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'UHF'ConnectorTestResults
RealmeasureddatarevealtheUHF(PL259andSO239)connectorshavereallimitations.
TopConnectorsUHFConnectorTestResults
UpdateDecember2016
ThedatapresentedbelowhasmadetheroundsquiteabitinZedThreadsandthelike.Mostfolksgenerallyagreewiththeoverallgeneral
improvementsmadeafterWWIIbysuccessorstotheUHFconnectorslikeN,BNC,etc.SomehavearguedtheselectionofUHFconnector
componentsforthistestarearbitrary,withoutaqualitypedigreeand,hence,putintoquestionthemeasurementsbelow.ItstrueIsimply
pickedfromthedrawerseveryconceivabletypeofUHFadapter,barrel,etc.forthetestssoIagreeitissimplywhatIhadtotest.Thetrends
shownbelowwhilestatisticallysoundshouldaddandincludewhateverconstitutesaqualityUHFconnectorinthe21stcentury.What
thatactuallymeansforaconnectorstandardnolongermaintainedbyanystandardsauthorityisanyonesguess.Iamquitecuriousthough.
Therefore,ifyouhaveamakeandmodelofUHFconnectoryoufeelisTopGunandworthyofaddingtothetestresultsbelow,please
forwardmeinformationImayusetopurchasesomeexamples.WithyourhelpIwillbegladtotestandaddtheseTopShelfUHF
connectorstotheresults.JustunderstandIdoneedyourhelpwithsuggestions.Pleasesendinfotokx4o@hamradio.me.Thanks.Now
backtotheoriginalpost.
Somerealdata
InourfinalinstallmentofteststocomparetheUHFconnectorwithmorerecentofferingsIpresentthegraphsbelowtoanswerthequestionIs
theUHFconnectorinferiortolaterconnectordesigns?
IpresentedtheseresultstomembersofmylocalARAandopenedsomeeyes.Onethinglearnedduringtheextensivediscussionsatthispresentation
washowmaterialsforthePL259,SO239andrelatedconnectorshavechangedovertheyears.
ThebestpointheardatthemeetingwasthesamplingofUHFconnectorsforthesetestswerearguablytoosmalltostatisticallyproveanypoint.I
agreeandaplanforfuturetestswithmanysamplesofeachconnectortypeisintheworks.Fornow,however,youarefreetomakeyourown
conclusionswiththedataaspresentedinthispost.
GraphsofUHFConnectorPerformance
Fivedifferentgraphsareusedbelow:ReturnLoss,MismatchLoss,SWR,InsertionLossandIntrinsic(Heat)Loss.
ReturnLoss(akaS11),SWRandMismatchLossarerelatedtoeachotherandcanbecalculatedfromeachotherwithformulas.NoteIassume
idealcircumstancesinthecalculationofMismatchlosssincethislosscandifferinsomerealworldconditions[3].Inthistest,SWRandReturnLoss
aredirectlymeasuredwithacalibratedVNA.MismatchLossiscalculatedfromReturnLoss.
InsertionLossissimplytheS21measurementsfromtheVNAandindicateshowmuchenergydidnotmakeitthroughtheconnector(s)undertest.
IntrinsicLossisthefinalgraphandiscalculatedasthedifferencebetweenenergybouncedbackfromthetestitem(MismatchLoss)andthatwhich
doesnotmakeitthrough(InsertionLoss).Thisdifferenceismissingenergyandisenergylikelyturnedintoheatviadielectricmateriallosses.
ThemulticolorgraphsshownbelowdetailtheactualvaluesforeachtypeofUHFconnectorplusN,SMA,TNC,andBNCconnectortypes.First,
however,letsexaminethetwogroupsagainsteachotherbecausetheresultsarerevealing.ThefollowinggraphshowsthevariousUHFconnectors
inred,theotherconnectorsinblueandourperfectbaselineinblack
http://www.hamradio.me/connectors/uhfconnectortestresults.html 1/11
3/4/2017 'UHF'ConnectorTestResults
UHFvs.N,SMA,etc.
