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Gas Tungsten Arc Welding Practice: Jobs 20-J1J17 (Pipe) Chapter 20639
Electrode Center Line Cover Passes Smooth, uni-
form finish passes can
be made only if the filler
Filler Rod passes are smooth and
free of undercut at the
edges, and the pipe joint
is filled to a uniform level.
Care spent in making
smooth filler passes will
result in finished welds of
excellent appearance as
well as quality.
Follow the proce-
dure described for the
Electrode Positioning for Filler Rod Additions. root and filler passes. Fig. 20-27 Face appearance of
Stringer beads or weave a filler pass in a V-groove butt joint
Fig. 20-25 Proper relation of the electrode to the pipe for addi-
tion of filler rod on the filler and cover passes. beads may be used for in stainless-steel pipe.
carbon and low alloy
steel pipe in the rolled
Second pass roll weld
or fixed horizontal 5G
play arc on these areas. position. Stringer beads
must be used for carbon
and low alloy steel pipe
in the vertical fixed po-
sition, and for stainless
or aluminum pipe in any
position.
Finished cover passes
should be about 332 inch
Avoid overheating this area. Weld will wider than the beveled
plunge through if it gets too hot.
edges on each side of
A Fig. 20-28 Face appearance of
the joint, and the overlap a cover pass in stainless-steel pipe.
should be spaced evenly
on each side of the joint. The face of the weld should be
slightly convex, and the reinforcement should be about
1
16 inch above the surface of the pipe. Weld edges should
be straight and without any undercutting. Figure 20-28
shows the proper appearance of the cover pass. Also see
Fig. 20-47, page 646.
When you are able to make welds that have good pen-
etration through to the back side, good appearance, and
Torch Motion are satisfactory to your instructor, make up a test weld
Try 2 stringer beads over first pass using 1/16 rod. and remove the usual test coupons for root- and face-
Do not weave. bend testing.
B
Overlap
4
3
Start
First Pass Second
Pass
Finish
Start Weld Here
Place one weave or two stringers over the first pass
before turning over the pipe. 1
2
Overlap
Weld on quarters with good overlap of first pass
to ensure good penetration bead.
Fig. 20-30 Welding procedure for the root pass in pipe in the
Be Careful to Tie in vertical fixed (2) position.
Penetration Bead
Start First Pass with First Half
of Second Side
First Pass
Here Second Stringer
Welded Area
Fig. 20-29 Welding the top side of the pipe in the horizontal
fixed (5) position.
Root Pass The pipe is in the vertical 2G position, and the same as for rolled pipe, special techniques are re-
joint is in the horizontal position. The first pass is made in quired to compensate for the sagging of the pool due
four quarters. You should change position as each quarter to gravity.
is completed to make sure that you can observe the lead- Position your torch as shown in Figs. 20-32 and 20-33
ing edge of the weld as it progresses. The first pass should (p. 642). The weld pool is formed on the upper pipe bevel
overlap at each start and at the finish, Fig. 20-30. The first and is kept slightly above the center line of the joint. Move
pass and the cover passes should be made as shown in the torch in small circles. Proceed from the top of the
Fig.20-31. pool, around the pool to the bottom, and then up the other
Although the shape of the pool and the flow of side to the top. Do not let the arc dwell too long on the
the molten pool for the vertical fixed position are the bottom, but let it favor the top of the weld. This circular
Gas Tungsten Arc Welding Practice: Jobs 20-J1J17 (Pipe) Chapter 20641
Fig. 20-32 Torch position for welding with pipe axis in the vertical
orientation. The weld is being made in the horizontal (2) position. Fig. 20-34 Welding the root pass without the use of a filler rod.
Joint preparation is U-groove, and the pipe is being rolled with its
axis in the horizontal direction. The weld is being made in the flat (1)
position. Crane Co.
Fig. 20-37 Welding aluminum with the pipe axis in the horizontal fixed orienta-
tion. Note the tight situation for the welder to make this position 5 weld. The travel
direction is up. Sypris Technologies, Inc. -Tube Turns Division
Horizontal Fixed
Position (Bell
Hole Weld): Jobs
20-J12J17
The pipe is in the hori-
zontal position, and the
weld is vertical, Figs.
20-36 and 20-37.
When making a pipe
weld in the horizontal
fixed 5G position, you
will practice all the
welding positions: flat,
vertical, and overhead.
The weld will be made
at a constantly chang-
ing angle. The ability
to make welds of this
nature that pass the
regular tests marks the
welder as a craftsperson. Fig. 20-38 Welding aluminum Fig. 20-39 Welding aluminum pipe in the side portion of a bell
pipe in the bottom portion of a bell
Figures 20-38 through hole. The welding position changes from the overhead to the verti-
hole. This is an overhead weld- cal position. This is a position 5 weld. Kaiser Aluminum
20-40 show the change ing, travel up and is a (5) position
of position from bottom weld. Kaiser Aluminum
to top.
Root Pass The same general welding technique fol- however, to get the proper penetration without getting
lowed previously for the welding of rolled pipe may a concave root surface when you are welding overhead.
also apply to welding in the horizontal fixed 5G po- Your response to the demands of the pool must be im-
sition. You must control the weld pool more closely, mediate. You may find it helpful to weld with lower
Gas Tungsten Arc Welding Practice: Jobs 20-J1J17 (Pipe) Chapter 20643
Fourth Finish
Section
Second
Section
current values in order to secure a smaller weld pool. The Filler and/or Cover Passes The filler and/or cover
Keep the face of the weld as flat as possible and free passes should be made as shown in Fig. 20-42. These
of undercut. passes may be either stringer or weave beads. The first
The weld bead should be started past bottom cen- filler pass must be applied with great care because the
ter. The welding should progress downhill across the root pass made with the gas tungsten arc process is likely
bottom of the pipe and then uphill to the top of the to be thin, and the danger of burning through is always
pipe past the 12 oclock present. Keep the filler rod in contact with the bottom of
Fixed Position point, Fig. 20-41. If the the joint, and do not remove it from the weld pool. This
or
welding is interrupted in limits the penetration into the root pass and helps prevent
Bell-Hole Weld
order to change position burn-through. Do not let the arc dwell in the center of the
Overlap as you travel around the bead. Keep it on one side when making stringer beads, or
pipe, be careful to over- move it quickly from one side of the joint to the other for
lap the bead at each start weave beads. Make sure that the pool blends into the sides
after removing the sur- of the joint and that it is fused to the bead underneath.
face oxides. Be sure to clean each pass thoroughly before applying the
The second half of the next pass.
first pass should overlap When you are able to make welds that show good pen-
the starting point of the etration through to the back side, have good appearance,
first half of the weld. The and are satisfactory to your instructor, make up a test weld
welding should then pro- and remove the usual test coupons for root- and face-bend
Start
Weld ceed to the top and overlap testing.
Overlap Here the previous weld at the top,
Overlap Second Half of First Pass Fig. 20-41. There will be a
tendency for the middle of Inspection and Testing
Fig. 20-41 Welding proce- the first pass to be concave When completing the remaining jobs assigned from
dure for root pass on pipe in
bell-hole position. This is cor- and wide. Avoid weld- the Job Outline, inspect each pass carefully for weld
rectly called the 5G position for ing with too little current. defects. Compare root passes with the specifications
groove welds. Travel as fast as possible. given in Fig. 20-7 and the actual appearance shown
Gas Tungsten Arc Welding Practice: Jobs 20-J1J17 (Pipe) Chapter 20645