O CPI DE LIMITE

xn 1 n
1. lim , m, n N*. R:
x 1 x m 1 m
x n 1 n( x 1) n (n 1)
2. lim , n N*. R:
x 1 ( x 1) 2 2
( x n1 1)( x n 2 1) ... ( x 1)
np

3. lim , p, ni N*, i = 1, p R: n1n 2 n p

x 1 ( x 1) p
x n +1 [1 + C1n +1 ( x 1) + C 2n +1 ( x 1) 2 + ... + C pn +1 ( x 1) p
4. lim ,p, n N*. R: C pn++11
x 1 ( x 1) p+1
x +3 x 2 5
5. lim R:
x 1 x 1 6
n
x n a 1
6. lim , n N*. R:
x a xa n n a n 1
m n
n
x n a m
7. lim , m, n N*. R: a mn
x a m x ma n
x 4 x
3 1+ 1+
3 4 7
8. lim R:
x 0 36
x
1 1
2
m
1+ x n 1+ x 1 1
9. lim , m, n N*. R:

x 0
x m n
( 1 + x 2 + x )n ( 1 + x 2 x )n
10. lim
x 0
, n N*. R:2n
x
m n mn
11. lim , m, n N*. R:
x 1 1 x m
1 xn 2
12. lim( x 2 + x + 1 x 2 x + 1 ) R:1
x

13. lim ( x 2 + x + 1 x 2 x + 1 ) R:1

x

x2 + x + 1
14. xlim
+
R:1
x
x2 + x + 1
15. xlim

R:1
x
4x 3 3x + 1
16. lim R:2
x +
x x +2
1
17. lim ( 3 ( x + 1) 3 + 1 3 x 3 + 2x 2 + 1 ) R:
x +
3
1
18. lim ( 5 x 5 + x 4 + 1 x ) R:
x +
5
19. lim ( n x n + 1 x ) , n N*, n 2. R:0
x +

2
20. lim ( 3 x + 3 x 2 3 x 3 x 2 ) R:
x +
3
1
21. lim x ( x 2 + 1 x ) R:
x + 2
1
22. lim ( x + x + x x ) R:
x + 2
 4
23. lim x1 / 3 [( x + 1) 2 / 3 ( x 1) 2 / 3 ] R:
x + 3
7
24. Aflai R, nct lim x ( 3 x + x + 2 3 x + x + 1 ) s fie finit i nenul. R: =
x 6
7
25. Aflai , , , pR nct lim[ 9x 4 24x 3 + 6x 2 + 5 (x p + x + )] = .
x 3
R: = 3, = 4, = 4, p = 2
sin 4x
26. lim R:2
x 0 x
sin x + sin 2x + ... + sin nx n (n + 1)
27. lim , nN*. R:
x 0 x 2
sin 3 x + sin 3 2x + ... + sin 3 nx n (n + 1)
2 2
28. lim , nN*. R:
x 0 x3 4
x
sin + cos x
2 3
29. lim R:
x 1 + cos x 4
arccos x 1
30. lim R:
x 1
1+ x 2
cos x cos 3x
31. lim R:1
x 0 x2
cos( xe x ) cos( xe x )
32. lim R:2
x 0 x3
2 tgx tg2x 4
33. lim R:
x 0 x (1 cos 3x ) 9
1 cos x cos 2x 3 cos 3x
34. lim R:3
x 0 x2
1 cos x cos 2x 3 cos 3x 4 cos 4x
35. lim R:5
x 0 x2
1
36. lim tg2x tg x R:

x
4
4 2
1 cos(1 cos x ) 1
37. lim R:
x 0 x4 8
x sin a a sin x sin a a cos a
38. lim , aR. R:L=0,dac a=0 i L= dac a0
x a x sin x a sin a sin a + a cos a
(1 sin x )(1 sin 2 x ) .... (1 sin n x ) n!
39. lim R:
x cos 2 n x 2n
2

sin x 3 sin x 1
40. lim R:
cos 2 x 3
x
2

x+4 2 1
41. lim R:
x 0 sin 5x 20
3
8 + x3 2 1
42. lim R:
x 0 sin 3 4x 768
n
cos ax n cos bx b2 a 2
43. lim , nN*, a,bR. R:
x 0
x2 n

