Geological and Geotechnical Investigations for Structure 216

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RAJU. A1 AND D. VENKAT REDDY2 [TIMES NEW ROMAN, FONT SIZES -12 PT + BOLD]
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2
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Email: rajucits@gmail.com, dvr@1956@yahoo.com [Times New Roman-10 Pt +Italic]
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Any structure constructed on the earth is supported by the soil underlying it. Foundation is an interfacing element
between superstructure and the underlying soil that transmits the loads supported by the foundation and its self
weight. Foundation design requires evaluation of safe bearing capacity both immediate and long term settlement.
Keywords: soil, bearing capacity, allowable rock pressure, core sample [Times New Roman, 10-Italic]

1. Introduction: Main Headings [Times New Roman,

10-Bold]
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Soil is a universally available natural material derived
mostly from rocks and rocky minerals. As soil is a
product of nature, possess an inherently variable and
complex character. The bearing capacity is the most
important soil property, which governs the design of
foundation. Soft clay strata are often unable to bear the
load transferred from the superstructure to the
foundation. Bearing capacity and the settlement are the
two important parameters in the field of geotechnical
engineering.
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1.1 Literature Review: Sub - Headings [Times New
Roman, 10-Bold]
Text is Times New Roman, 10 font size.
Huang and hong (2) proposed a method for predicating
bearing capacity ratio of reinforced sand with high
tensile stiffness reinforcement at ultimate footing load.
They reported the linear relationship between settlement
reduction factor and bearing capacity ratio.
Representation of references during text:
Shiva Datta et.al [6] determined the bearing capacity of
cobble-gravel mixed soil strata. The load settlement
behaviour of cobble gravel dominated strata largely
depends upon the amount and type of filter material i.e.
sand, silt and clay present in the strata.
1.2 Bearing Capacity based on Laboratory Tests:
Main Headings [Times New Roman, 10-Bold]
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1.2.1 Laboratory Tests:
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The soil used in the study is collected from MIDC Area
Latur, Maharashtra State. The soils samples are
collected at a depth of 1 m, 1.25 m, 1.5 m, 1.75 m, 2 m,
2.25 m and 2.50 m and core samples are collected at a
depth of 3 m, 4m, 5m and 6 m.
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1.3 Experimental Analysis:
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Based on the laboratory experimentation carried out the
values of , c and are obtained. These parameters
are important to determine ultimate and safe bearing
capacity of soil. Based on this data, effect of depth of
footing, is studied and is discussed in following
paragraphs.
1.3.1 Effect of Depth of Footing on Bearing
Capacity: Sub- Sub - Headings [Times New Roman,
10-Bold]
Representation of Table information during text: The
values of ultimate bearing capacities determined by IS
code method are as shown in table 2.
Representation of Figure information during text: Figure
1 shows effect of depth of footing on ultimate bearing
capacity for soil for local shear failure and general shear
failure case.

International Journal of Earth Sciences and Engineering

ISSN 0974-5904, Vol. 05, No. 02, April 2012, pp. 214-218
 Geological and Geotechnical Investigations for Structure 216

Table 1: Name of the table [Times New Roman, 10-Italic]

Redox moiety Diluent Method k0 (s-1) Ei0 V vs SSCE fwhm (V)a

4
R1 D1 ILIT 3.4 x 10 0.495 95 -
4
CV 3.3 x 10 0.474 100 0.103
R2 D2 ILIT 6.0 x 104 0.340 24 -
4
CV 6.1 x 10 0.346 24 0.112
R3 D3 ILIT 3.2 x 106 0.328 12.0 -
6
CV 3.2 x 10 0.324 12.1 0.121

1.4 Allowable Rock Pressure: drilling and Well Technology. Society of

Petroleum Engineers, Ch. 5, PP.301-441, 2009
When the foundation is supported by hard strata such as
Dissertations
compact rock, than allowable rock pressure is
[4] Yao Fu, Leak-Off Test (LOT) Models, M.Sc. in
determined.
Engineering Dissertation, The University of Texas
Table 5: Allowable Rock Pressure at Austin, pp. 2-8, 2014
Patents
Diameter Depth of Crushing Allowable [5] Eaton, D.I., Porous glass support material, US
of Foundation Strength Rock Patent No. 3904422, 1975
Specimen (m) KN/m2 Pressure Web references
(cm) KN/m2 [6] Environmental Report, The ICAO Environmental
5.20 3m 10254.47 1025.44 Report 2016, 2016.
5.20 4m 8246.93 824.69 http://www.icao.int/environmental-
5.20 5m 10857.68 1085.76 protection/Documents/ICAO%20Environmental
5.20 6m 11159.28 1115.92 %20Report%202016.pdf
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given in square brackets [ ]. Do not set reference
numbers in superscript. The font size for the reference
list should be 8pt. Please follow the style in the
examples below for Journal references, Books, Edited
Books, and Patents.
Journal Articles
[1] Vishal, V., Singh, T. N., A laboratory investigation
of permeability of coal to supercritical CO2,
Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, 33 (4),
PP. 1009-1016, 2015
Conference Articles
[2] Van Oort, E., and Vargo, R. Improving Formation
Strength Tests and Their Interpretation. SPE/IADC
Drilling Conference, Amsterdam, the Netherlands,
20-22 February, 2007, SPE/IADC 105193
Book Chapters
[3] Bernt, S., Aadnoy, Iain Cooper, Stefan, Miska, Z.,
Robert F. Mitchell, Michael L. Payne, Advanced

International Journal of Earth Sciences and Engineering

ISSN 0974-5904, Vol. 05, No. 02, April 2012, pp. 214-218