TABLE OF CONTENTS

2
CHAPTER 1

Number

3
CHAPTER 2

Algebra & Graphs

4
CHAPTER 3

Geometry

6
CHAPTER 4

Mensuration

7
CHAPTER 5

Coordinate Geometry

7
CHAPTER 6

Trigonometry

8 Matrices & Transformations

CHAPTER 7

9
CHAPTER 8

Probability

9
CHAPTER 9

Statistics
 CIE IGCSE MATHEMATICS//0580
Set representations:
1. NUMBER
Natural numbers:
o used for counting purposes
o made up off all possible rational & irrational numbers is shaded is shaded is a subset of
Integer: a whole number
Prime numbers:
o divisible only by itself and one
o 1 is not a prime number
Rational numbers: can be written as a fraction = {a, b, c, d, e} A is shaded
Irrational numbers: cannot be written as a fraction e.g.
1.3 Indices
1.1 HCF and LCM () = no. of elements in A = A is a subset of B
Highest Common Factor and Lowest Common Multiple: = is an element of = A is a proper
= is not an element of subset of B
= compliment of set A = A is not a subset
or { } = empty set of B
= Universal set = A is not a proper
= union of A and B subset of B
= intersection of A
and B
o HCF = product of common factors of x and y
o LCM = product of all items Standard form:
in Venn diagram o 104 = 10000 101 = 0.1
Prime Factorization: finding o 103 = 1000 102 = 0.01
which prime numbers o 102 = 100 103 = 0.001
o multiply together to make o 101 = 10 104 = 0.0001
the original number o 100 = 1 105 = 0.00001

1.2 Sets Limits of accuracy:

Definition of sets e.g. The degree of rounding of a number
o = {: is a natural number} o E.g. 2.1 to 1 d.p. 2.05 < 2.15
o = {(, ): = + }
o = {: } 1.4 Ratio & Proportion
o = {, , , } Ratio: used to describe a fraction
Notation: o e.g. 3 : 1
() = no. of elements in A = A is a subset of B Foreign exchange: money changed from one currency to
= is an element of = A is a proper another using proportion
= is not an element of subset of B o E.g. Convert $22.50 to Dinars
= compliment of set A = A is not a subset $1 : 0.30KD
or { } = empty set of B $22.50 : 6.75KD
= Universal set = A is not a proper Map scales: using proportion to work out map scales
= union of A and B subset of B o 1km = 1000m
= intersection of A o 1m = 100cm
and B o 1cm = 10mm

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 CIE IGCSE MATHEMATICS//0580
Direct variation: is proportional to Trinomial:
= 2 + 14 + 24
Inverse variation: is inversely proportional to 2
+ 12 + 2 + 24
1 ( + 12) + 2( + 12)
=
( + 2)( + 12)
1.5 Percentages
2.2 Quadratic Factorization
Percentage:
General equation:
o Convenient way of expressing fractions
2 + + = 0
o Percent means per 100
Solve quadratics by:
Percentage increase or decrease:
o Trinomial factorization
o Quadratic formula
=
2 4
Simple interest: =
2
When question says give your answer to two decimal
=
100 places, use formula!
= = =
Compound interest: 2.3 Simultaneous Equations

= (1 + ) Simultaneous linear equations can be solved either by
100 substitution or elimination
= = =
Simultaneous linear and non-linear equations are
1.6 Speed, Distance & Time generally solved by substitution as follows:
o Step 1: obtain an equation in one unknown and solve
= this equation

o Step 2: substitute the results from step 1 into the
= linear equation to find the other unknown

Units of speed: km/hr m/s The points of intersection of two graphs are given by the
Units of distance: km m solution of their simultaneous equations
Units of time: hr sec
5 2.4 Inequalities
/ = / Solve like equations
18
18 Multiplying or dividing by negative switch sign
/ = /
5 7
3
2. ALGEBRA & GRAPHS 7 3
21
2.1 Factorisation When two inequalities present, split into two
Common factors: < 3 1 < 2 + 7
3 2 + 6 < 3 1 3 1 < 2 + 7
1
3( + 2) > 2 <8
Difference of two squares:
25 2 2.4 Linear Programming
(5 + )(5 ) For strict inequalities (<, >) use broken line
Group factorization: For non-strict inequalities (, ) use solid line
4 + + + 4
4( + ) + ( + )
(4 + )( + )