44. lim arccos( x 2 + x x ) R:
x 3
45. lim (cos x cos x + 1 ) R:0
x
 arcsin(1 2 x ) 1
46. lim R:
x
1 4x 2 1 2
2
x
2x 2 + x + 1
47. lim R:0
3x + 1
x 2

1
48. lim(1 + 2x ) x
2
R:e
x 0
1
1 + tgx x
49. lim R:1
x 0 1 + sin x

ctg ( x 1)
x
50. lim tg R: e
x 1
4
1
cos x x 2
51. lim R: e e

x 0 cos 2 x

x
2a
52. lim cos , a>0 R: e a
x x

x
1 1
53. lim sin + cos R: e
x
x x
n ( 2 1)x
x x
54. lim cos + sin , R R: e 2
n
n n
ln(1 + x )
55. lim R:1
x 0 x
ln(1 + sin 2x )
56. lim R:2
x 0 x
ln(1 + x + x 2 ) + ln(1 x + x 2 )
57. lim R:1
x 0 x2
ax 1
58. lim , a 0, a 1 R:lna
x 0 x
(1 + x ) 1
59. lim , R R:a
x 0 x
1
60. lim( x + a x ) x , a 0, a 1 R:ea
x 0

a x + bx x
1
61. lim( ) , a , b 0, a, b 1 R: ab
x 0 2
2
ex 1
62. lim R:2
x0
1 + sin 2 x 1
1
a 1 x + a 2x + ... + a xp x
63. lim , a 0 , p N*. R: p a 1a 2 a p
x 0 i
p
1
64. lim( p x 1 + p 2 x 1 + ... + p px 1 ) x , p N*. R: p p +1
x 0
1
3e x e x x
65. lim R:5
x 0
2
1 1
m + xa x x2 a m
66. lim ; a, b 0, a , b 1, m R*. R:
x 0 m + xb x
b
2 2
a x bx 1
67. lim x ; a , b 0, a b R:
x 0
(a b x ) 2 ln a ln b
 n
n a +n b
68. lim ; a , b 0 R: ab
n
2
ln(1 + e ax ) a
69. lim , cu a,b>0 R:
x ln(1 + e bx ) b
ln(e x + e x )
70. lim R:1
x x
ln(e + e x )
x
71. lim R:1
x x
72. lim[ln(e + e x ) x ]
x
R:0
x
1
1 + x n sin p ax x n +p
73. lim
p bp
, n, p N*. R: e a
x 0 1 + x n sin p bx

ln( tgx )
74. lim R:1
cos 2 x
x
4

2
75. lim n 2 ln(cos ) R:
n n 2
ln(cos ax ) a2
76. lim R:
x 0 ln(cos bx ) b2
ln( tg x )
77. lim R:1
x
1 ctg x
4

78. lim n ln[ tg( + )] R: 2
x 4 n
arcsin x arctg x 1
79. lim R:
x 0 x3 2
arcsin x arccos x 3 2 3
80. lim R:
x
1 4x 2 1 3
2

ln(1 + x ) ln(1 x )
81. lim R:2
x 0 arctg(1 + x ) arctg(1 x )

a x xa
82. lim , a 0 R: a a (ln a 1)
x a x a

1 cos 3 x 3
83. lim R:
x a
x sin 2x 4
ax aa
84. lim , a 0 R: a a ln a
x a x a

1 + x sin x cos 2 x
85. lim R:6
x 0 x
tg 2
2
x 2
86. lim(1 x ) tg R:
x 1 2
2
87. lim(1 + x 2 ) ctg x R:e
x 0

