Stroke Stuff

Read Ch. 3
Quiz will focus on neuro
Final will be 6-7 questions

1.
2. patients seeing double means eye muscles (around) on one or both sides are weakened
a. if theres an issue w optic nerve, he wouldnt see period
3. hemiparesis = weakness, sensory issues
a. babinski (?) can be a symptom of stroke, just depends where it is
b. blood pressure 160/100 is high
4. difference between 1 and 2, this guy feels pain, opposite side, different living styles, feels
sleepy
5. patient has a history of hypertension (high bp), hyperlipidemia (high chol), smokes
a. takes an aspirin (affects clotting, inhibits platelet aggreg.)
b. bp is 220/120 (dangerously high), if upper num is 200+ malignant hypertension
c. patient is having a stroke
d. serum glucose = no issue w diabetes
6. second leading
a. 1 in 6 patients will die
b. only 10% will completely recover
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8. irreversable tissue destruction
a. int. blood supply (2 ways)= blocking of blood vessels, blood vessels bursting
apart, much more fragile
b. two categories
c. pain is just from the pressure
9. ischemic = plaque formation in carotid artery, similar to coronary
a. blood constantly pumping by way of heart, CAs directly off aorta
b. if 70% or more occlusion, blood can break off plaque and cause it to clog
elsewhere in cerebral arteries
c. transient = tiny spray comes up an occludes, but breaks apart after about a day
(mini stroke)
d. plaque formation directly in cerebral arteries can cause dementia (&)
e. virchows triad (*)
f. diabetes is a huge risk factor for CAD and stroke
10. hemorrhagic = due to very high bp or other factors that cause injury to cer bv, just breaks
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12. atrial fibrillation(*) dead zones in heart, blood is not flowing as smoothly creating clots,
heart will throw clots up, can cause ischm
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14.
15. Q) use a stent, physically open artery and scrape off plaque
16. Q) pacemakers, inject cardiovascular cells
17. every minute counts with stroke care
a. penumbra is vulnerable-- immediate treatment can save it
18. lack of ox flow (results in inflammation), excitotoxicity, direct cell death
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20. usually caused by malignant hypertension, dont wanna give a patient having
hemorrhagic stroke an aspirin
21. so much bleeding, blood tissue is being pushed out
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26. ischemic = you wanna give them clot busters/aspirin, pretty much induce a hemorrhage,
BUTTTTT if you misdiagnose a hem, you make it worse.
a. hemm = induce clotting, which, if you misdiagnose, can make an actual ischemic
stroke worse
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29. if we better brain imaging agents, it lessens the need for neuro tissue engineering
30. nanoparticles allow cellular processes to be imaged via brain imaging
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32. iron oxide core allows exhibition of magnetic properties that show in MRIs, showing very
focused changes. supa coo
33. pic, coatings are body-compatible for the most part, so thats good.
34. uspios can circulate longer, really helpful for showing what goes on during a stroke
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36. commercialized but not used widely in brain, used for liver tumors
a. in hemorrhagic you can see the blood, other you can see brain fading out in
scans
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38. labels help for imaging
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40. clinical trial
a. stroke patients who arrive at the ER in ample time
b. control: standard of care, regular mri w/o nanoparticles
c. primary endpoint: improved sensitivity and specificity
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42. uspios super helpful for information
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44. define parts of pic
a. can be used to see healthy cells
b. targeting mech
c. therapeutic delivery
d. target other cell populations-- myelin, oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, microglial
cells (brains form of scar tissue)
e. can be used for multiplesclero, degenerative diseases (neuro), cancer
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46. VCAM-1 levels increase in presence of inflammation
47. Q1) 44e
48. USPIO&SPIO imaging advancements minimize brain tissue damage so we dont have to
work so hard for regeneration