ThestunningresultisalltheUHFconnectorsinthetesthaveworseperformancethanalltheotherconnectors.Oneimmediateconclusion
concerningUHFconnectorsistheywillfunctionatthesehigherfrequencies,butonemustdecideifusingthePL259orSO239isworthitinanage
whereitsdeficiencieshavebeenmademootbyALLconnectordesignssinceWWII.
Nowletsgetintothecolorfulgraphswhicharethesamedataasabove,butwitheachlineidentifiedtothedeviceundertest.Thefollowingtable
showsthetiestheabbreviationinthegraphstotheitemundertest.
Item Description
Baseline: DirectconnectionoftestcablesusingsuperbSMAs.
SMA: SameasbaselineplustwomoreSMAbarrels.
BNC: TwoSMAtoBNCConvertersplusoneBNCBarrelinbetween.
TNC: TwoSMAtoTNCConvertersplusoneTNCBarrelinbetween.
N: TwoSMAtoNConvertersplusoneNBarrelinbetween.
UHF1Cl: Thisisa1AmphenolModelPL258Barrelwithcleardieletric.
UHF1Wt: Elcheapo1SO239BarrelwithWhitedielectric.
UHF2Cl: A2SO239BarrelwithCleardielectric.
UHF3Cl: ThecombinationoftheAmphenol1andthe2usingaMaleMalejoiner.Itisreallyabout3.5long.
UHFTWt: AUHFTadapterwithtwoSO239andonePL259andWhitedieletric.ThePL259portwasleftopen.
UHFFtCl: A12.5longSO239Barrel.Thisisthethingusedtostickthroughwalls.
OneSMAtoN,thenNtoSO239ConverterdirectlymatedtoonePL259toTNCconverterthenTNCisadaptedtoSMA.Thisisthe
PL/SO: onlynonbarrelUHFconfigurationandpresentsthesmallestandshortestimpedancebumptotheRFsignalofalltheUHF
connectionsundertest.
Note:Clickanygraphbelowtorevealmoredetailouttotheabsurdtestfrequencyof1GHz.NoonewouldeveruseaUHFconnectoratthishigha
frequency,Ihope,buttheresultingpatternsareinterestingnonetheless.
ReturnLossofUHFConnectors
LetusstartourexaminationwithReturnLoss
http://www.hamradio.me/connectors/uhfconnectortestresults.html 2/11
3/4/2017 'UHF'ConnectorTestResults
ReturnLossofVariousConnectors
weseethevariousUHFbarrellengthshavedifferenteffects.ThePL/SOlineissimplyonePL259matedwithoneSO239withaslittleother
interactionaspossible.IndeedthePL/SOperformsthebestoftheUHFbunch.
Beingaratioofincidentenergyvs.reflectedenergy,largerReturnLossvaluesindicatebetterperformance.ItsabitliketheYes,wehaveno
potatoesstatement.Yes,wehavelotsofpowernotreturningtothesource.ThestraightS11measurementmakesmoresense.Thepowerreflected
backis10dBdownfromthepowerappliedmeans1/10thpowerisreflectedbacktothesource.AReturnLoss(orS11)of0dBisawfulasthis
meansALLthepowerisbeingreflectedback(akaasanopenorshortattheendofthetransmissionline).
MismatchLossofUHFConnectors
ThereisanotherwaytolookattheS11data.Whatwereallycareaboutishowmuchsystemlossoccursbecauseofthisreflectedenergy.Thisleads
ustosomethingcalledMismatchLossandisshowninthisgraph
MismatchLossofVariousConnectors
NoteIhaveusedthesimplifiedrelationshipbetweenMismatchLossandthereflectioncoefficient
MisMatchLoss(dB)=10*log(1rho^2)
ThisrelationshipdoesntalwaysholdtrueinnonidealcircumstancesasdiscussedinVK1ODspageaboutMismatchLoss[3].Heremindsusin
somecasesthemismatchlosscanbehigherorlowerthanthegeneralformulasuggests.