88. lim(1 + tg 2 x )1 / 2 x R: e
x 0
sin x
sin x x sin x 1
89. lim R:
x 0
x e
2
e x cos x 3
90. lim R:
x 0 x2 2
 2 ctgx 2
91. lim R:4ln2

4 x
x
4
92. lim n 2 ( n x n +1 x ), x 0 R:lnx
n

ln( x 2 + e x ) 1
93. lim R:
x ln( x 4 + e 2 x ) 2
x 2 2
94. lim R:
x 0 3 x
x0 3
, dac a < 0, b < 0
0, dac a < 0, b = 0
b x
95. lim R:
- , dac a < 0, b > 0
x 0 x a
x0
0, dac a > 0
5
96. lim tgx R:5
x 0 sin x

x2
x2 + 1
97. lim 2 R: e 2
x x 1

x
x 2 2x + 1
98. lim 2 R: e 2
x x 4 x + 4

1 1

2
3ex + 2 e2 e2
99. lim(ln x ) x R: e
x e
1
sin x + cos x x

100. lim 4 R:1
x 2
4

2 tgx 2
101. lim R:4ln2

4 x
x
4
2
3
3sin x
102. lim R:0

x
2 x
2
x aa
x
103. lim , a0 R: a a (1 + ln a )
x a x a

x tgx x tga a tga ln a

104. lim , a 0 R:
x a sin bx sin ba b cos ab cos 2 a
105. lim x ln x R:0
x 0
x0

sin x
x x x , dac x 0
106. lim cos cos 2 .... cos n R: x
n
2 2 2 1, dac x = 0
sin x
107. lim R:
x x2 2
1 2

1 cos x cos 2x .... cos nx n (n + 1)(2n + 1)
108. lim , n N*. R:
x 0 x2 12
3tgx 3 4 3
109. lim R:
x
3x 3
3
 x2 1
arctg
110. lim x2 + 1 R:1
x 1 x 1
1 + xtgx 1 + x sin x 1
111. lim R:
x 0 x4 4
2x x 2 + 3
112. lim R:6
x 1 x + 3 2x + 2
x 2 + 3x + 6 x 2 2x + 16 5
113. lim R:
x 2 x2 8
x 2 + 2x + 12 3 2x 2 + x + 6
3
5
114. lim R:
x 3 x3 27
cos x sin x
115. lim R: 2

x
4 x
4
x
e e
x
116. lim R:2
x 0 sin x
ln(cos x )
117. lim R:2
x 0 4
1 + x2 1
x +1 x 1
118. lim x (arctg arctg ) R:
x x+2 x+2 2
sin( tgx ) tg(sin x )
119. lim R:0
x 0 x2
(cos m x 1)(cos n x 1) mn(cos x 1) 2 mn (m + n 2 )
120. lim , m, n N*. R:
x 0 (cos x 1) 3 2
ln(cos x ) 1
121. lim R:
x 0 sin 2 x 2
x + 2 + x2 + 5 5 11
122. lim R:
x 2
3x 2 + 4x + 5x + 23 9
2 27
tgx x
123. lim R:0
x 0
x0
x2
n

k 2a k
k =1
1
1 2 n

a cos x + a 2 cos 2x + ... + a n cos nx x 2 n ak

124. lim 1
x 0
a 1 + a 2 + ... + a n
,

a R*, n N*.
i =1
i R: e k =1

1 p
a k ( b k c k )
(a + b1x ) p + (a 2 + b 2 x ) p + ... + ( a n + b n x ) p x a k
125. lim 1
x 0 (a + c x ) p + ( a + c x ) p + ... + (a + c x ) p
, a i , b i , c i 0, i = 1, n,p R*. R: e
1 1 2 2 n n
1

126. lim[lim(1 + tg 2 x + tg 2 2x + ... + tg 2 nx ) n x ]

