Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Division of Taguig and Pateros
Western Bicutan National High School
City of Taguig

VOLCANOES!
Strategic Intervention Material (SIM)

An Intervention Material by:

CAF, Adrian O.
TRILLES, Jhyane Kyla C.
CRUZ, Ryan H.
EDIT, John Paul C.
ESCANIEL, Daniel H.
RESEARCHERS
CONTENTS
Introduction
Guide Card
Activity Card
Assessment Card
Enrichment Card
Reference Card
Answer Card
Acknowledgement

Introduction:
This Strategic Intervention Material tackles
about the topic: Volcanoes. On here were about to
venture on an adventure through the world of
Base 1:
GUIDE
CARD
 A volcano is a rupture in the crust of a

Classifica
planetary-mass object, such as Earth, that allows
hot lava, volcanic ash, and gases to escape from a
magma chamber below the surface. In the
Philippines which is located on the Pacific Ring of
Fire and prone to Volcanic Eruptions for it is a
home of many volcanoes. Many of the Volcanoes
that can be found here are tremendously beautiful;
and the most beautiful volcano is the Mayon
Volcano who is known for its perfect cone and
other Volcanoes that entirely damaged the
countrys landform. As according to the Philippine
Institute of Volcanology and Seismology
(PHIVOLCS) that our country is the ideal for
volcanic activity. The PHIVOLCS has also classified
the volcanoes whether they are active or inactive.
The Active volcanoes are those that have a record
of eruption within the last 600 years or those that
erupted 10,000 years ago based on the analyses of
 Volcan
Volcanoes come in different shapes and sizes, and
volcanologist has able to classify them according to their
landform and eruptive patterns. A volcano usually has a
summit, slope and base. A summit may come in a crater or a
caldera; a crater has a funnel-shaped opening as the top of
volcano while a caldera is formed when a part of the wall
collapses following an explosive eruption after an eruption a
structure may be formed and this will provide us with clues on
what materials can be found inside the Earth. A slope is the
slant part of the volcano and the Base is the bottom or the
lowest part of the volcano.
 CRATER Caldera

Now lets discuss about the factors that affects the

volcanoes eruptive style thats include: the magmas
temperature, chemical composition and amount of dissolved
gases it contains as it will result on the effect through magmas
Viscosity. Viscosity is the property of the materials resistance
to flow or commonly known as the thickness and stickiness.
Meaning the more viscous and thicker the material is the
greater its resistance to flow.
Those factors that affects the Viscosity of magma are
first the Temperature. As the viscosity runs through the
volcano it decreases with the temperature, generalizing that
the higher the temperature of the magma is, the lower its
Viscosity is. The other factor that affects the Viscosity is the
composition of the magma has. The magma with high silica
content are more viscous than those with low silica content.
 Types of
Volcanoes are classified by their eruptive style
depending on the magmas water content, namely: Phreatic,
Phreatomagmatic, Strombolian, Vulcanian and Plinian. Other
basis are also classified through their Cones: Shield, Cinder
and Composite Cones.

Phreatic
Is a stream-drive eruption as
the hot rocks come in contact
with water. It is short-lived.

Phreatomagmatic
A violent eruption due to the
contact between magma and
water. It results in a large
column on fine ash and high
spees emission
 Strombolian
A periodic weak to violent
eruption characterized by
fountain lava.

Vulcanian
Characterized by tall eruption
columns that reach up to 20km
with pyroclastic flow and
ashfall tephra.

Plinian
Excessively explosive type of
eruption of gas and pyroclastic

Shield Volcano
Are formed by the
accumulation of lava that
oozes out from the volcanoes

Cinder Cones
Are built from ejected lava
fragments, they have a steep
slope, wide crater and are the
most abundant among the three
major volcano types.
 Composite Cones
Or Stratovolcanoes are large
nearly perfect sloped structure
formed from alternate
solidification of both lava and
pyroclastic deposits.

Energy
Our country is a home to more than a hundreds of
Volcanoes. Energy are being tapped from them, these
are the heat from the Earths interior of a source of
energy called Geothermal Energy. It can produce
Electricity that is cheaper than other source of
Electricity.
These Geothermal Energy are being generated in
two ways: Geothermal power plants and Geothermal
Heat Pumps. In geothermal power plants the heat from
deep inside the Earth are used to produce steam to
generate electricity. While, In Geothermal Heat Pumps,
uses the heat coming from close to the Earths surface
to heat water or provide heat for buildings. Here are the
Steps in generating electricity in a Geothermal Power
Plant
1. Wells are drilled deep into the Earth to pump
steam or hot water to the surface.
2. When the water reaches the surface, the drop in
pressure causes the water to turn into steam.
3. The steam spins a turbine, which is connected to a
 Effects and
Volcanic Eruption often results into a Negative effects as it
causes a loss of lives and properties but it has also a Positive
Effects, as eruptions can decrease the Earths surface temperature.
It can also create a spectacular scenery as well providing or
producing a very rich soils for farming. Despite of all of this
advantages, we should also now on how to reduce the negative
effects of disasters to reduce loss and save lives.