Acceptingtheidealsituation,wenowhavesomethingwecanrelateto.Amismatchlossof1dbmeansthat,becauseoftheenergyreflectedbackto
thesource,1dBofenergywillnevermakeittoyourloadifthesourceabsorbsallthereflectedenergy.Theonecasewherethisistrueiswhenthe
transmitterhasanisolatorinline.Itispossible,maybeevenlikely,thesourcewillrereflecttheenergybacktotheload(similartowhathappens
whenyouuseatransmatch).Thetunedladderlinefeederdipoleisanotherexamplewherereflectedenergyisreflectedbacktowardstheantenna.
Lookatthebluelineforthe3SO239barrel.Itmeasuresamaxof1dBlossduetotheimpedancebump.
ItshouldbeinterestingtothereadertheN,SMA,TNCandBNCconnectorsareonthisgraph,butinthethinpastelsmearonthe0dBline.
SWRofUHFConnectors
http://www.hamradio.me/connectors/uhfconnectortestresults.html 3/11
3/4/2017 'UHF'ConnectorTestResults
NowletslookatgoodolSWRofthesamedata
SWRofVariousConnectors
ThisgraphlooksalotlikeMismatchLossdoesntit.Notethebluelineagain.Whatis1dBlossduetoimpedanceissuesshowsasmorethan2.5
SWR.
Intheabovegraphsdidyounoticethegraylineresponseofthe1footlongSO239barrel?Justlikeabrokenanalogclockiscorrecttwiceaday,
soitiswithtransmissionlinesofdifferingimpedancewhentheyare1/2ormultiple1/2wavelengthslong.Withthefirstlowpointfrequencyofthe
footlongbarrelanditslengthyoucancomputethevelocityfactorifyoulike(readerexercise).ThesameholdstruefortheshorterUHFbarrels,but
youwillneedtoclickthe1GHzplotstoseethisbetter.The3barrel(blueplot)1/2wavelengthpointisevidentinthe1GHzplots.
InsertionLossofUHFConnectors
AtlonglastitstimetoshowtheenergythatactuallydidnotmakeitthroughtheconnectorsintheS21test.
InsertionLossofVariousConnectors
TheabovegraphshowsustherealcostofusingUHFconnectors.Beingameasureoftotallosses,itisthecombinationofMismatchlossesplusany
heatinglossesinthedielectricmaterials.
YoufinallycanseesomeimperfectionsintheN,SMA,TNCandBNCconnectors.However,theyallhandilybeateveryUHFcomponent.
HeatLossofUHFConnectors
SohowdowemeasureactualheatinglossofanRFsystem?SeveralfolksintheAmateurRadioworldhavedevisedcleverlaboratoryassembliesto
directlymeasurethisheat.
Mylabdoesnothaveawaytomeasureheatso,instead,IcalculateitassimplythedifferenceofInsertion(Total)LosslessMismatchLoss.Hereit
is
http://www.hamradio.me/connectors/uhfconnectortestresults.html 4/11
3/4/2017 'UHF'ConnectorTestResults
CalculatedIntrinsic(Heat)LossofVariousConnectors
TheUHFconnectorshaveabitmoreheatlossthantheothermodernconnectors,but,letsbehonest,theUHFconnectorsareonparwiththe
modernconnectors.
Thoughts
Whatarewetomakeofallthis?Well,evenwiththisarguablysmallsamplesizeatrendemergessuggestingUHFconnectorshaveinherentdesign
issuesthatwerenicelysolvedbylaterconnectordesigns.Indeed,theselaterdesignswerelikelydevelopedtodirectlysolvetheissuesinUHF
connectors.