3 2
R: 3 e
n x 0
n n n
1
127. lim ln(a 1 + a 2 + ... + a n ), a 1 R:lna
x n
n 1

1 ak a
128. lim [ ( x + )], a , x R. R: x +
n n n 2
k =1

ex
129. lim , R R:
x x

ln x , dac a 0
130. lim a , aR R:
x x
0, dac a > 0
 1

131. lim e
x 0
x
ln x R:0
x 0

132. lim x sin x R:1

x 0
x 0

133. lim(sin x ) x R:1

x 0
x0

134. lim x tgx R:1

x 0
x0

x 2 + 1 2x
135. lim e R:0
x x + 1

sin x x
136. lim R:0
x 0 x2
arcsin x x
137. lim R:0
x 0 x2
1 arcsin x
138. lim ln R:0
x 0 x x
n 1

(k xn ) 1
139. Dac x n = n n!, n 1 , s se calculeze lim a n , unde a n = x n k =1
n
, n N*. R:
n

ln k
k =1

x sin x
n n
140. lim , n N*. R:0
x 0 x n +1
141. lim sin( 3 n 3 + 3n 2 + 4n 5 ) R:
n

a (a + 1 )( a + 2 )...(a + n )
142. lim , a , b R*. R:
x b( b + 1 )( b + 2 )....( b + n )
n( n + 1)
1 tg( + x ) tg( + 2x )...tg( + nx ) tg( x)
k
n n

143. lim 4 4 4 4 2 R: k5 3

x 0 x3 k =1 k =1

n n n
+ + ... +
a1 a2 a1 3
144. lim , (a n ) n 1 fiind o progresie aritmetic cu a1=1 i raia r>0. R:
x
a 1 + a 2 + ... + a n r
3
1+ x + 3 1 x 2
145. Pentru ce valori mN, exist lim
x 0
? R:m 2 N {1}
xm

1
146. lim(sin ) x 2 R:1
x 2 x
1 1
147. lim n( n + 1) (( n + 1)a n +1 na n 1), a 0 R: 2lna
n

148. lim ln( n 2narctgn ) R:ln2

n

(sin a 1x + sin a 2 x + ... + sin a n x ) 2

149. Dac lim n , s se arate c a1=a2=...=an.
x 0 x (sin a 2 x + sin a 2 + ... sin a 2 x )
1 2 n
1
( x 1) 2 b = 2a
150. Dac lim(ax + bx + c) 2
( 0, ) , ce condiii ndeplinesc a,b,cR? R:
x 1
c = 1 + a
( n 1)
n + 1 tg 2

151. lim ( ) 2n
R: e
x n
n
(1 + a + a 2 + ... + a 2 ) 2
152. lim , aR. R:
n
1 + a 2 + a 4 + ... + a 2 n
 e n +1 e n
n
1
153. lim , unde en = 1 + , n N*. R:
n 1

1 n
n n +1
1
1 1 a
154. lim ( p + ... + p ) n , a n 0, ()n 1, lim n = 1 , p R. R:
n a an n a
1 n 1

155. lim( n 2 + n n 2 n ) n sin n R:1

n

156. lim

n
{
n 2 + kn = } 3 + ( 1) k
4
, () k N*, {} reprezentnd partea zecimal

k2 + k
n

n
1
157. lim R:
n
k =1
3
+k 3

158. lim 2 n1 2 2 + ... + 2 , numrul radicalilor fiind nN*, {} fiind partea fracionar
n

cb
log a [log b (log c)]
159. lim cos x , a, b (1, ) R:1
x 0 ab
log c [log b (log a )]
cos x
1 1 1
1
160. lim[ (a x + b x + c x ]x , a , b, c (1, ) R: 3 abc
x 3

xx
161. lim xx R:1
x 0
x0

1 2 n 4
162. lim n (1 + )(1 + )...(1 + ) R:
n n n n e
n ln n
163. lim , [] fiind partea ntreag.
n n n n
[ ] + [ ] + ... + [ ]
1 2 n
n