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 CIE IGCSE MATHEMATICS//0580
Steps to solve:
o Interpret = +
o Draw straight line graphs
o Shade
o Solve
Area under a graph = distance travelled.
2.5 Sequences Gradient = acceleration.
Linear sequences: Find common difference e.g. 3 then If the acceleration is negative, it is called deceleration or
multiply by and work out what needs to be added retardation. (moving body is slowing down.)
Quadratic sequences:
o Format: 2 + + 2.8 Functions
++ = Function notation:
3 + = o : 2 1
o Function such that maps onto 2 1
2 =
Composite function: Given two functions () and
o Work out the values and then place into formula to
(), the composite function of and is the function
work out nth term formula
Geometric progression: sequence where term has been which maps onto (())
multiplied by a constant to form next term (2)
. . = (1) o Substitute = 2 and solve for ()
o a = 1st term r = common difference ()
o Substitute = ()
2.6 Distance-Time Graphs 1 ()
o Let = () and make the subject

3. GEOMETRY
3.1 Triangles

From O to A : Uniform speed

From B to C : Uniform speed (return journey)
From A to B : Stationery (speed = 0)

Gradient = speed

2.7 Speed-Time Graphs 3.2 Quadrilaterals

Rectangle: Opposite sides
parallel and equal, all angles
90, diagonals bisect each
other.
Parallelogram : Opposite sides
From O to A : Uniform speed parallel and equal, opposite
From A to B : Constant speed (acceleration = 0) angles equal, diagonals bisect
From B to C : Uniform deceleration / retardation each other
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 CIE IGCSE MATHEMATICS//0580
Rhombus: A parallelogram with The number of times shape fits its outline during a
all sides equal, opposite angles complete revolution is called the order of rotational
equal, diagonals bisect each symmetry.
other
Trapezium: One pair of sides
parallel
Kite: Two pairs of adjacent sides
equal, diagonals meet at right Number of Lines Rotational
angles bisecting one of them Shape of Symmetry Symmetry Order
Square 4 4
3.3 Construction Rectangle 2 2
Constructing triangles: Parallelogram 0 2
Rhombus 2 2
Trapezium 0 1
Kite 1 1
Equilateral triangle 3 3
Regular hexagon 6 6

Properties of circles:
o Equal chords are equidistant from the centre
o The perpendicular bisector of a chord passes through
the centre
Perpendicular bisector:
o Tangents from an external point are equal in length

3.5 Polygons
Sum of angles at a point = 360
Angles on a straight line = 180
Sum of angles in a triangle =180
For regular polygon
360
o External angles =

360
o Internal angles = 180
Angle bisector: For irregular polygon:
o Sum of exterior angles =360
o Sum of interior angles =180(n-2)
Vertically opposite angles

Corresponding angles

3.4 Symmetry
A line of symmetry divides a two-dimensional shape into
two congruent (identical) shapes.
A plane of symmetry divides a three-dimensional shape
into two congruent solid shapes.
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 CIE IGCSE MATHEMATICS//0580
Alternate angles 3.7 Loci
The locus of points equidistant from a point is a circle

Co-interior angles

The locus of points equidistant between two point is a

Exterior angle=sum of interior opposite perpendicular bisector

3.6 Circle Theorem

The locus of points equidistant between two lines is an

angle bisector

Angle subtended by same

Angle at centre = twice
arc at circumference are
angle on circumference
equal

The locus of points equidistant (along) from a line is a

parallel line

Angles in semicircle are 90 Opposite angles in a cyclic

quadrilateral = 180

4. MENSURATION
4.1 Area
Parallelogram = OR sin
Tangents from one point are 1
Triangle= 2
equal between tangent Alternate segment theorem 1
and radius is 90 Trapezium= 2 ( + )
Circle= 2

Sector= 2 360

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 CIE IGCSE MATHEMATICS//0580
4.2 Volume and Surface Area Equation of Line:
Cylinder = +
o = 2 o Find the gradient,
o = 2 o Find the -intercept,
Cone
o =
1
o = 3 ( 2 )
Sphere
o = 4 2
4
o = 3 3
Hemisphere
Midpoint of Graph:
o = 2 2 1 + 2 1 + 2
2 ( , )
o = 3 3 2 2
Length between two points:
4.3 Units (1 2 )2 + (1 2 )2
Volume:
5.2 Sketching Graphs

Mass:
() = 1 () = () = 2

Capacity:

1 1
() = 3 () = () =
2
Connecting volume and capacity:
o 1 = 13 6. TRIGONOMETRY
o 1 = 13
Density =
6.1 Bearings

The bearing of a point B from another point A is:
5. COORDINATE GEOMETRY o An angle measured from the north at A.
o In a clockwise direction.
5.1 Graphs o Written as three-figure number (i.e. from 000 to 360)
Gradient of a Straight Line: e.g. The bearing of B from A is 050
2 1
=
2 1