Signs that Volcanoes are about to Erupt

as According to the PHIVOLCS

1. Increase in the frequency of volcanic quakes with rumbling

sounds; occurrence of volcanic tremors;
2. Increased steaming activity; change in color of steam
emission from white to gray due to entrained ash;
3. Crater glow due to presence of magma at or near the crater;
4. Ground swells (or inflation), ground tilt and ground fissuring
due to magma intrusion;
5. Localized landslides, rock falls and landslides from the
summit area which are not attributable to heavy rains;
6. Noticeable increase in the extent of drying up of vegetation
around the volcanos upper slopes;
7. Increase in the temperature of hot springs, wells and Crater
Lake near the volcano.
 BASE 2:
Activity Card
Active Magma
Base Shield
Caldera Slope
Crater Summit
Lava Viscosity

Activity 1.
LOOPWORD
Look for each word below inside
the Box

S Y T I S O C S I V
U L A M G A M C E A
M J O Q H D I A V P
M B L P O R T L I W
I K G N E S F D T E
T C M L A V A E C S
E S H I E L D R A A
C R A T E R U A V B
Activity 2. JUMBLE
1. ESOLP
-Body of a volcano.
2. CAEITV
-Volcanoes that have erupted within a years
ago.
3. NEUPRITO
-The ejection of molten rock as from a volcano
or geyser.
4. AMGMA
-Molten rock beneath the Earth.
5. OVLACON
-Is the natural opening in the surface of the
Earth?
6. SCNIRED
-It refers to the loose fragments of solidified
lava.
7. VALA
-It refers to the magma being ejected out of a
volcano.
8. VOLCSPHI
-The government agency with monitoring the
earthquakes and volcanoes in the country.

Activity 3. MATCHING
9. AREDLAC
-A crater that is formed when a part of wall of
the crater collapses following an explosive
eruption.
10. ASEB
TYPE
-Lowest part of the volcano.
1. Composite Volcano

a.
 2. Shield Volcano

b.

3. Cinder Volcano

c.
 BASE 3:
Assessment Card

TEST 1:
Write True if the statement is correct and
False if not.
______1. Temperature determines the
explosiveness of magma.
______2. Composite volcanoes are formed
by the accumulation of lava that oozes out
from the volcano.
______3. Silica content mainly affect the
explosiveness of lava.
______4. Mt. Kanlaon is an active volcano.
______5. There are two classifications of
volcano.
______6. Plinian is a violent eruption
characterized by fountain lava.
______7. Vulcanian is characterized by tall
eruption that reach up to 2 k high.
______8. Phreatomagmatic is characterized
by violent eruption due to contact between
water and magma.
______9. Phreatic is an eruption due to
contact of hot rocks and water.
______10. Irazu Volcano is an example of
eruption that is strombolian.

TEST 2:
 Multiple Choices
1. It refers to a violent eruption characterized by fountain lava.
a. Strombolian b. Plinian
c. Vulcanian d. Phreatomagmatic
2. What do volcanologists call the grey clouds coming out of the
volcano?
a. Cinders b. Lava
c. Magma d. Volcanic ash
3. This refers to ejected lava fragments.
a. Composite b. Cinder c. Shield d. None
4. According to the Department of Energy, ______ of the countrys
total power generation is produced from geothermal energy.
a.15.4% b. 16.4% c. 17.4% d. 14.4%
5. This heats from Earths interior is a source of energy called
___________.
a. Heat Energy b. Kinetic Energy c. Geothermal Energy d.
Radiant Energy
6. Which of the following not a sign of volcanic eruption?
a. Drying up of springs/wells b. Ground swells
c. Increased steaming activity d. Inflation in the economy
7. Philippines is located at _________.
a. Pacific Ring of Belt b. Orions Belt
c. Pacific Ring of Fire d. Europe
8. It refers to the property of materials resistance to flow.
a. Viscosity b. Slope
c. Summit d. Caldera
9. The higher the temperature is, the _____its viscosity is.
a. Higher b. lower
c. Thicker d. Thinner
10. Which of the following is an active volcano in the Philippines?
a. Isarog in Camarines Sur b. Apo in Davao
c. Bud Datu in Sulu d. Kanlaon in Negros Oriental
 Base 4:
Enrichment Card

TEST 1&2:
Test 1. Arrange the following sentences according to
sequence. Write 1-5.
_____1. Cooling tower cools the steam to which it
condenses back to water.
_____2. The steam spins a turbine, which is
connected to a generator that produces electricity.
_____3. Wells are drilled up into the earth to pump
steam or hot water to the surface.
_____4. The cooled water is pumped back into the
earth to begin the process again.
_____5. When the water reaches the surface, the
drop in pressure causes the water to turn into steam.

Test 2. Enumerate the different types of volcanic

eruption.
1._________________

2._________________

3._________________

4._________________

5._________________
 Base 5:
Answer Card

S Y T I S O C S I V
U L A M G A M C E A
M J O Q H D I A V P
M B L P O R T L I W
I K G N E S F D T E
T C M L A V A E C S ANSWERS.
ACTIVITY E S H I E L D R A A 1.

C R A T E R U A V B
 ACTIVITY 2.
1. Slope 6. Cinders
2. Active 7. Lava
3. Eruption 8. PHIVOLCS
4. Magma 9. Caldera
5. Volcano 10. Base
ACTIVITY 3:

1. C 2. A 3. B

ASSESSMENT.
Test1. Test2.
1. False 6. False 1. A 6. D
2. False 7. False 2. D 7. C
 Reference:
Grade 9 Science Learners Module
Acknowledgement:
The researchers are very grateful to GOD
ALMIGHTY for without His graces and blessings, this
study would not have been possible, who gives us