UnfairPress
ManysuggesttheUHFconnectorisusableatVHFandUHFfrequencies.Indeeditwillfunction,butwithsome Unfairtosuggestthe
cost.ItislikelycompletelyunfairtosuggesttheUHFconnectorwasdesignedtoworkabove30MHz.Itserved
apurposebeforeWWIIandwillstillworkquitewell,electrically,at30MHzorbelow.50MHzisnottoomuch UHFconnectorwas
ofastretcheither. designedtowork
SometimesDomPerignonTastesBest
above30MHz
AmphenolmaintainstheUHFconnector,withgoodqualitymaterials,willdoquitewellupto300MHz.Note
oneofthetwo1inchUHFbarrelswiththeClear(Cl)dielectricisanAmphenolproductModelnumberPL258.Judgeforyourself.This
AmphenolreferencedoesntseemtounderstandUHFoncemeant30MHz.TherearemanymorereasonstostickwithAmphenolconnectorsand
avoidthe$2products,butlikelynotthisone.
70cmConnectorsonRadios?
SomeclaimsincemobiledualbandradiosusetheSO239connector,itisdesignedtoworkwellatUHFspecificallythe70cmband.Indeed,my
KenwoodTMD710hastheSO239connector.However,didyouknowtheEuropeanversionoftheD710usestheNconnectorforboth2m/70cm
antennajack?Sigh.IhaveapermanentPL259toTNCadapteronmyD710.
MygoodradiohasanNforUHF
AnothergoodexampleradioistheIcom910HwhichusesanNconnectorforthe70cmantennajack.Itseems Whenperformance
whenperformancecounts,theUHFConnectorisnotusedforthemoderndefinitionofUHF.
counts,theUHF
LoveAmericanStyle Connectorisnot
ItwouldseemAmericanhamshavealoveaffairfortheUHFconnectorandare,unfairly,givingitpropertiesit usedforthemodern
mayneverhavehad.Amindblowerforsure.However,tobefair,theUHFconnectorhas,inthepast,beenseen
toworkreasonablywellupto500MHzasshownbyA.B.Crites[1]inhisextensiveanalysisandtestsofvarious definitionofUHF
dielectricmaterialsintheUHFconfiguration.AretheUHFconnectorsinmysamplepoolofthesamequalityas
usedbyCrites?Idontknow,butIsuspectnot.Abetterfundedtestwithlargersamplesetsofvariouscurrentlyavailableofferingsisinorder.
Thistestisidealistic
Inthistestusingideallaboratorygear,theprimarylosscomponentisMismatchLossduetoreflections,notheatloss.Intheeverydayworldthis
reflectedenergymayrereflectfromthesourcetowardstheantennaloadmitigatingtheMismatchLosspenalty.WalterMaxwell,W2DU,says
Contrarytowhatmanybelieve,itisnottruethatwhenatransmitterdeliverspowerintoalinewithreflections,areturningreflected
waveseesaninternalgeneratorresistanceasadissipativeload.Noristhereflectedwaveconvertedtoheatandlost,whileatthesame
timedamagingthefinalamplifier(sic).[2]
Inotherwords,MismatchLossmaynotbeabigdealintypicalstations.
Conclusions
http://www.hamradio.me/connectors/uhfconnectortestresults.html 5/11
3/4/2017 'UHF'ConnectorTestResults
IstheUHFconnectordesignelectricallyinferiortothenewerN,SMA,BNCandTNCdesigns?Ofcourseitisas
theaboveeasilyreproducibletestsreveal.Mostoftheissue,however,isMismatchLosswhichmaynotbea IstheUHF
pressingissueineverydayradiosystems.Notably,theIntrinsicHeatLossisquitesmall.
connectordesign
TheUHFConnectorisbarelynoticeableat50MHzandpracticallyinvisiblebelow30MHz.Noelectromagnetic electricallyinferior
worriesforthesebands. tothenewerN,SMA,
TheUHFconnectorislesssuitableabove144MHz. BNCandTNC
designs?Ofcourse
ThequestionisnotiftheUHFConnectorhasmorelossthanmodernconnectors,butifthislossmattersinyour
system. itis
ByallmeansusethePL259andSO239connectors,butunderstandandacceptthelimitationsasmeasuredandshownabove.Personally,IuseN,
BNCandTNCforanythingabove30MHzplusNandBNCforHFwherepractical.
