMPERATURAS....
This specification covers steel castings, martensitic stainless steel and alloys steel castings for Valves, flanges, fittings, and other pressure-containing
A 217 parts intended primarily for high-temperature and corrosive service.FUNDIDOS DE AO INOXIDVEL MARTENSTICO PARA VALVULAS, FLANGES E ACESSRIOS
This specification covers steel castings for Valves, flanges, fittings, and other pressure-containing parts intended primarily for low-temperature service. VALVULAS, ACESSRIOS E FLANGES
A 352 FUNDIDOS PARA SERVIOS EM BAIXAS TEMPERATURAS.
A182 = This specification covers forged or rolled alloy and stainless steel pipe flanges, forged fittings, and Valves and parts for high-temperature service.VALVULAS, FLANGES E ACESSRIOS
A 182
FORJADOS OU LAMINADOS PARA SERVIOS EM ALTAS TEMPERATURAS.
PARAFUSOS E PORCAS (Bolds & Nuts)
This specification covers alloy and stainless steel bolting material for pressure vessels, Valves, flanges, and fittings for high temperature or high
A 193 pressure service, or other special purpose applications. AO INOX E AO LIGA PARA PARAFUSOS DE VASOS DE PRESSO, VALVULAS, FLANGES E ACESSRIOS PARA ALTAS TEMPERATURAS E
PRESSES E OUTRAS APLICAES ESPECIAIS.
A 320 Standard Specification for Alloy-Steel and Stainless Steel Bolting Materials for Low-Temperature Service. PARAFUSOS DE AO LIGA E INOX BAIXAS TEMPERATURAS.
A 194 A194 = Standard specification for nuts in many different material types. PORCAS EM MUITOS DIFERENTES TIPOS DE MATERIAIS.
AB 19