[ka]
k =1 a
164. lim 2
,aR, [] fiind partea ntreag. R:
n n 2
165. lim ctgx [ tgx ] , [] fiind partea ntreag. R:1
x
2

x<
2

arctg( n k ) arctg( n k + 1)
166. lim n 2 k , k N*. R:
n
nk n k + 1 2
sin((3 + a ) n )
167. lim , a, b (4,9) N, a>b. R:
n tg(( 3 + b ) n )

{ }
168. lim (a + a 2 1 ) n , a N*, {} fiind partea fracionar
n
0, dac a = 1
R:
1, dac a > 1
nx + 1
169. lim n(sin sin x ) R:cosx
n n
{ }
170. lim 3 n 3 + an 2 + bn + c , cu {} partea fracionar i a,b,cR
n
R:

{ }
171. lim (2 + 3 ) n , cu {} partea fracionar
n
R:1

1
n
172. lim
n k(
k =1
k 3 + k k ) 1 R: a k >
k
n

1
173. lim R:
n
k =2
k
n +1 +1
k
 6k 1
n

1
174. lim R:
n
k =1
3k 4
1, dac a (0,1]
175. lim n 1 + a n , a 0 R:
n
a, dac a > 1
n (n + 1)(n + 2 )
n

sin
1 2
176. lim kx R:
x 0 x 2 6
k =1
n
177. lim
x ( 1) C
k =0
k k
n ln( x + k ) R:

n
( 1) k
178. lim
n 1 +
k =1
k
R:

(2k 1)!
k
179. lim R:
n
k =1
n
1
C
1 1 p = 1p 1p
180. lim , p N* R:
n
k =1
p
p+ k p(p + 1) C
p + k
pC p + k
pC p + k + 1


n

k
1 p 1
181. lim p +1
R:
n r k =1
p +1
[1p x ] + [2 p x ] + ... + [n p x ] x
182. lim , x R, [] fiind partea ntreag. R:
x n p +1 p +1
n

[kx], x R, [] fiind partea ntreag.

1 x
183. lim R:
n n 2 2
k =1

1 3 2n 1 x3
184. lim sin 2 + sin 2 + ... + sin 2 R:1 x sin x x
n
n n n 6
( n + p )!
n k 1
185. lim
n
k =1 k!



, p N. R:0

1 n ( n +1 )

186. lim[1 + ln(1 + x ) + ln(1 + 2x ) + ... + ln(1 + nx )] x R: e 2

x 0

tg( tgx ) sin(sin x )

187. lim R:2
x 0 tgx sin x
1

188. lim(1 x + sin x ) x2

R:1
x 0

cos( cos x )
2
189. lim R:
x 0 x sin(sin x ) 4
1 e x 1 cos x
190. lim R:1
x 0 sin x
x0

191. lim (sin x + 1 sin x ) R:0

x

1
n
192. lim
x 0 nx
ln

k =1
1 + k x , n N*

P([ x ]) 5 3
193. lim , unde [] este partea ntreag, iar P(x) = x +9x +8x+2,xR.
x
[ P( x )]
x sin x cos x
194. S se arate c funcia dat de f(x) = , xR, nu are limit n +.
cos 2 x + x 2 sin 2 x
 1
2
195. Determinai relaia ntre constantele a,b,c, nct lim(ax 2 + bx + c) ( x 1) s fie finit i nenul.
x 1

x 2 n 2x n +
196. Determinai R nct lim s existe i s fie finit, iar apoi calculai limita.
x 1 ( x 1) 2
+ , 1,

197. S se arate c lim ( x + x + 1 + x x + 1 2x ) = 0, = 1, .
2 2
x
, 1.

1 1 1
198. S se arate c funcia f(x) = ( + sin cos ), x R - {0}, nu are limit n x=0.
x x x
x, x 0 x2,x Q
199. Fie funciile f,g:RR, f(x) = i g(x) = . Exist lim f (g( x )) ?
1, x = 0 0, x R Q x 0

[ x ], x Q
200. Fie f:RR, f(x) = , [x] partea ntreag a lui xR. S se arate c f nu are limit n nici un punct din R.
x , x R Q