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 CIE IGCSE MATHEMATICS//0580
6.2 Pythagoras Theorem Multiplication by a scalar:
To find hypotenuse o A scalar quantity has a magnitude but no direction
o 2 + 2 = 2 o The negative sign reverses the direction of the vector
To find one of the shorter sides Column vector:
o 2 = 2 2 o Top number is the horizontal component and
o 2 = 2 2 bottom number is the vertical component
Parallel vectors:
o Vectors are parallel if they have the same direction
o In general the vector () is parallel to ()
Angle of elevation: Modulus of a vector:
o Angle above the horizontal o In general, if = ( ), || = (2 + 2

line.
Angle of depression: 7.2 Matrices
o Angle below the Addition:
horizontal line. + +
( )+( )=( )
+ +
Multiplication by scalar
1
Area of a triangle: sin
( )=( )
2
Multiplication by vector:
6.3 Ratios + +
Right angled triangles: ( )( )=( )
+ +

o sin = o You can only multiply if no. of columns in left equals to
no. of rows in right
o cos =
Determinant:

o tan = o Determinant = leading diagonal secondary diagonal

A =( ) || = () ()
6.4 Sine & Cosine Rules
Inverse:
Sine rule:
o To work out inverse, switch leading diagonal, negate
1
= = secondary diagonal, multiply by ||
sin sin sin
o One pair of information needed 1
A =( ) 1 = () ( )
Cosine rule
o To find the angle given 3 sides
7.3 Transformation
2 + 2 2
cos = Reflection (M):
2
o To find side given angle and two sides o When describing a reflection, the position of the
2 = 2 + 2 2 cos mirror line is essential.
Rotation (R):
7. MATRICES & TRANSFORMATION o To describe a rotation, the centre of rotation, the
angle of rotation and direction of rotation are required.
7.1 Vector o A clockwise rotation is negative and an anticlockwise
A vector quantity has both magnitude rotation is positive.
and direction. Translation (T):
o E.g. Vectors a and b represented by the line segments o When describing a translation it is necessary
can be added using the parallelogram rule or the nose- to give the translation vector
to-tail method.

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 CIE IGCSE MATHEMATICS//0580
Enlargement (E):
o To describe an enlargement, state the scale factor, K
and the centre of enlargement

=

2
=
o If K > 0, both object and image lie on same side of the
Independent events:
centre of enlargement.
Two events are independent if occurrence of one is
o If K < 0, object and image lie on opposite side of the
unaffected by occurrence of other.
centre of enlargement.
The AND Rule:
7.4 Transformation by Matrices o p(A and B) = p(A) p(B)
Reflection:
1 0 9. STATISTICS
o( ) Reflection in the
0 1
o(
1 0
) Reflection in the 9.1 Histograms
0 1
0 1
o( ) Reflection in the line =
1 0
0 1
o( ) Reflection in the line =
1 0
Enlargement:
0
o( ) where k=scale factor and centre
0
of enlargement = (0,0)
Rotation: A histogram displays the frequency of either continuous
0 1 or grouped discrete data in the form of bars.
o( ) Rotation 90 anticlockwise, centre (0,0)
1 0
0 1 The bars are joined together.
o( ) Rotation 90 clockwise, centre (0,0)
1 0 The bars can be of varying width.
1 0 The frequency of the data is represented by the area of
o( ) Rotation 180 clockwise/
0 1 the bar and not the height.
anticlockwise, centre (0,0)
When class intervals are different it is the area of the bar
8. PROBABILITY which represents the frequency not the
Probability is the study of chance, or the likelihood of an height
event happening. Instead of frequency being plotted on the vertical axis,
frequency density is plotted.
Probability of an event = Class width = Interval
If probability = 0, the event is impossible and if Frequency density = Height
probability =1, the event is certain to happen =
All probabilities lie between 0 and 1.
9.2 Averages
8.1 Events Mean:
Exclusive events:
Two events are exclusive if they cannot occur at the

same time.
Median:
The OR Rule:
o The middle value when the data has been written in
o For exclusive events A and B
ascending or descending order
o p(A or B) = p(A) + p(B)

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 CIE IGCSE MATHEMATICS//0580
5+1
o Odd no. of values 2 = 3
6+1
o Even no. of values 2 = 3.5
(add two values divide by 2)
Mode:
o Most frequently occurring value
Range:
o Difference between highest and lowest values
Estimated mean of grouped data:
o Work out midpoints of each group and multiply by
frequency
o Divide by number of values

9.3 Cumulative Frequency

Cumulative frequency is the total frequency up to a
given point.
Inter-quartile range = upper quartile lower quartile

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