References
1.AnAnalysisoftheVSWRCharacteristicsofAmphenolSeries83UHFR.F.ConnectorsA.B.Crites,September14,1955
2.Reflections2Chapter2WalterMaxwell,AdaptedfromQST1973
3.MisMatchLossgivenVSWRMismatchLossisoftencalculatedfromVSWR,butwhatdoesitmeanandwhatarethelimitsofits
validity?
Enjoyreadingthesesimilararticles:
EMEonaBudgetPart2
DiamondX50AntennaMeasurements
PrettyLousy?(PL)259Connectors
UHFconnectorimprovements
PL259/SO239ReturnLossandAttenuationTest
UHFBNCNConnectorReturnLossCompared
GoodSourceofCrimpPL259for0.4"CoaxCables
LabTests:SMA,BNC,TNCandNConnectors
AboutJohnHuggins
Johnisanelectricalengineerworkinginastronomyandaerospaceincluding33yearsinantenna/RFdesignwithexperiencemodeling,
manufacturingandmeasuringpast,presentandnewantennaconcepts.
ViewallpostsbyJohnHuggins
Tags:BNC,measurement,N,PL259,SMA,TNC,UHF,UHFconnector
Copyright20112017JohnHuggins
ThisentrywaspostedonMonday,October3rd,2011andisfiledunderConnectors,LabShootouts.YoucanfollowanyresponsestothisentrythroughtheRSS2.0feed.You
canskiptotheendandleavearesponse.Pingingiscurrentlynotallowed.
LabTests:SMA,BNC,TNCandNConnectors
HexbeamGetsaSpine
Comments(14) Login
BobNobisN7RJN 99weeksago +1
Unfortunately,itisabitdifficulttodistinguishbetweensomeofthecolorsonyourgraphs.
Understooditcanbedifficultwithsomanycolors.Pleaseclickonthegraphsforabiggerandbetterviewoutto1GHztoo.Hereisone
example...
http://www.hamradio.me/graphs/connectors/UHFConne...
Tomakeiteasiertocompare,thefirstgraphwithjusttwocolors(redforthe'UHF'andblueforthepostWWIIstyles)
http://www.hamradio.me/wpcontent/uploads/2011/10...
quicklycomparesandclearlyshowshowallthemodernconnectorseasilyperformedmuchbetterthantheUHFvariants.
Folkscandrawtheirownconclusionsfromthedata.
http://www.hamradio.me/connectors/uhfconnectortestresults.html 6/11
3/4/2017 'UHF'ConnectorTestResults
Reply Report
BobNobisN7RJN 99weeksago +1
Thankyou.Yes,Iclickedonthegraphstomakethembigger.Ialsocolorcalibratedmymonitorandprinter.Stilldifficultto100%
distinguishwhichplotiswhich.
Reply Report
Hereistherawdataforthosewhodesiretographforthemselves.
http://www.hamradio.me/graphs/connectors/
ItincludesaminiUHFand,forfun,abananajackaswellasthemoretypicalconnectors.
Reply Report
MikeVE3MIF 99weeksago 0
Iknowthatthey'renotverypopularforamateuruse,butI'mcuriousabouthowtheminiUHFconnectorswouldranksincetheyaresimilarinsize
totheTNCconnector.
IdidtestafewminiUHFconnectors.Electricallytheyseemgood,butmechanicallytheyraisedmyBP.WhenIgotthemtoconnectwell,they
didperformbetterthanthebest'UHF'connectorandalmost,butnotquite,aswellasN,BNC,TNCandSMA.TherealproblemIhadwiththe
miniUHFisgettingthemtomaintainasolidconnectionduringtesting.Theywereverysensitivetomovementonthetestbench.Noother
connector,includingtheseveralUHFtypes,gavemethismuchgrief.Itdidn'ttakelongforthemtoexceedmypatienceasmydesiretofinish
testingexceededmydesiretoincludethem.TheminiUHFreliesontheshellforshieldcontact,justliketheUHFIthinkthatwasthecause
oftheproblem.WeseethemoftenontheMotorolaradiosatwork.I'mnotconvincedtheirdesigneversolvedaproblemnotalreadysolvedby
BNC,TNCandothers.
