Closure Property Of Real Numbers Addition

Definition Of Closure Property Of Real Numbers Addition

Real numbers are closed with respect to addition and multiplication.
This means:
If you add or multiply real numbers the answer is also real.
Let's go through a couple of examples.

Closure Property of Real Number Addition

The problem 3 + 6 = 9 demonstrates the closure property of real number addition.
Observe that the addends and the sum are real numbers.
The closure property of real number addition states that when we add real numbers to other
real numbers the result is also real.
In the example above, 3, 6, and 9 are real numbers

Closure Property of Real Number Multiplication

The problem 5 x 8 = 40 demonstrates the closure property of real number multiplication.
Observe that the factors and the product are real numbers.
The closure property of real number multiplication states that when we multiply real
numbers with other real numbers the result is also real.
In the example above, 5, 8, and 40 are real numbers.
MORE ABOUT CLOSURE PROPERTY OF REAL NUMBERS - ADDITION
In general, Closure Property states that:
When you combine any two elements of the set the result is also in that set.
Real numbers are closed with respect to addition and multiplication. The examples above
illustrate this.
but....what about subtraction and division? Are real numbers closed under subtraction and
division too?
Well...subtraction of real numbers is closed but division of real numbers is not closed as we
cannot divide by zero. There are situations when we don't get a closed system.
EXAMPLE OF CLOSURE PROPERTY OF REAL NUMBERS ADDITION
Subtraction of natural numbers is NOT closed.
Consider the natural numbers 7 and 8
 7-8=-1
Negative 1 is NOT a natural number
So, closure property doesn't work here.
Therefore, the set of natural numbers is not closed under subtraction.

SOLVED EXAMPLE ONCLOSURE PROPERTY OF REAL NUMBERS

ADDITION
Ques: Determine the set that does not satisfy closure property of addition.
Choices:
A. Real number
B. Irrational numbers
C. Rational numbers
D. Integers
SOLUTION:
Step 1: Here, only the set of irrational numbers does not satisfy closure property of addition.
Step 2: For example, consider the irrational numbers 12 and -12
Step 3: 12 + (-12) = 0 is a rational number.
Step 4: So, the set of irrational numbers does not satisfy the Closure property under addition.
SOLVED EXAMPLE ON CLOSURE PROPERTY OF REAL NUMBER
MULTIPLICATION
Determine whether the set {0, 11, - 11} satisfies closure property with respect to
multiplication.
SOLUTION:
Step 1: 0, 11, and -11 are the elements of the given set {0, 11, - 11}.
Step 2: 0 x 11 = 0 [0 is an element of the set.]
Step 3: - 11 x 0 = 0 [0 is an element of the set.]
Step 4: - 11 x 11 = - 121, not an element of the given set.
Step 5: So, the given set does not satisfy the closure property with respect to multiplication.
Commutative Property
The word "commutative" comes from "commute" or "move around", so the
Commutative Property is the one that refers to moving stuff around. For addition, the
rule is "a + b = b + a"; in numbers, this means 2 + 3 = 3 + 2. For multiplication, the
rule is "ab = ba"; in numbers, this means 23 = 32. Any time they refer to the
Commutative Property, they want you to move stuff around; any time a computation
depends on moving stuff around, they want you to say that the computation uses the
Commutative Property.

Use the Commutative Property to restate "34x" in at least two ways.

They want me to move stuff around, not simplify. In other words, my answer should
not be "12x"; the answer instead can be any two of the following:

43x

4x3

3x4

x34

x43

Why is it true that 3(4x) = (4x)(3)?

Since all they did was move stuff around (they didn't regroup), this statement is
true by the Commutative Property.

Worked examples
Simplify 3a 5b + 7a. Justify your steps.
 I'm going to do the exact same algebra I've always done, but now I have to give the
name of the property that says its okay for me to take each step. The answer looks
like this:

3a 5b + 7a : original (given) statement

3a + 7a 5b : Commutative Property

(3a + 7a) 5b : Associative Property

a(3+7) 5b : Distributive Property

a(10) 5b : simplification (3 + 7 = 10)

10a 5b : Commutative Property

The only fiddly part was moving the " 5b" from the middle of the expression (in the
first line of my working above) to the end of the expression (in the second line). If
you need help keeping your negatives straight, convert the " 5b" to "+ (5b)". Just
don't lose that minus sign!

Examples of the Associative Property for Addition

The picture below illustrates that it does not matter whether or not we add
the 2 + 7 first (like the left side) or the 7 + 5 first, like the right side.
Example 1
Example 2

Example 3: Algebraic

(a + b) + c = a + (b + c) Yes, algebraic expressions are also associative for

addition

Examples of the Associative Property for

Multiplication

Example 4

Example 5
Example 6: Algebraic

(a b) c = (a b) c Yes, algebraic expressions are also associative for

multiplication
The distributive property is one of the most frequently used properties in math.
In general, this term refers to the distributive property of multiplication which
states that the
Definition: The distributive property lets you multiply a sum by multiplying
each addend separately and then add the products.
OK, that definition is not really all that helpful for most people. It is easier to
understand the meaning if you look at the examples below.

Consider the first example, the distributive property lets you "distribute" the 5
to both the 'x' and the '2'.

Identity Property
Let's look at some examples for each of the identity properties of addition, subtraction,
multiplication and division, starting with the identity property of addition:
Example 1: 100,000,000 + 0 = 100,000,000
Example 2: -67 + 0 = -67
Example 3: (A + B) + 0 = A + B
Inverse Property
A multiplicative inverse is a reciprocal. What is a reciprocal? A reciprocal is one of a pair of
numbers that when multiplied with another number equals the number 1. For example, if we have the
number 7, the multiplicative inverse, or reciprocal, would be 1/7 because when you multiply 7 and
1/7 together, you get 1!

Examples
Let's look at a couple examples before proceeding with the lesson.
Example 1:
What is the multiplicative inverse of 15? In other words, which number when multiplied with 15
would give us the number 1 as a result? Let's solve this in an algebraic way, with x being the
unknown multiplicative inverse.
15 * x = 1
x = 1/15
That's it! It was really that simple! The multiplicative inverse of a number is that number as the
denominator and 1 as the numerator. When we multiply 15 and 1/15, we get 1.
Example 2:
What is the multiplicative inverse of 1/4? Now this example is a little different because we are
beginning with a fraction. Let's again solve this algebraically, with x being the unknown
multiplicative inverse of 1/4.
1/4 * x = 1
x = 1 / (1/4)
(1/1) / (1/4) = (1/1) * (4/1) = 4
Remember that when you divide fractions, you must flip the numerator and denominator of the
second fraction and then multiply. We got 4 as the multiplicative inverse of 1/4. Makes sense, right?
So, the conclusion that we can draw from these two examples is that when you have a whole number,
the multiplicative inverse of that number will be that number in fraction form with the whole number
as the denominator and 1 as the numerator. When you have a fraction with 1 as the numerator, the
multiplicative inverse of that fraction will simply be the denominator of the fraction.