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Virtual image displays offer numerous human-machine The advantages of a HUD using LBOs projection
interface (HMI) advantages, notably in terms of driver technology as a light source have previously been
safety, since the presentation of imagery within the visual discussed [4]. Principally, the use of laser light sources in
accommodation of the driver enables recognition and LBOs projection system allows the formation of very
action upon information far more quickly than would be saturated, extremely high brightness symbology and
possible using the equivalent head-down configuration. A night-vision images with high efficiency and
succinct demonstration of this advantage was provided by concomitantly low power consumption. The projected
Kiefer and Gellatly [2, 3], who compared the response images have a high contrast, which is particularly
times of a driver when presented with information in both important for automotive HUDs, and it has previously
head-up and head-down configurations. This research been shown [5] that laser speckle can be significantly
resulted in the definition of a HUD benefit time suppressed in the projected image. Finally, the projection
window, illustrated in Figure 1, which starts when the technology is robust and fault-tolerant [6], as required for
eyes would have arrived at a conventional head-down safety-critical information displays.
display (HDD) speedometer and ends when the eyes
would have returned to the road after reading the HDD. In this paper the authors will demonstrate the operation
of, and experimental results obtained from, LBOs full-
colour laser HUD.
2 Holographic Laser Projection Technology holographic display, a dynamically-addressable display
element is required to display the hologram patterns;
LBOs technology represents a revolutionary approach to LBOs system uses a custom-manufactured ferroelectric
the projection and display of information. Unlike other liquid crystal on silicon (LCOS) microdisplay
commercially-available projection technologies, LBOs manufactured by Displaytech, Inc.
projection engine exploits the physical process of two-
dimensional diffraction to form video images. To achieve high image quality a fast microdisplay is used
to display N holograms per video frame within the 40ms
A typical imaging projection system works by displaying temporal bandwidth of the eye, each of which produces an
a desired image Fxy on a microdisplay, which is usually image Fxy exhibiting quantisation noise [5]. If the intensity
sequentially illuminated by red, green and blue light to of the ith displayed image is I Fxy(i )
2
then the time-
form colour. In this case, the microdisplay simply acts to
selectively block (or amplitude modulate) the incident averaged percept over N subframes is
light; after passing through some magnification optics, the 1 N
projected image Fxy appears. Conversely, holographic V xy
N
F (i ) 2
xy (2)
laser projection forms the image Fxy by illuminating a i 1
diffraction (or hologram) pattern huv by laser light of which is noise-free, as illustrated in Figure 3.
wavelength . If the hologram pattern is represented by a
display element with pixel size then the image Fxy formed
in the focal plane of the lens is related to the pixellated
hologram pattern huv by the discrete Fourier transform F [],
and is written as
Fxy =F huv (1)
as shown in Figure 2 below. Hologram Video Subframe Video Frame
N
1
huv = exp juv Fxy = F [huv] V xy
N
F
i 1
(i ) 2
xy