Reply Report
Iputalltherawdatafilesintoazipfilehere...
http://www.hamradio.me/graphs/connectors/201108...
ItincludesoneplotfortheminiUHF.
Reply Report
AE8TT 81weeksago 0
Blessyou,John,forpostingthefullS21andSWRnumbers.
Reply Report
F800 76weeksago 0
Another"thankyou"fortheeffort.Goodstuff.
Reply Report
VE9ES 49weeksago +1
Thanksforthetestsandwriteup.Whenlookingatvariousmanufacturersspecifications,theydidn'tclaimthattheirUHFconnectorswere50
ohms.Thisisofconcerntomeandmayexplainsomeofthetestresults,regardlessofmanufacturerormaterials.Inmanycases,theywerestatedas
"unknown".Iamnotentirelysurewhy,thoughitisperhapsbydesign.TheSMA,NandBNCspecificationsIhaveseenhaveallstatedadesign
of50ohms.IdowishtheUSversionsofradioscamewiththeNconnectorsfoundonmuchofmymeasurementequipmentmeantforuseabove
HFandsometimesIdreamaboutopeningtheunitandinstallingapanelmountNconnector.
YourobservationtheUHFconnectorfolksdon'tclaima50ohmsurgeimpedanceisspoton.However,theoftenimplieduseabilityatVHFand
UHFfrequenciessuggestsithastofunctionin50ohmsystems.Sotheywon'tclaim50ohms,butdosayitworkswellin50ohmVHF/UHF
http://www.hamradio.me/connectors/uhfconnectortestresults.html 7/11
3/4/2017 'UHF'ConnectorTestResults
systemsconflictingrequirementsataminimum.
Reply Report
KostasSV1QZS 23weeksago 0
IwaswonderinguptowhatextendsuchlossesarealsoevidentonUHFconnectorsattachedattheendofcables(RG58,RG213,etc).Imeasured
a50mlongHyperflex10withmyMiniVNATinyand,especiallyontheUHFband,thelosseswereabout1.5dBworsethanthespecifications
(~5.5dBinsteadof~4.2)whichisasignificantdeviation.IsuspectedtheUHFconnectorsateachendoftheline,althoughtheseareofhigh
quality(waterproofwithbulkbody).But,inanycase,itseemsthatthe'UHF'seriesconnectorsandadaptersisahopelesschoiceforanything
above50MHz,nomatterwhat,althoughthey'repopularforinterconnectionsaroundthehamshack.
Reply Report
lathechuck 6weeksago 0
"UHF"connectorsaren'tdescribedashavinga50ohmimpedancebecausetheysimplydon't.Ifyoulookatatransmissionline,thecharacteristic
impedanceisafunctionoftheratioofdiametersoftheinnerandouterconductors.Thisratioisnotpreservedbythedimensionsofa"UHF"
connector.Thechangeinimpedance,especiallywhensplicingtogethersegmentsofcable,createswavereflections.Theresultsofthesetests
wouldlookentirelydifferent(worse,thatis)if10mcableswereusedbetweenthetestequipmentandtheconnectors.Also,witha5mopenstub
hangingoffoftheopenarmoftheTconnector,you'llseeperiodictransmissionzerosthroughouttheVHFband(tryit!).
ThekeyideahereisnotthatUHFconnectorsarelossyathighfrequenciesbutthattheycreatereflections,whichappearaslosswhenthecables
areshort,andresonanceswhenthecablesarelong."Short"and"long",thatis,withrespecttothewavelengthofthesignalsinuse.
Verilytheculpritismismatchloss.
Reply Report
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